{"id":4332,"date":"2026-04-06T19:27:14","date_gmt":"2026-04-06T19:27:14","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.diagrams-ai.com\/vn\/use-case-diagram-actors-boundaries-relationships\/"},"modified":"2026-04-06T19:27:14","modified_gmt":"2026-04-06T19:27:14","slug":"use-case-diagram-actors-boundaries-relationships","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.diagrams-ai.com\/vn\/use-case-diagram-actors-boundaries-relationships\/","title":{"rendered":"Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n: Hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 v\u1ec1 Ng\u01b0\u1eddi tham gia, Bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi v\u00e0 M\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 trong M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh Tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng"},"content":{"rendered":"

M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t giai \u0111o\u1ea1n then ch\u1ed1t trong ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m v\u00e0 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt y\u00eau c\u1ea7u. N\u00f3 cung c\u1ea5p m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch c\u00f3 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1ef1c quan h\u00f3a c\u00e1ch ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c v\u1edbi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng m\u00e0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n. Trong s\u1ed1 c\u00e1c k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a kh\u00e1c nhau, s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 Tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt nh\u1edd s\u1ef1 \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 trong vi\u1ec7c thu th\u1eadp c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng. H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn n\u00e0y cung c\u1ea5p ph\u00e2n t\u00edch chi ti\u1ebft v\u1ec1 ba th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i c\u1ee7a M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh Tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng: Ng\u01b0\u1eddi tham gia, Bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi v\u00e0 M\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7. B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n n\u00e0y, c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9i nh\u00f3m c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng h\u01a1n, \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o vi\u1ec7c tri\u1ec3n khai k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi nhu c\u1ea7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng.<\/p>\n

M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi s\u1ef1 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c. S\u1ef1 m\u01a1 h\u1ed3 trong c\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 th\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn hi\u1ec3u nh\u1ea7m trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n. B\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 c\u00e1c c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf c\u1ee7a m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a Tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 hay n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng \u0111\u1ed9c quy\u1ec1n. Tr\u1ecdng t\u00e2m v\u1eabn n\u1eb1m \u1edf vi\u1ec7c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m.<\/p>\n

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\"Kawaii<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n

\ud83d\udc65 X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh Ng\u01b0\u1eddi tham gia trong M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng<\/h2>\n

M\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi tham gia \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho m\u1ed9t vai tr\u00f2 do m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n khi t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c v\u1edbi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. \u0110i\u1ec1u quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ea7n hi\u1ec3u r\u1eb1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi tham gia kh\u00f4ng nh\u1ea5t thi\u1ebft ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng con ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0 v\u00ed d\u1ee5 ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn nh\u1ea5t, ng\u01b0\u1eddi tham gia c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng kh\u00e1c, thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee9ng ho\u1eb7c th\u1eadm ch\u00ed l\u00e0 c\u00e1c t\u00e1c nh\u00e2n d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean th\u1eddi gian. Vi\u1ec7c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u00fang ng\u01b0\u1eddi tham gia l\u00e0 b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean trong vi\u1ec7c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh ph\u1ea1m vi t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c.<\/p>\n

C\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i Ng\u01b0\u1eddi tham gia<\/h3>\n

Ng\u01b0\u1eddi tham gia th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd v\u1edbi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c. Vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i n\u00e0y gi\u00fap t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch h\u1ee3p l\u00fd.<\/p>\n

    \n
  • Ng\u01b0\u1eddi tham gia ch\u00ednh:<\/strong> \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng ho\u1eb7c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng kh\u1edfi t\u1ea1o t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c nh\u1eb1m \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, trong m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng mua s\u1eafm tr\u1ef1c tuy\u1ebfn, kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi tham gia ch\u00ednh v\u00ec h\u1ecd kh\u1edfi t\u1ea1o qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh mua h\u00e0ng.<\/li>\n
  • Ng\u01b0\u1eddi tham gia ph\u1ee5:<\/strong> Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi tham gia n\u00e0y h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng kh\u1edfi t\u1ea1o tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng. H\u1ecd th\u01b0\u1eddng cung c\u1ea5p d\u1eef li\u1ec7u ho\u1eb7c d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft cho lu\u1ed3ng ch\u00ednh. Trong v\u00ed d\u1ee5 mua s\u1eafm, h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u1ed5ng thanh to\u00e1n \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi tham gia ph\u1ee5.<\/li>\n
  • Ng\u01b0\u1eddi tham gia n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9:<\/strong> \u0110\u00f4i khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi tham gia n\u00e0y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn h\u01a1n nh\u01b0ng l\u1ea1i ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i so v\u1edbi bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a.<\/li>\n
  • Ng\u01b0\u1eddi tham gia b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i:<\/strong> Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0y t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. Ch\u00fang c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 c\u00e1c d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 b\u00ean th\u1ee9 ba, c\u01a1 quan qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd ho\u1eb7c ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh con ng\u01b0\u1eddi.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

    Khi x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh ng\u01b0\u1eddi tham gia, \u0111i\u1ec1u t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o vai tr\u00f2 thay v\u00ec c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3. Thay v\u00ec g\u00e1n nh\u00e3n m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi tham gia l\u00e0 \u201cJohn Doe\u201d, h\u00e3y g\u00e1n nh\u00e3n l\u00e0 \u201cQu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb vi\u00ean\u201d. C\u00e1c vai tr\u00f2 v\u1eabn gi\u1eef nguy\u00ean ngay c\u1ea3 khi nh\u00e2n s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i, \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh v\u1eabn h\u1ee3p l\u1ec7 theo th\u1eddi gian.vai tr\u00f2<\/em>thay v\u00ec c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3. Thay v\u00ec g\u00e1n nh\u00e3n m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi tham gia l\u00e0 \u201cJohn Doe\u201d, h\u00e3y g\u00e1n nh\u00e3n l\u00e0 \u201cQu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb vi\u00ean\u201d. C\u00e1c vai tr\u00f2 v\u1eabn gi\u1eef nguy\u00ean ngay c\u1ea3 khi nh\u00e2n s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i, \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh v\u1eabn h\u1ee3p l\u1ec7 theo th\u1eddi gian.<\/p>\n

    \ud83d\udce6 X\u00e1c l\u1eadp Bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng<\/h2>\n

    Bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u00ecnh ch\u1eef nh\u1eadt bao quanh t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem x\u00e9t. N\u00f3 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng nh\u1eefng g\u00ec h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n so v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng g\u00ec n\u1eb1m ngo\u00e0i ph\u1ea1m vi ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. D\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u tr\u1ef1c quan n\u00e0y r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng cho vi\u1ec7c qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd ph\u1ea1m vi.<\/p>\n

    B\u00ean trong so v\u1edbi B\u00ean ngo\u00e0i<\/h3>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
    Y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1<\/th>\nV\u1ecb tr\u00ed t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i so v\u1edbi bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi<\/th>\nTr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
    Tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng<\/td>\nB\u00ean trong<\/td>\nC\u00e1c ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng do h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    Ng\u01b0\u1eddi tham gia<\/td>\nB\u00ean ngo\u00e0i<\/td>\nC\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c v\u1edbi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    M\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7<\/td>\nCh\u00e9o nhau<\/td>\nC\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c t\u00e1c nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

    Vi\u1ec7c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh ranh gi\u1edbi th\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f3 h\u01a1n vi\u1ec7c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c t\u00e1c nh\u00e2n. N\u1ebfu ranh gi\u1edbi qu\u00e1 r\u1ed9ng, m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh s\u1ebd tr\u1edf n\u00ean l\u1ed9n x\u1ed9n v\u00e0 m\u1ea5t t\u1eadp trung. N\u1ebfu qu\u00e1 h\u1eb9p, c\u00e1c ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf. M\u1ed9t nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc t\u1ed1t l\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng do c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c b\u00ean li\u00ean quan tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t.<\/p>\n

    B\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng<\/h3>\n

    Ranh gi\u1edbi c\u0169ng x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. M\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 n\u1eb1m ngo\u00e0i h\u1ed9p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i ho\u1eb7c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng. S\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t n\u00e0y r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng khi ph\u00e2n t\u00edch c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m l\u1ed7i. N\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t t\u00e1c nh\u00e2n ph\u1ee5 th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i, h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u00f3 th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i hay c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u1eed l\u00fd l\u1ed7i \u0111\u00f3? Ranh gi\u1edbi gi\u00fap tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi n\u00e0y b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch t\u00e1ch bi\u1ec7t logic n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng kh\u1ecfi s\u1ef1 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1eeb b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i.<\/p>\n

    \ud83d\udd17 M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7<\/h2>\n

    C\u00e1c m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i c\u00e1c t\u00e1c nh\u00e2n v\u1edbi c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi nhau. Nh\u1eefng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00e0y x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh lu\u1ed3ng th\u00f4ng tin v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n. C\u00f3 b\u1ed1n lo\u1ea1i m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng. Hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa ch\u00fang gi\u00fap tr\u00e1nh c\u00e1c l\u1ed7i logic trong thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf.<\/p>\n

    1. Li\u00ean k\u1ebft<\/h3>\n

    M\u1ed9t li\u00ean k\u1ebft l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng li\u1ec1n n\u1ed1i m\u1ed9t t\u00e1c nh\u00e2n v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng. N\u00f3 cho th\u1ea5y t\u00e1c nh\u00e2n t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c v\u1edbi tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n nh\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n

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    • H\u01b0\u1edbng:<\/strong> M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1ebd m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u0169i t\u00ean, c\u00e1c li\u00ean k\u1ebft c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ng\u1ee5 \u00fd h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111i d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean ai kh\u1edfi t\u1ea1o h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng.<\/li>\n
    • \u0110a d\u1ea1ng:<\/strong> M\u1ed9t t\u00e1c nh\u00e2n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 li\u00ean k\u1ebft v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t ho\u1eb7c nhi\u1ec1u tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng. T\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1, m\u1ed9t tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u1edfi t\u1ea1o b\u1edfi m\u1ed9t ho\u1eb7c nhi\u1ec1u t\u00e1c nh\u00e2n.<\/li>\n
    • C\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng:<\/strong> S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3 c\u00e1c t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c ch\u00ednh. N\u1ebfu ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u201c\u0110\u0103ng nh\u1eadp\u201d, h\u00e3y v\u1ebd m\u1ed9t \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1eeb t\u00e1c nh\u00e2n Ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ebfn tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0110\u0103ng nh\u1eadp.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

      2. T\u1ed5ng qu\u00e1t h\u00f3a (K\u1ebf th\u1eeba)<\/h3>\n

      T\u1ed5ng qu\u00e1t h\u00f3a bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 \u201cl\u00e0 m\u1ed9t\u201d. N\u00f3 cho ph\u00e9p t\u00e1i s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng h\u00e0nh vi. Trong m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng, n\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng khi m\u1ed9t t\u00e1c nh\u00e2n ho\u1eb7c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng l\u00e0 phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n chuy\u00ean bi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t t\u00e1c nh\u00e2n ho\u1eb7c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n

        \n
      • T\u1ed5ng qu\u00e1t h\u00f3a t\u00e1c nh\u00e2n:<\/strong> N\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t \u201cQu\u1ea3n l\u00fd\u201d l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i chuy\u00ean bi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a \u201cNh\u00e2n vi\u00ean\u201d, th\u00ec t\u00e1c nh\u00e2n Qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 k\u1ebf th\u1eeba c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a t\u00e1c nh\u00e2n Nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y gi\u00fap gi\u1ea3m s\u1ef1 tr\u00f9ng l\u1eb7p.<\/li>\n
      • T\u1ed5ng qu\u00e1t h\u00f3a tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng:<\/strong> N\u1ebfu \u201cThanh to\u00e1n b\u1eb1ng Th\u1ebb t\u00edn d\u1ee5ng\u201d l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a \u201cThanh to\u00e1n\u201d, th\u00ec tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 n\u00e0y k\u1ebf th\u1eeba h\u00e0nh vi c\u1ee7a tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p t\u1ed5ng qu\u00e1t. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y h\u1eefu \u00edch khi t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i nhi\u1ec1u bi\u1ebfn th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t quy tr\u00ecnh.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

        3. Bao g\u1ed3m<\/h3>\n

        M\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 bao g\u1ed3m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 chia nh\u1ecf h\u00e0nh vi. N\u00f3 cho th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng t\u00edch h\u1ee3p h\u00e0nh vi c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng kh\u00e1c nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t b\u01b0\u1edbc b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c. Tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bao g\u1ed3m l\u00e0 thi\u1ebft y\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh.<\/p>\n

          \n
        • T\u1eeb kh\u00f3a:<\/strong> Th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1nh d\u1ea5u b\u1eb1ng t\u1eeb kh\u00f3a <<include>>.<\/li>\n
        • K\u00edch ho\u1ea1t:<\/strong> Tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n lu\u00f4n g\u1ecdi \u0111\u1ebfn tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bao g\u1ed3m.<\/li>\n
        • V\u00ed d\u1ee5:<\/strong> Tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u201c\u0110\u1eb7t h\u00e0ng\u201d c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 bao g\u1ed3m \u201cX\u00e1c minh Kho h\u00e0ng\u201d. \u0110\u01a1n h\u00e0ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng ki\u1ec3m tra kho h\u00e0ng. Do \u0111\u00f3, m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 n\u00e0y l\u00e0 b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c.<\/li>\n
        • L\u1ee3i \u00edch:<\/strong> N\u00f3 th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u00e1i s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng. N\u1ebfu \u201cX\u00e1c minh t\u1ed3n kho\u201d \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea7n b\u1edfi ba t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng kh\u00e1c nhau, th\u00ec n\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bao g\u1ed3m trong c\u1ea3 ba.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

          4. M\u1edf r\u1ed9ng<\/h3>\n

          M\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho h\u00e0nh vi t\u00f9y ch\u1ecdn. N\u00f3 cho th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng b\u1edfi m\u1ed9t t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng kh\u00e1c trong c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3. Kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi include, h\u00e0nh vi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng kh\u00f4ng b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng.<\/p>\n

            \n
          • T\u1eeb kh\u00f3a:<\/strong> Th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ec3u th\u1ecb b\u1eb1ng t\u1eeb kh\u00f3a <<extend>>.<\/li>\n
          • K\u00edch ho\u1ea1t:<\/strong> Vi\u1ec7c m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng ch\u1ec9 x\u1ea3y ra n\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng.<\/li>\n
          • V\u00ed d\u1ee5:<\/strong> T\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u201c\u0110\u1eb7t h\u00e0ng\u201d c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng b\u1edfi \u201c\u00c1p d\u1ee5ng gi\u1ea3m gi\u00e1\u201d. Gi\u1ea3m gi\u00e1 ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng n\u1ebfu ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng c\u00f3 m\u00e3 gi\u1ea3m gi\u00e1. \u0110\u01a1n h\u00e0ng v\u1eabn c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n gi\u1ea3m gi\u00e1.<\/li>\n
          • H\u01b0\u1edbng:<\/strong> L\u01b0u \u00fd r\u1eb1ng m\u0169i t\u00ean ch\u1ec9 t\u1eeb t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ebfn t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 include.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

            \ud83d\udcca T\u00f3m t\u1eaft c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7<\/h2>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
            M\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7<\/th>\nH\u01b0\u1edbng m\u0169i t\u00ean<\/th>\n\u0110i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n<\/th>\nT\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
            Li\u00ean k\u1ebft<\/td>\nKh\u00f4ng \/ Hai chi\u1ec1u<\/td>\nT\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c<\/td>\nT\u00e1c nh\u00e2n kh\u1edfi t\u1ea1o h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
            T\u1ed5ng qu\u00e1t h\u00f3a<\/td>\nT\u1eeb c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c suy ra<\/td>\nK\u1ebf th\u1eeba<\/td>\nChuy\u00ean bi\u1ec7t h\u00f3a h\u00e0nh vi<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
            Bao g\u1ed3m<\/td>\nT\u1eeb c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bao g\u1ed3m<\/td>\nB\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c<\/td>\nCh\u1ee9c n\u0103ng con b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
            M\u1edf r\u1ed9ng<\/td>\nM\u1edf r\u1ed9ng t\u1eeb c\u01a1 s\u1edf<\/td>\nT\u00f9y ch\u1ecdn<\/td>\nH\u00e0m con \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

            \u2705 C\u00e1c Th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh T\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t v\u00ec S\u1ef1 R\u00f5 r\u00e0ng<\/h2>\n

            Vi\u1ec7c t\u1ea1o m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh Use Case kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01a1n thu\u1ea7n l\u00e0 v\u1ebd c\u00e1c h\u00ecnh h\u1ed9p v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u1ebb; \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 v\u1ec1 giao ti\u1ebfp. Bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec3u b\u1edfi c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, c\u00e1c b\u00ean li\u00ean quan v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed. Tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh v\u1eabn l\u00e0 t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u tham kh\u1ea3o h\u1eefu \u00edch trong su\u1ed1t v\u00f2ng \u0111\u1eddi d\u1ef1 \u00e1n.<\/p>\n

              \n
            • Gi\u1eef c\u00e1c Use Case \u1edf m\u1ee9c nguy\u00ean t\u1eed:<\/strong> M\u1ed7i use case n\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho m\u1ed9t \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng duy nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0 ho\u00e0n ch\u1ec9nh t\u1eeb g\u00f3c nh\u00ecn c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng. Tr\u00e1nh k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng kh\u00f4ng li\u00ean quan v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t use case. N\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t use case tr\u1edf n\u00ean qu\u00e1 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p, h\u00e3y chia nh\u1ecf n\u00f3.<\/li>\n
            • S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng t\u00ean g\u1ecdi h\u01b0\u1edbng h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng:<\/strong> \u0110\u1eb7t t\u00ean c\u00e1c use case theo c\u1ee5m danh t\u1eeb-\u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1eeb. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, \u201cX\u1eed l\u00fd ho\u00e0n ti\u1ec1n\u201d t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n \u201cHo\u00e0n ti\u1ec1n\u201d. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y l\u00e0m r\u00f5 h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n.<\/li>\n
            • Gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng:<\/strong> M\u1ed9t bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 c\u00f3 qu\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng s\u1ebd tr\u1edf n\u00ean kh\u00f3 \u0111\u1ecdc. N\u1ebfu c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nhau, h\u00e3y c\u00e2n nh\u1eafc s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 t\u1ed5ng qu\u00e1t \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u00f3m ch\u00fang l\u1ea1i.<\/li>\n
            • T\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau:<\/strong> C\u00e1c use case m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 c\u00e1ch ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau. Tr\u00e1nh m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a c\u00e1c quy tr\u00ecnh n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y. H\u00e3y duy tr\u00ec quan \u0111i\u1ec3m b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng.<\/li>\n
            • L\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean:<\/strong> C\u00e1c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh Use Case hi\u1ebfm khi ho\u00e0n h\u1ea3o ngay t\u1eeb b\u1ea3n nh\u00e1p \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean. Khi y\u00eau c\u1ea7u thay \u0111\u1ed5i, h\u00e3y c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3. N\u00f3 n\u00ean l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed9ng.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

              \u26a0\ufe0f Nh\u1eefng Sai l\u1ea7m Ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn C\u1ea7n Tr\u00e1nh<\/h2>\n

              Ngay c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a c\u00f3 kinh nghi\u1ec7m c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 r\u01a1i v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng c\u00e1i b\u1eaby l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3. Nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng sai l\u1ea7m ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn s\u1ebd gi\u00fap duy tr\u00ec ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng.<\/p>\n

                \n
              • Nh\u1ea7m l\u1eabn gi\u1eefa Include v\u00e0 Extend:<\/strong> \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 l\u1ed7i ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn nh\u1ea5t. H\u00e3y nh\u1edb: Include l\u00e0 b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c (ph\u1ea3i x\u1ea3y ra), Extend l\u00e0 t\u00f9y ch\u1ecdn (c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u1ea3y ra). N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn, h\u00e3y h\u1ecfi xem use case c\u01a1 s\u1edf c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n use case th\u1ee9 hai hay kh\u00f4ng.<\/li>\n
              • \u0110\u1eb7t ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng b\u00ean trong ranh gi\u1edbi:<\/strong> Ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng lu\u00f4n ph\u1ea3i n\u1eb1m b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i h\u1ed9p h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. N\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng n\u1eb1m b\u00ean trong, th\u00ec c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng n\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i.<\/li>\n
              • Ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng tr\u00f9ng l\u1eb7p:<\/strong> N\u1ebfu hai use case th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t vi\u1ec7c, h\u00e3y h\u1ee3p nh\u1ea5t ch\u00fang l\u1ea1i. S\u1ef1 tr\u00f9ng l\u1eb7p s\u1ebd l\u00e0m ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecdc b\u1ed1i r\u1ed1i v\u00e0 l\u00e0m ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p vi\u1ec7c b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec.<\/li>\n
              • B\u1ecf qua c\u00e1c Y\u00eau c\u1ea7u Phi ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng:<\/strong> M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 Use Case t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng, h\u00e3y nh\u1edb r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c (nh\u01b0 hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t ho\u1eb7c b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt) th\u01b0\u1eddng \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf. H\u00e3y ghi ch\u00e9p ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t nh\u1eefng y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 n\u00e0y n\u1ebfu ch\u00fang kh\u00f4ng thu\u1ed9c d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y ch\u00ednh.<\/li>\n
              • M\u00f4 t\u1ea3 m\u01a1 h\u1ed3:<\/strong> \u0110\u1eebng ch\u1ec9 d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3. C\u00e1c use case n\u00ean \u0111i k\u00e8m v\u1edbi m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 v\u0103n b\u1ea3n chi ti\u1ebft v\u1ec1 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n ti\u00ean quy\u1ebft, \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n h\u1eadu qu\u1ea3 v\u00e0 lu\u1ed3ng ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                \ud83d\udcdd Nh\u1eefng L\u01b0u \u00fd Cu\u1ed1i C\u00f9ng<\/h2>\n

                Gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh Use Case n\u1eb1m \u1edf kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch gi\u1eefa nhu c\u1ea7u kinh doanh v\u00e0 tri\u1ec3n khai k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt. N\u00f3 \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c b\u00ean li\u00ean quan v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9i ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n. B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ea9n th\u1eadn c\u00e1c ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng, ranh gi\u1edbi v\u00e0 m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7, c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9i gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u r\u1ee7i ro hi\u1ec3u nh\u1ea7m y\u00eau c\u1ea7u.<\/p>\n

                H\u00e3y nh\u1edb r\u1eb1ng m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ec3 suy ngh\u0129, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u h\u00f3a. Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh v\u1ebd bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 th\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n ra nh\u1eefng kho\u1ea3ng tr\u1ed1ng v\u1ec1 logic ho\u1eb7c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u b\u1ecb thi\u1ebfu tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 m\u00e3 n\u00e0o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ebft ra. C\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u00e0y gi\u00fap ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m th\u1eddi gian v\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n l\u1ef1c trong d\u00e0i h\u1ea1n.<\/p>\n

                Khi b\u1ea1n \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng nh\u1eefng kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m n\u00e0y, h\u00e3y t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng v\u00e0 nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n. M\u1ed9t m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh Use Case \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac t\u1ed1t l\u00e0 minh ch\u1ee9ng cho vi\u1ec7c hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. N\u00f3 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 giao ti\u1ebfp, \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01b0\u1edbng c\u00e1c n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng mang l\u1ea1i gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb mong mu\u1ed1n cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng.<\/p>\n

                Li\u00ean t\u1ee5c ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean ph\u1ea3n h\u1ed3i. Ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m l\u00e0 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i, v\u00e0 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n c\u0169ng n\u00ean nh\u01b0 v\u1eady. B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch duy tr\u00ec ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n cao trong c\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, b\u1ea1n g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n v\u00e0o quy tr\u00ecnh l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1ng tin c\u1eady.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

                M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t giai \u0111o\u1ea1n then ch\u1ed1t trong ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m v\u00e0 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt y\u00eau c\u1ea7u. N\u00f3 cung c\u1ea5p m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch c\u00f3 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1ef1c quan h\u00f3a c\u00e1ch ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c v\u1edbi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng m\u00e0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n. Trong s\u1ed1 c\u00e1c k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a kh\u00e1c nhau, s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 Tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt nh\u1edd s\u1ef1 \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 trong vi\u1ec7c thu th\u1eadp c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng. H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn n\u00e0y cung c\u1ea5p ph\u00e2n t\u00edch chi ti\u1ebft v\u1ec1 ba th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i c\u1ee7a M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh Tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng: Ng\u01b0\u1eddi tham gia, Bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi v\u00e0 M\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7. B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n n\u00e0y, c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9i nh\u00f3m c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng h\u01a1n, \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o vi\u1ec7c tri\u1ec3n khai k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi nhu c\u1ea7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng. M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi s\u1ef1 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c. S\u1ef1 m\u01a1 h\u1ed3 trong c\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 th\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn hi\u1ec3u nh\u1ea7m trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n. B\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 c\u00e1c c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf c\u1ee7a m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a Tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 hay n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng \u0111\u1ed9c quy\u1ec1n. Tr\u1ecdng t\u00e2m v\u1eabn n\u1eb1m \u1edf vi\u1ec7c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m. \ud83d\udc65 X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh Ng\u01b0\u1eddi tham gia trong M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng M\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi tham gia \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho m\u1ed9t vai tr\u00f2 do m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n khi t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c v\u1edbi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. \u0110i\u1ec1u quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ea7n hi\u1ec3u r\u1eb1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi tham gia kh\u00f4ng nh\u1ea5t thi\u1ebft ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng con ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0 v\u00ed d\u1ee5 ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn nh\u1ea5t, ng\u01b0\u1eddi tham gia c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng kh\u00e1c, thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee9ng ho\u1eb7c th\u1eadm ch\u00ed l\u00e0 c\u00e1c t\u00e1c nh\u00e2n d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean th\u1eddi gian. Vi\u1ec7c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u00fang ng\u01b0\u1eddi tham gia l\u00e0 b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean trong vi\u1ec7c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh ph\u1ea1m vi t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c. C\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i Ng\u01b0\u1eddi tham gia Ng\u01b0\u1eddi tham gia th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd v\u1edbi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c. Vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i n\u00e0y gi\u00fap t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch h\u1ee3p l\u00fd. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi tham gia ch\u00ednh: \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng ho\u1eb7c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng kh\u1edfi t\u1ea1o t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c nh\u1eb1m \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, trong m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng mua s\u1eafm tr\u1ef1c tuy\u1ebfn, kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi tham gia ch\u00ednh v\u00ec h\u1ecd kh\u1edfi t\u1ea1o qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh mua h\u00e0ng. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi tham gia ph\u1ee5: Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi tham gia n\u00e0y h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng kh\u1edfi t\u1ea1o tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng. H\u1ecd th\u01b0\u1eddng cung c\u1ea5p d\u1eef li\u1ec7u ho\u1eb7c d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft cho lu\u1ed3ng ch\u00ednh. Trong v\u00ed d\u1ee5 mua s\u1eafm, h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u1ed5ng thanh to\u00e1n \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi tham gia ph\u1ee5. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi tham gia n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9: \u0110\u00f4i khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi tham gia n\u00e0y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn h\u01a1n nh\u01b0ng l\u1ea1i ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i so v\u1edbi bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi tham gia b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i: Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0y t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. Ch\u00fang c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 c\u00e1c d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 b\u00ean th\u1ee9 ba, c\u01a1 quan qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd ho\u1eb7c ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Khi x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh ng\u01b0\u1eddi tham gia, \u0111i\u1ec1u t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o vai tr\u00f2 thay v\u00ec c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3. Thay v\u00ec g\u00e1n nh\u00e3n m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi tham gia l\u00e0 \u201cJohn Doe\u201d, h\u00e3y g\u00e1n nh\u00e3n l\u00e0 \u201cQu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb vi\u00ean\u201d. C\u00e1c vai tr\u00f2 v\u1eabn gi\u1eef nguy\u00ean ngay c\u1ea3 khi nh\u00e2n s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i, \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh v\u1eabn h\u1ee3p l\u1ec7 theo th\u1eddi gian.vai tr\u00f2thay v\u00ec c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3. Thay v\u00ec g\u00e1n nh\u00e3n m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi tham gia l\u00e0 \u201cJohn Doe\u201d, h\u00e3y g\u00e1n nh\u00e3n l\u00e0 \u201cQu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb vi\u00ean\u201d. C\u00e1c vai tr\u00f2 v\u1eabn gi\u1eef nguy\u00ean ngay c\u1ea3 khi nh\u00e2n s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i, \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh v\u1eabn h\u1ee3p l\u1ec7 theo th\u1eddi gian. \ud83d\udce6 X\u00e1c l\u1eadp Bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng Bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u00ecnh ch\u1eef nh\u1eadt bao quanh t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem x\u00e9t. N\u00f3 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng nh\u1eefng g\u00ec h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n so v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng g\u00ec n\u1eb1m ngo\u00e0i ph\u1ea1m vi ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. D\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u tr\u1ef1c quan n\u00e0y r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng cho vi\u1ec7c qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd ph\u1ea1m vi. B\u00ean trong so v\u1edbi B\u00ean ngo\u00e0i Y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 V\u1ecb tr\u00ed t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i so v\u1edbi bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi Tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m Tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng B\u00ean trong C\u00e1c ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng do h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n Ng\u01b0\u1eddi tham gia B\u00ean ngo\u00e0i C\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c v\u1edbi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng M\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 Ch\u00e9o nhau C\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c t\u00e1c nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng Vi\u1ec7c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh ranh gi\u1edbi th\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f3 h\u01a1n vi\u1ec7c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c t\u00e1c nh\u00e2n. N\u1ebfu ranh gi\u1edbi qu\u00e1 r\u1ed9ng, m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh s\u1ebd tr\u1edf n\u00ean l\u1ed9n x\u1ed9n v\u00e0 m\u1ea5t t\u1eadp trung. N\u1ebfu qu\u00e1 h\u1eb9p, c\u00e1c ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf. M\u1ed9t nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc t\u1ed1t l\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng do c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c b\u00ean li\u00ean quan tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t. B\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng Ranh gi\u1edbi c\u0169ng x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. M\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 n\u1eb1m ngo\u00e0i h\u1ed9p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i ho\u1eb7c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng. S\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t n\u00e0y r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng khi ph\u00e2n t\u00edch c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m l\u1ed7i. N\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t t\u00e1c nh\u00e2n ph\u1ee5 th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i, h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u00f3 th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i hay c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u1eed l\u00fd l\u1ed7i \u0111\u00f3? Ranh gi\u1edbi gi\u00fap tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi n\u00e0y b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch t\u00e1ch bi\u1ec7t logic n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng kh\u1ecfi s\u1ef1 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1eeb b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i. \ud83d\udd17 M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 C\u00e1c m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i c\u00e1c t\u00e1c nh\u00e2n v\u1edbi c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":4333,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[56],"tags":[77,87],"class_list":["post-4332","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-uml","tag-academic","tag-use-case-diagram"],"yoast_head":"\nH\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 Use Case: C\u00e1c t\u00e1c nh\u00e2n, ranh gi\u1edbi v\u00e0 m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"T\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u s\u00e2u v\u1ec1 m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a Use Case. 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