{"id":5314,"date":"2026-04-06T03:43:30","date_gmt":"2026-04-06T03:43:30","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.diagrams-ai.com\/vn\/use-case-diagram-symbols-guide-product-managers\/"},"modified":"2026-04-06T03:43:30","modified_gmt":"2026-04-06T03:43:30","slug":"use-case-diagram-symbols-guide-product-managers","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.diagrams-ai.com\/vn\/use-case-diagram-symbols-guide-product-managers\/","title":{"rendered":"Kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 s\u00e2u: Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch chi ti\u1ebft m\u1ecdi k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u trong bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 Use Case d\u00e0nh cho Qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd S\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m m\u1edbi"},"content":{"rendered":"

Qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m bao g\u1ed3m vi\u1ec7c chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i c\u00e1c nhu c\u1ea7u ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c t\u1ea3 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng. M\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 thu h\u1eb9p kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch gi\u1eefa m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau kinh doanh v\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt l\u00e0 Bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 Use Case. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c li\u00ean k\u1ebft v\u1edbi c\u00e1c k\u1ef9 s\u01b0 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m, nh\u1eefng bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 n\u00e0y cung c\u1ea5p c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn t\u1ed5ng quan v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi Qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd S\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m. Hi\u1ec3u ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef tr\u1ef1c quan cho ph\u00e9p b\u1ea1n x\u00e1c minh ph\u1ea1m vi, x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u b\u1ecb thi\u1ebfu v\u00e0 t\u1ea1o \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n giao ti\u1ebfp r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng h\u01a1n v\u1edbi c\u00e1c b\u00ean li\u00ean quan.<\/p>\n

H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn n\u00e0y cung c\u1ea5p s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n v\u1ec1 m\u1ecdi k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u c\u00f3 trong bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 Use Case ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n. Ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 c\u00e1c vai tr\u00f2 (actors), h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng, ranh gi\u1edbi v\u00e0 c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7. \u0110\u1ebfn cu\u1ed1i t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u n\u00e0y, b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trang b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ec3 di\u1ec5n gi\u1ea3i c\u00e1c bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 n\u00e0y v\u00e0 \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a v\u00e0o giai \u0111o\u1ea1n thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf v\u00f2ng \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n

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\"Hand-drawn<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n

\ud83e\udde9 C\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i<\/h2>\n

Bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 Use Case l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n tr\u1ef1c quan v\u1ec1 c\u00e1ch ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c v\u1edbi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. N\u00f3 t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng thay v\u00ec c\u00e1c chi ti\u1ebft tri\u1ec3n khai. \u0110\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ecdc ho\u1eb7c t\u1ea1o m\u1ed9t bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3, b\u1ea1n tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft ph\u1ea3i hi\u1ec3u c\u00e1c kh\u1ed1i x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. C\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 n\u00e0y ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi nhau \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh ph\u1ea1m vi c\u1ee7a ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m v\u00e0 c\u00e1c vai tr\u00f2 li\u00ean quan.<\/p>\n

1. Vai tr\u00f2 (Actors) \ud83d\udc64<\/h3>\n

C\u00e1c vai tr\u00f2 (Actors) \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c v\u1edbi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. Ch\u00fang kh\u00f4ng nh\u1ea5t thi\u1ebft ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi; ch\u00fang c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng kh\u00e1c, thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee9ng ho\u1eb7c th\u1eadm ch\u00ed l\u00e0 c\u00e1c k\u00edch ho\u1ea1t d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean th\u1eddi gian. Trong b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m, b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean g\u1eb7p ph\u1ea3i c\u00e1c vai tr\u00f2 l\u00e0 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi.<\/p>\n

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  • Vai tr\u00f2 ch\u00ednh:<\/strong> \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng kh\u1edfi t\u1ea1o m\u1ed9t Use Case c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, m\u1ed9tKh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng<\/em> kh\u1edfi t\u1ea1o m\u1ed9tGiao d\u1ecbch mua h\u00e0ng<\/em>.<\/li>\n
  • Vai tr\u00f2 ph\u1ee5:<\/strong> \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ho\u1eb7c ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 vai tr\u00f2 ch\u00ednh nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng kh\u1edfi t\u1ea1o quy tr\u00ecnh. M\u1ed9t v\u00ed d\u1ee5 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9tC\u1ed5ng thanh to\u00e1n<\/em> x\u00e1c minh m\u1ed9t giao d\u1ecbch.<\/li>\n
  • Bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n:<\/strong> Trong c\u00e1c bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3, c\u00e1c vai tr\u00f2 th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 b\u1eb1ng h\u00ecnh ng\u01b0\u1eddi que. Ch\u00fang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i ranh gi\u1edbi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

    Khi x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c vai tr\u00f2, h\u00e3y tr\u00e1nh g\u00e1n qu\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u vai tr\u00f2 cho m\u1ed9t h\u00ecnh ng\u01b0\u1eddi que duy nh\u1ea5t. N\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t v\u1edbi c\u00e1c quy\u1ec1n h\u1ea1n kh\u00e1c nhau, h\u00e3y c\u00e2n nh\u1eafc t\u1ea1o c\u00e1c vai tr\u00f2 ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t (v\u00ed d\u1ee5,Qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb vi\u00ean<\/em> so v\u1edbiKh\u00e1ch<\/em>) \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m r\u00f5 c\u00e1c m\u1ee9c quy\u1ec1n truy c\u1eadp trong y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n.<\/p>\n

    2. Use Cases \u2699\ufe0f<\/h3>\n

    M\u1ed9t Use Case \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho m\u1ed9t m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau ho\u1eb7c ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 m\u00e0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n. N\u00f3 m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 m\u1ed9t chu\u1ed7i c\u00e1c h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb quan s\u00e1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cho m\u1ed9t vai tr\u00f2. H\u00e3y coi Use Case nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t “c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c c\u1ea7n ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh” t\u1eeb g\u00f3c nh\u00ecn c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng.<\/p>\n

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    • Bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n:<\/strong> C\u00e1c Use Case \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1ebd d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng h\u00ecnh oval ho\u1eb7c h\u00ecnh elip b\u00ean trong ranh gi\u1edbi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng.<\/li>\n
    • \u0110\u1eb7t t\u00ean:<\/strong> T\u00ean n\u00ean tu\u00e2n theo c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1eeb-danh t\u1eeb. V\u00ed d\u1ee5,“C\u1eadp nh\u1eadt h\u1ed3 s\u01a1”<\/em> t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n “M\u00e0n h\u00ecnh c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt h\u1ed3 s\u01a1”<\/em>.<\/li>\n
    • Ph\u1ea1m vi:<\/strong> M\u1ed9t Use Case \u0111\u01a1n l\u1ebb l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng n\u00ean mang t\u00ednh nguy\u00ean t\u1eed. N\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn nhi\u1ec1u m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t, n\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t ho\u1eb7c nh\u00f3m l\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch h\u1ee3p l\u00fd.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

      3. Ranh gi\u1edbi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \ud83d\udea7<\/h3>\n

      Ranh gi\u1edbi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u00ecnh h\u1ed9p ch\u1eef nh\u1eadt x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m ho\u1eb7c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a. M\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 b\u00ean trong h\u1ed9p \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. M\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u00e1c nh\u00e2n ho\u1eb7c ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i.<\/p>\n

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      • M\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch:<\/strong> N\u00f3 gi\u00fap x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh nh\u1eefng g\u00ec n\u1eb1m trong ph\u1ea1m vi v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec n\u1eb1m ngo\u00e0i ph\u1ea1m vi cho b\u1ea3n ph\u00e1t h\u00e0nh hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i.<\/li>\n
      • Ghi nh\u00e3n:<\/strong> H\u1ed9p th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi nh\u00e3n b\u1eb1ng t\u00ean c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ho\u1eb7c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m.<\/li>\n
      • T\u00ednh linh ho\u1ea1t:<\/strong> Ranh gi\u1edbi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i khi s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n. C\u00e1c t\u00ednh n\u0103ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 chuy\u1ec3n t\u1eeb c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i v\u00e0o h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ch\u00ednh, \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a l\u1ea1i ranh gi\u1edbi.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

        \ud83d\udd17 Hi\u1ec3u v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7<\/h2>\n

        C\u00e1c m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c t\u00e1c nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 c\u00e1c Use Case, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1ch c\u00e1c Use Case t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c v\u1edbi nhau. C\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 mang t\u00ednh trang tr\u00ed; ch\u00fang mang \u00fd ngh\u0129a ng\u1eef ngh\u0129a c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 quy \u0111\u1ecbnh lu\u1ed3ng \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n.<\/p>\n

        1. Li\u00ean k\u1ebft \ud83d\udd17<\/h3>\n

        \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng li\u00ean k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i m\u1ed9t T\u00e1c nh\u00e2n v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t Use Case. N\u00f3 cho th\u1ea5y t\u00e1c nh\u00e2n t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c v\u1edbi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n

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        • H\u01b0\u1edbng:<\/strong> M\u0169i t\u00ean th\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ec9 t\u1eeb T\u00e1c nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ebfn Use Case, cho bi\u1ebft ai l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u1edfi t\u1ea1o h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng.<\/li>\n
        • C\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng:<\/strong> \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn nh\u1ea5t. N\u00f3 tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi: \u201cAi l\u00e0m g\u00ec?\u201d<\/li>\n
        • Nhi\u1ec1u k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i:<\/strong> M\u1ed9t t\u00e1c nh\u00e2n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u Use Case, th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n ph\u1ea1m vi n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd trong h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

          2. Bao g\u1ed3m \u2795<\/h3>\n

          M\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 Bao g\u1ed3m cho th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t Use Case y\u00eau c\u1ea7u r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t Use Case kh\u00e1c. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c. N\u1ebfu Use Case A bao g\u1ed3m Use Case B, th\u00ec B lu\u00f4n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c thi khi A x\u1ea3y ra.<\/p>\n

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          • Use Case:<\/strong> “\u0110\u1eb7t h\u00e0ng”<\/em> c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 bao g\u1ed3m “X\u00e1c th\u1ef1c thanh to\u00e1n”<\/em>.<\/li>\n
          • T\u1ea1i sao s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng n\u00f3:<\/strong> \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y ng\u0103n ng\u1eeba s\u1ef1 tr\u00f9ng l\u1eb7p. N\u1ebfu nhi\u1ec1u tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u1ea7n c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng con, b\u1ea1n ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a n\u00f3 m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n v\u00e0 bao g\u1ed3m n\u00f3 \u1edf m\u1ecdi n\u01a1i.<\/li>\n
          • Ghi nh\u00e3n:<\/strong> \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng k\u1ebb l\u00e0 n\u00e9t \u0111\u1ee9t v\u1edbi m\u0169i t\u00ean ch\u1ec9 v\u1ec1 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bao g\u1ed3m, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1eafn nh\u00e3n b\u1eb1ng t\u1eeb kh\u00f3a <<include>>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

            3. M\u1edf r\u1ed9ng \ud83d\udd17<\/h3>\n

            M\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 M\u1edf r\u1ed9ng cho ph\u00e9p m\u1ed9t tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng th\u00eam h\u00e0nh vi v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng kh\u00e1c trong c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3. Kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi Bao g\u1ed3m, M\u1edf r\u1ed9ng l\u00e0 t\u00f9y ch\u1ecdn. N\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho c\u00e1c ngo\u1ea1i l\u1ec7 ho\u1eb7c lu\u1ed3ng thay th\u1ebf.<\/p>\n

              \n
            • Tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng:<\/strong> “T\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m”<\/em> c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng b\u1edfi “Hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb \u0111\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t”<\/em> n\u1ebfu ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u0103ng nh\u1eadp.<\/li>\n
            • T\u1ea1i sao s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng n\u00f3:<\/strong> N\u00f3 n\u1eafm b\u1eaft c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p bi\u00ean m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m r\u1ed1i lu\u1ed3ng ch\u00ednh. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a x\u1eed l\u00fd l\u1ed7i ho\u1eb7c logic \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n trong c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u.<\/li>\n
            • Ghi nh\u00e3n:<\/strong> \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng k\u1ebb l\u00e0 n\u00e9t \u0111\u1ee9t v\u1edbi m\u0169i t\u00ean ch\u1ec9 v\u1ec1 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u01a1 s\u1edf, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1eafn nh\u00e3n b\u1eb1ng t\u1eeb kh\u00f3a <<extend>>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

              4. T\u1ed5ng qu\u00e1t h\u00f3a \ud83d\udd04<\/h3>\n

              T\u1ed5ng qu\u00e1t h\u00f3a \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho k\u1ebf th\u1eeba. N\u00f3 cho ph\u00e9p b\u1ea1n m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m chung gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c vai tr\u00f2 ho\u1eb7c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng.<\/p>\n

                \n
              • K\u1ebf th\u1eeba vai tr\u00f2:<\/strong> M\u1ed9t “Ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng cao c\u1ea5p”<\/em> l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a “Ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u0103ng k\u00fd”<\/em>. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng cao c\u1ea5p k\u1ebf th\u1eeba t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a Ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u0103ng k\u00fd nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u00eam c\u00e1c kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng kh\u00e1c.<\/li>\n
              • K\u1ebf th\u1eeba tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng:<\/strong> M\u1ed9t “X\u1eed l\u00fd ho\u00e0n ti\u1ec1n”<\/em> c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t d\u1ea1ng chuy\u00ean bi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a “X\u1eed l\u00fd giao d\u1ecbch”<\/em>.<\/li>\n
              • H\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh:<\/strong> \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ec3u th\u1ecb b\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng li\u1ec1n c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea7u m\u0169i t\u00ean tam gi\u00e1c r\u1ed7ng ch\u1ec9 v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda ph\u1ea7n t\u1eed cha.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                \ud83d\udccb B\u1ea3ng tham chi\u1ebfu k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u<\/h2>\n

                \u0110\u1ec3 tham kh\u1ea3o nhanh, d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 b\u1ea3n t\u1ed5ng quan c\u00f3 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u v\u00e0 \u00fd ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
                K\u00fd hi\u1ec7u<\/th>\nH\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng tr\u1ef1c quan<\/th>\n\u00dd ngh\u0129a<\/th>\nV\u00ed d\u1ee5<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
                Ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng (Actor)<\/td>\nH\u00ecnh ng\u01b0\u1eddi que<\/td>\nTh\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c v\u1edbi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng<\/td>\nKh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng, Qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb vi\u00ean, API<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                Tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng<\/td>\nH\u00ecnh oval<\/td>\nM\u1ed9t ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng ho\u1eb7c m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng<\/td>\nThanh to\u00e1n, \u0110\u0103ng nh\u1eadp, T\u1ea1o b\u00e1o c\u00e1o<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                Bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng<\/td>\nH\u00ecnh ch\u1eef nh\u1eadt<\/td>\nX\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh ph\u1ea1m vi c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng<\/td>\nH\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd \u0111\u01a1n h\u00e0ng<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                Li\u00ean k\u1ebft<\/td>\n\u0110\u01b0\u1eddng li\u1ec1n<\/td>\nLi\u00ean k\u1ebft truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng gi\u1eefa Ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng v\u00e0 Tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng<\/td>\nNg\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng nh\u1ea5p v\u00e0o \u201cMua\u201d<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                Bao g\u1ed3m<\/td>\n\u0110\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ee9t \u0111o\u1ea1n + M\u0169i t\u00ean<\/td>\nS\u1ef1 ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng kh\u00e1c<\/td>\n\u0110\u0103ng nh\u1eadp l\u00e0 b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ec3 Thanh to\u00e1n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                M\u1edf r\u1ed9ng<\/td>\n\u0110\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ee9t \u0111o\u1ea1n + M\u0169i t\u00ean<\/td>\nT\u00f9y ch\u1ecdn b\u1ed5 sung cho m\u1ed9t tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3<\/td>\n\u00c1p d\u1ee5ng m\u00e3 gi\u1ea3m gi\u00e1 trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh thanh to\u00e1n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                T\u1ed5ng qu\u00e1t h\u00f3a<\/td>\n\u0110\u01b0\u1eddng li\u1ec1n + H\u00ecnh tam gi\u00e1c<\/td>\nK\u1ebf th\u1eeba h\u00e0nh vi gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c vai tr\u00f2 ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng<\/td>\nTh\u00e0nh vi\u00ean VIP m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng t\u1eeb Th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

                \ud83c\udfaf C\u00e1c th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t cho Qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd S\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m<\/h2>\n

                Vi\u1ec7c t\u1ea1o bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01a1n thu\u1ea7n l\u00e0 v\u1ebd c\u00e1c h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng. N\u00f3 \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi t\u01b0 duy chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1ec1 ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m v\u00e0 tr\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7m ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng. H\u00e3y tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 c\u00e1c h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n mang l\u1ea1i gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb.<\/p>\n

                1. X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u00f5 ph\u1ea1m vi<\/h3>\n

                Tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi v\u1ebd b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00e0o, h\u00e3y x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh ranh gi\u1edbi c\u1ee7a d\u1ef1 \u00e1n hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i. M\u1ed9t bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng bao ph\u1ee7 m\u1ecdi t\u00ednh n\u0103ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 trong l\u1ed9 tr\u00ecnh t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ty s\u1ebd tr\u1edf n\u00ean kh\u00f3 \u0111\u1ecdc. H\u00e3y t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o c\u00e1c m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau ph\u00e1t h\u00e0nh c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c sprint. S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng Ranh gi\u1edbi H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ec3 lo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng c\u00e1c t\u00ednh n\u0103ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00ean k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch cho c\u00e1c giai \u0111o\u1ea1n sau.<\/p>\n

                2. T\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng<\/h3>\n

                C\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng n\u00ean m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i c\u00e1ch h\u1ecd \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3. Tr\u00e1nh thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf m\u00e0n h\u00ecnh ho\u1eb7c b\u1ea3ng c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u trong bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, thay v\u00ec\u201cNh\u1ea5n n\u00fat A\u201d<\/em>, h\u00e3y s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng\u201cG\u1eedi bi\u1ec3u m\u1eabu\u201d<\/em>. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y gi\u00fap bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 mang t\u00ednh tr\u1eebu t\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7.<\/p>\n

                3. X\u00e1c th\u1ef1c v\u1edbi c\u00e1c b\u00ean li\u00ean quan<\/h3>\n

                H\u00e3y s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 l\u00e0m \u0111i\u1ec3m kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ea7u cho cu\u1ed9c tr\u00f2 chuy\u1ec7n. C\u00f9ng k\u1ef9 s\u01b0, nh\u00e0 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf v\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 s\u1edf h\u1eefu doanh nghi\u1ec7p \u0111i qua c\u00e1c lu\u1ed3ng. \u0110\u1eb7t c\u00e1c c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi nh\u01b0:\u201cH\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u00f3 x\u1eed l\u00fd tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p l\u1ed7i n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng?\u201d<\/em>ho\u1eb7c\u201cVai tr\u00f2 n\u00e0y c\u00f3 c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft cho t\u00ednh n\u0103ng n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng?\u201d<\/em>. Vi\u1ec7c xem x\u00e9t h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c n\u00e0y th\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n ra c\u00e1c l\u1ed7 h\u1ed5ng trong logic tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n.<\/p>\n

                4. Gi\u1eef cho n\u00f3 \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n<\/h3>\n

                S\u1ef1 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1ea7m l\u1eabn. N\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 c\u00f3 qu\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u vai tr\u00f2 ho\u1eb7c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng, h\u00e3y c\u00e2n nh\u1eafc chia n\u00f3 th\u00e0nh nhi\u1ec1u bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3. B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t\u201c\u0110\u0103ng k\u00fd ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng\u201d<\/em>bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t\u201cQu\u1ea3n l\u00fd \u0111\u01a1n h\u00e0ng\u201d<\/em>bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3. T\u00ednh m\u00f4-\u0111un n\u00e0y gi\u00fap vi\u1ec7c b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng h\u01a1n khi s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n.<\/p>\n

                \ud83d\udeab Nh\u1eefng sai l\u1ea7m ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn c\u1ea7n tr\u00e1nh<\/h2>\n

                Ngay c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh c\u00f3 kinh nghi\u1ec7m c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 m\u1eafc l\u1ed7i khi m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. Vi\u1ec7c nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng l\u1ed7i ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn n\u00e0y s\u1ebd gi\u00fap b\u1ea1n duy tr\u00ec t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cao.<\/p>\n

                  \n
                • Tr\u1ed9n l\u1eabn Giao di\u1ec7n Ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng v\u1edbi Logic:<\/strong> Kh\u00f4ng v\u1ebd c\u00e1c n\u00fat b\u1ea5m ho\u1eb7c c\u1eeda s\u1ed5 b\u00ean trong h\u00ecnh b\u1ea7u d\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a Use Case. H\u00ecnh b\u1ea7u d\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho m\u1ed9t ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n giao di\u1ec7n.<\/li>\n
                • S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng qu\u00e1 m\u1ee9c T\u00ednh t\u1ed5ng qu\u00e1t:<\/strong> M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 k\u1ebf th\u1eeba l\u00e0 h\u1eefu \u00edch, nh\u01b0ng qu\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u l\u1edbp c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 khi\u1ebfn bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 kh\u00f3 theo d\u00f5i. Ch\u1ec9 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng n\u00f3 khi c\u00f3 m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 \u201cl\u00e0 m\u1ed9t\u201d r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng.<\/li>\n
                • B\u1ecf qua C\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i:<\/strong> \u0110\u1eebng qu\u00ean r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c API b\u00ean th\u1ee9 ba ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng k\u1ebf th\u1eeba \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 c\u00e1c t\u00e1c nh\u00e2n. Ch\u00fang t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c v\u1edbi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n gi\u1ed1ng h\u1ec7t nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng con ng\u01b0\u1eddi.<\/li>\n
                • T\u00ean Use Case kh\u00f4ng r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng:<\/strong> C\u00e1c t\u00ean nh\u01b0 \u201cX\u1eed l\u00fd\u201d<\/em> ho\u1eb7c \u201cQu\u1ea3n l\u00fd\u201d<\/em> l\u00e0 qu\u00e1 r\u1ed9ng. H\u00e3y c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 h\u00f3a, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 \u201cDuy\u1ec7t chi ph\u00ed\u201d<\/em> ho\u1eb7c \u201cQu\u1ea3n l\u00fd t\u1ed3n kho\u201d<\/em>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                  \ud83d\udd04 T\u00edch h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi Y\u00eau c\u1ea7u<\/h2>\n

                  Bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 Use Case l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec3m kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ea7u, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 \u0111\u00edch \u0111\u1ebfn. \u0110\u1ec3 bi\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh n\u00e0y th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng, b\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i ch\u00fang v\u1edbi c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u chi ti\u1ebft.<\/p>\n

                  1. M\u00f4 t\u1ea3 Use Case<\/h3>\n

                  M\u1ed7i h\u00ecnh b\u1ea7u d\u1ee5c trong bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u v\u0103n b\u1ea3n t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng. M\u00f4 t\u1ea3 n\u00e0y ph\u00e1c th\u1ea3o c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n ti\u00ean quy\u1ebft, k\u1ecbch b\u1ea3n th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng ch\u00ednh v\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1eabn thay th\u1ebf. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u tr\u1ef1c quan \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 b\u1edfi logic chi ti\u1ebft.<\/p>\n

                  2. C\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n Ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng (User Stories)<\/h3>\n

                  Nhi\u1ec1u Qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd S\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m \u01b0a chu\u1ed9ng C\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n Ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng (L\u00e0 m\u1ed9t [vai tr\u00f2], t\u00f4i mu\u1ed1n [m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau], \u0111\u1ec3 [l\u1ee3i \u00edch]) cho vi\u1ec7c theo d\u00f5i linh ho\u1ea1t. B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u00e1nh x\u1ea1 c\u00e1c Use Case th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n \u1edf c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 Epic. Bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 cung c\u1ea5p c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac, trong khi c\u00e1c c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n cung c\u1ea5p chi ti\u1ebft l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n

                  3. Ti\u00eau ch\u00ed Ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn<\/h3>\n

                  C\u00e1c m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 trong bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 Include (Bao g\u1ed3m)<\/em> ho\u1eb7c Extend (M\u1edf r\u1ed9ng)<\/em> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ecbch tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c ti\u00eau ch\u00ed ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn. N\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t use case bao g\u1ed3m m\u1ed9t b\u01b0\u1edbc x\u00e1c th\u1ef1c, \u0111\u1ed9i QA c\u1ea7n x\u00e1c minh r\u1eb1ng b\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00f3 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i trong m\u1ecdi tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p c\u1ee7a ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng cha.<\/p>\n

                  \ud83e\udd1d H\u1ee3p t\u00e1c v\u00e0 Giao ti\u1ebfp<\/h2>\n

                  S\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a Bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 Use Case n\u1eb1m \u1edf kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u1ea1o \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n cho c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn. N\u00f3 \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef chung gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt v\u00e0 phi k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt.<\/p>\n

                    \n
                  • D\u00e0nh cho K\u1ef9 s\u01b0:<\/strong> N\u00f3 gi\u00fap h\u1ecd hi\u1ec3u lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb sa l\u1ea7y v\u00e0o m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n.<\/li>\n
                  • D\u00e0nh cho Nh\u00e0 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf:<\/strong> N\u00f3 l\u00e0m r\u00f5 h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c, h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng b\u1ea3n nh\u00e1p v\u00e0 nguy\u00ean m\u1eabu.<\/li>\n
                  • D\u00e0nh cho C\u00e1c b\u00ean li\u00ean quan:<\/strong> N\u00f3 cung c\u1ea5p c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn t\u1ed5ng quan v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m s\u1ebd l\u00e0m, gi\u00fap h\u1ecd x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn s\u1ef1 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi c\u00e1c m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau kinh doanh.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                    Khi tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y c\u00e1c bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 n\u00e0y, h\u00e3y t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o lu\u1ed3ng. H\u00e3y \u0111i qua bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 t\u1eeb g\u00f3c \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a Ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng (Actor).\u201cKh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng \u0111\u0103ng nh\u1eadp, sau \u0111\u00f3 t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m, r\u1ed3i thanh to\u00e1n.\u201d<\/em> C\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn k\u1ec3 chuy\u1ec7n n\u00e0y gi\u00fap bi\u1ebfn c\u00e1c k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u tr\u1eebu t\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u00e0nh c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3.<\/p>\n

                    \ud83d\udd0d B\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n tr\u01b0\u1edbc t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai<\/h2>\n

                    S\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m lu\u00f4n thay \u0111\u1ed5i. C\u00e1c t\u00ednh n\u0103ng m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00eam v\u00e0o, trong khi c\u00e1c t\u00ednh n\u0103ng kh\u00e1c tr\u1edf n\u00ean l\u1ed7i th\u1eddi. Bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

                      \n
                    • Ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n:<\/strong>H\u00e3y coi bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n. Gi\u1eef l\u1ea1i l\u1ecbch s\u1eed thay \u0111\u1ed5i. N\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t t\u00ednh n\u0103ng chuy\u1ec3n t\u1eeb \u201cM\u1edf r\u1ed9ng\u201d sang \u201cBao g\u1ed3m\u201d trong phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n m\u1edbi, h\u00e3y ghi ch\u00e9p l\u00fd do.<\/li>\n
                    • Chu k\u1ef3 r\u00e0 so\u00e1t:<\/strong>L\u00ean l\u1ecbch r\u00e0 so\u00e1t \u0111\u1ecbnh k\u1ef3 c\u00e1c bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh l\u1eadp k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch sprint. \u0110\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh tr\u1ef1c quan kh\u1edbp v\u1edbi danh s\u00e1ch c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i.<\/li>\n
                    • V\u1ec7 sinh t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u:<\/strong>N\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng b\u1ecb lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf, h\u00e3y x\u00f3a n\u00f3 kh\u1ecfi bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3. C\u00e1c bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 l\u1ed9n x\u1ed9n s\u1ebd m\u1ea5t \u0111i gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 giao ti\u1ebfp.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                      \ud83d\udee0 T\u00f3m t\u1eaft<\/h2>\n

                      Th\u00e0nh th\u1ea1o bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng qu\u00fd gi\u00e1 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 Qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd S\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m n\u00e0o. N\u00f3 chuy\u1ec3n tr\u1ecdng t\u00e2m t\u1eeb c\u00e1c chi ti\u1ebft tri\u1ec3n khai sang h\u00e0nh vi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng. B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 c\u00e1c t\u00e1c nh\u00e2n, tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng, ranh gi\u1edbi v\u00e0 m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh ph\u1ea1m vi ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c h\u01a1n v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3m s\u1ef1 m\u01a1 h\u1ed3 trong c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n

                      H\u00e3y nh\u1edb r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 n\u00e0y l\u00e0 t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u s\u1ed1ng. Ch\u00fang c\u1ea7n ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n. H\u00e3y s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ch\u00fang \u0111\u1ec3 th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn, x\u00e1c minh logic v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec1u th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u1ea7n l\u00e0m. V\u1edbi s\u1ef1 n\u1eafm v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u n\u00e0y, b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7 n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ec3 d\u1eabn d\u1eaft \u0111\u1ed9i nh\u00f3m c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh qua nh\u1eefng ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p c\u1ee7a ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m.<\/p>\n

                      H\u00e3y b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c r\u00e0 so\u00e1t c\u00e1c bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 c\u1ee7a d\u1ef1 \u00e1n hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i. X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i n\u00e0o m\u01a1 h\u1ed3 ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c t\u00e1c nh\u00e2n b\u1ecb thi\u1ebfu. \u00c1p d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc \u0111\u00e3 n\u00eau \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u1ec3 tinh ch\u1ec9nh t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n. S\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 v\u00e0o t\u00ednh r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng n\u00e0y s\u1ebd mang l\u1ea1i l\u1ee3i \u00edch v\u1ec1 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m l\u1ea1i khi s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

                      Qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m bao g\u1ed3m vi\u1ec7c chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i c\u00e1c nhu c\u1ea7u ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c t\u1ea3 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng. M\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 thu h\u1eb9p kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch gi\u1eefa m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau kinh doanh v\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt l\u00e0 Bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 Use Case. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c li\u00ean k\u1ebft v\u1edbi c\u00e1c k\u1ef9 s\u01b0 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m, nh\u1eefng bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 n\u00e0y cung c\u1ea5p c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn t\u1ed5ng quan v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi Qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd S\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m. Hi\u1ec3u ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef tr\u1ef1c quan cho ph\u00e9p b\u1ea1n x\u00e1c minh ph\u1ea1m vi, x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u b\u1ecb thi\u1ebfu v\u00e0 t\u1ea1o \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n giao ti\u1ebfp r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng h\u01a1n v\u1edbi c\u00e1c b\u00ean li\u00ean quan. H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn n\u00e0y cung c\u1ea5p s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n v\u1ec1 m\u1ecdi k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u c\u00f3 trong bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 Use Case ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n. Ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 c\u00e1c vai tr\u00f2 (actors), h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng, ranh gi\u1edbi v\u00e0 c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7. \u0110\u1ebfn cu\u1ed1i t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u n\u00e0y, b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trang b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ec3 di\u1ec5n gi\u1ea3i c\u00e1c bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 n\u00e0y v\u00e0 \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a v\u00e0o giai \u0111o\u1ea1n thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf v\u00f2ng \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. \ud83e\udde9 C\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i Bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 Use Case l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n tr\u1ef1c quan v\u1ec1 c\u00e1ch ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c v\u1edbi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. N\u00f3 t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng thay v\u00ec c\u00e1c chi ti\u1ebft tri\u1ec3n khai. \u0110\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ecdc ho\u1eb7c t\u1ea1o m\u1ed9t bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3, b\u1ea1n tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft ph\u1ea3i hi\u1ec3u c\u00e1c kh\u1ed1i x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. C\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 n\u00e0y ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi nhau \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh ph\u1ea1m vi c\u1ee7a ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m v\u00e0 c\u00e1c vai tr\u00f2 li\u00ean quan. 1. Vai tr\u00f2 (Actors) \ud83d\udc64 C\u00e1c vai tr\u00f2 (Actors) \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c v\u1edbi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. Ch\u00fang kh\u00f4ng nh\u1ea5t thi\u1ebft ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi; ch\u00fang c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng kh\u00e1c, thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee9ng ho\u1eb7c th\u1eadm ch\u00ed l\u00e0 c\u00e1c k\u00edch ho\u1ea1t d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean th\u1eddi gian. Trong b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m, b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean g\u1eb7p ph\u1ea3i c\u00e1c vai tr\u00f2 l\u00e0 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Vai tr\u00f2 ch\u00ednh: \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng kh\u1edfi t\u1ea1o m\u1ed9t Use Case c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, m\u1ed9tKh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng kh\u1edfi t\u1ea1o m\u1ed9tGiao d\u1ecbch mua h\u00e0ng. Vai tr\u00f2 ph\u1ee5: \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ho\u1eb7c ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 vai tr\u00f2 ch\u00ednh nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng kh\u1edfi t\u1ea1o quy tr\u00ecnh. M\u1ed9t v\u00ed d\u1ee5 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9tC\u1ed5ng thanh to\u00e1n x\u00e1c minh m\u1ed9t giao d\u1ecbch. Bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n: Trong c\u00e1c bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3, c\u00e1c vai tr\u00f2 th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 b\u1eb1ng h\u00ecnh ng\u01b0\u1eddi que. Ch\u00fang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i ranh gi\u1edbi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. Khi x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c vai tr\u00f2, h\u00e3y tr\u00e1nh g\u00e1n qu\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u vai tr\u00f2 cho m\u1ed9t h\u00ecnh ng\u01b0\u1eddi que duy nh\u1ea5t. N\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t v\u1edbi c\u00e1c quy\u1ec1n h\u1ea1n kh\u00e1c nhau, h\u00e3y c\u00e2n nh\u1eafc t\u1ea1o c\u00e1c vai tr\u00f2 ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t (v\u00ed d\u1ee5,Qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb vi\u00ean so v\u1edbiKh\u00e1ch) \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m r\u00f5 c\u00e1c m\u1ee9c quy\u1ec1n truy c\u1eadp trong y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n. 2. Use Cases \u2699\ufe0f M\u1ed9t Use Case \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho m\u1ed9t m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau ho\u1eb7c ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 m\u00e0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n. N\u00f3 m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 m\u1ed9t chu\u1ed7i c\u00e1c h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb quan s\u00e1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cho m\u1ed9t vai tr\u00f2. H\u00e3y coi Use Case nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t “c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c c\u1ea7n ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh” t\u1eeb g\u00f3c nh\u00ecn c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. Bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n: C\u00e1c Use Case \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1ebd d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng h\u00ecnh oval ho\u1eb7c h\u00ecnh elip b\u00ean trong ranh gi\u1edbi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. \u0110\u1eb7t t\u00ean: T\u00ean n\u00ean tu\u00e2n theo c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1eeb-danh t\u1eeb. V\u00ed d\u1ee5,“C\u1eadp nh\u1eadt h\u1ed3 s\u01a1” t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n “M\u00e0n h\u00ecnh c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt h\u1ed3 s\u01a1”. Ph\u1ea1m vi: M\u1ed9t Use Case \u0111\u01a1n l\u1ebb l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng n\u00ean mang t\u00ednh nguy\u00ean t\u1eed. N\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn nhi\u1ec1u m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t, n\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t ho\u1eb7c nh\u00f3m l\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch h\u1ee3p l\u00fd. 3. Ranh gi\u1edbi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \ud83d\udea7 Ranh gi\u1edbi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u00ecnh h\u1ed9p ch\u1eef nh\u1eadt x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m ho\u1eb7c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a. M\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 b\u00ean trong h\u1ed9p \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. M\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u00e1c nh\u00e2n ho\u1eb7c ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i. M\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch: N\u00f3 gi\u00fap x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh nh\u1eefng g\u00ec n\u1eb1m trong ph\u1ea1m vi v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec n\u1eb1m ngo\u00e0i ph\u1ea1m vi cho b\u1ea3n ph\u00e1t h\u00e0nh hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i. Ghi nh\u00e3n: H\u1ed9p th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi nh\u00e3n b\u1eb1ng t\u00ean c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ho\u1eb7c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m. T\u00ednh linh ho\u1ea1t: Ranh gi\u1edbi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i khi s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n. C\u00e1c t\u00ednh n\u0103ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 chuy\u1ec3n t\u1eeb c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i v\u00e0o h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ch\u00ednh, \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a l\u1ea1i ranh gi\u1edbi. \ud83d\udd17 Hi\u1ec3u v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 C\u00e1c m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c t\u00e1c nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 c\u00e1c Use Case, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1ch c\u00e1c Use Case t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c v\u1edbi nhau. C\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 mang t\u00ednh trang tr\u00ed; ch\u00fang mang \u00fd ngh\u0129a ng\u1eef ngh\u0129a c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 quy \u0111\u1ecbnh lu\u1ed3ng \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n. 1. Li\u00ean k\u1ebft \ud83d\udd17 \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng li\u00ean k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i m\u1ed9t T\u00e1c nh\u00e2n v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t Use Case. N\u00f3 cho th\u1ea5y t\u00e1c nh\u00e2n t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c v\u1edbi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00f3. H\u01b0\u1edbng: M\u0169i t\u00ean th\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ec9 t\u1eeb T\u00e1c nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ebfn Use Case, cho bi\u1ebft ai l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u1edfi t\u1ea1o h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng. C\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng: \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn nh\u1ea5t. N\u00f3 tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi: \u201cAi l\u00e0m g\u00ec?\u201d Nhi\u1ec1u k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i: M\u1ed9t t\u00e1c nh\u00e2n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u Use Case, th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n ph\u1ea1m vi n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd trong h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. 2. Bao g\u1ed3m \u2795 M\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 Bao g\u1ed3m cho th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t Use Case y\u00eau c\u1ea7u r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t Use Case kh\u00e1c. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c. N\u1ebfu Use Case A bao g\u1ed3m Use Case B, th\u00ec B lu\u00f4n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c thi khi A x\u1ea3y ra. Use Case:<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":5315,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[56],"tags":[77,87],"class_list":["post-5314","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-uml","tag-academic","tag-use-case-diagram"],"yoast_head":"\nH\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng d\u00e0nh cho Qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd S\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"L\u00e0m ch\u1ee7 c\u00e1c k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u trong bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng. 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