{"id":4258,"date":"2026-03-23T12:07:12","date_gmt":"2026-03-23T12:07:12","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.diagrams-ai.com\/vn\/build-first-dfd-guide\/"},"modified":"2026-03-23T12:07:12","modified_gmt":"2026-03-23T12:07:12","slug":"build-first-dfd-guide","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.diagrams-ai.com\/vn\/build-first-dfd-guide\/","title":{"rendered":"L\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n trong v\u00f2ng d\u01b0\u1edbi 15 ph\u00fat \u2013 H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u nhanh"},"content":{"rendered":"

Vi\u1ec7c t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n tr\u1ef1c quan v\u1ec1 c\u00e1ch th\u00f4ng tin di chuy\u1ec3n qua m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng l\u00e0 k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch, nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u00e0 c\u00e1c b\u00ean li\u00ean quan kinh doanh. S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u, th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 DFD, ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 \u0111\u00fang m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch n\u00e0y. N\u00f3 m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i, c\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c kho l\u01b0u tr\u1eef d\u1eef li\u1ec7u m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng nh\u1ea5t thi\u1ebft ph\u1ea3i chi ti\u1ebft h\u00f3a logic hay th\u1eddi gian c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3. H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn n\u00e0y cung c\u1ea5p m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn c\u00f3 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 DFD ban \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3.<\/p>\n

Nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y lo l\u1eafng khi v\u1ebd s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3, s\u1ee3 r\u1eb1ng n\u00f3 \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p ho\u1eb7c m\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u th\u1eddi gian. Tuy nhi\u00ean, c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i c\u1ee7a m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u l\u00e0 kh\u00e1 \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n. V\u1edbi s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn c\u00f3 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u00e1c th\u1ea3o m\u1ed9t s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng trong th\u1eddi gian ng\u1eafn. B\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y s\u1ebd d\u1eabn d\u1eaft b\u1ea1n qua c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft y\u1ebfu, quy tr\u00ecnh x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng t\u1eebng b\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ki\u1ec3m tra x\u00e1c minh c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c.<\/p>\n

\n
\"Chalkboard-style<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n

\ud83d\udccb Hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i<\/h2>\n

Tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi v\u1ebd c\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng, \u0111i\u1ec1u quan tr\u1ecdng l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i hi\u1ec3u DFD \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng. N\u00f3 t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec<\/em> h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng l\u00e0m ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c<\/em> n\u00f3 l\u00e0m nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o. Kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 l\u01b0u \u0111\u1ed3, v\u1ed1n theo d\u00f5i c\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 tr\u00ecnh t\u1ef1 logic, DFD theo d\u00f5i s\u1ef1 di chuy\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c g\u00f3i d\u1eef li\u1ec7u t\u1eeb ngu\u1ed3n \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00edch.<\/p>\n

Nh\u1eefng l\u1ee3i \u00edch ch\u00ednh khi s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a n\u00e0y bao g\u1ed3m:<\/p>\n

    \n
  • R\u00f5 r\u00e0ng:<\/strong> N\u00f3 \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n h\u00f3a c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p th\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng ph\u1ea7n d\u1ec5 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd.<\/li>\n
  • Giao ti\u1ebfp:<\/strong> N\u00f3 t\u1ea1o ra s\u1ef1 k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9i k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt v\u00e0 c\u00e1c b\u00ean li\u00ean quan kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt.<\/li>\n
  • Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch:<\/strong> N\u00f3 gi\u00fap x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o d\u1eef li\u1ec7u b\u1ecb thi\u1ebfu ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c quy tr\u00ecnh tr\u00f9ng l\u1eb7p.<\/li>\n
  • T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u:<\/strong> N\u00f3 \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 l\u00e0 t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u l\u01b0u tr\u1eef l\u00e2u d\u00e0i v\u1ec1 ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

    Khi b\u1ea1n b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u b\u00e0i t\u1eadp n\u00e0y, h\u00e3y lu\u00f4n gi\u1eef m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau trong t\u00e2m tr\u00ed: \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1ef1c quan h\u00f3a ranh gi\u1edbi v\u00e0 c\u00e1c t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n. B\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m chuy\u00ean s\u00e2u \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u. M\u1ed9t b\u1ea3ng tr\u1eafng, m\u1ed9t t\u1edd gi\u1ea5y v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e2y b\u00fat l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o b\u1ea3n ph\u00e1c th\u1ea3o ban \u0111\u1ea7u.<\/p>\n

    \ud83d\udee0\ufe0f C\u00e1c k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u v\u00e0 k\u00fd ph\u00e1p thi\u1ebft y\u1ebfu<\/h2>\n

    C\u00e1c DFD d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ed3 h\u1ecda chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t trong k\u00fd ph\u00e1p (v\u00ed d\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 Yourdon\/DeMarco so v\u1edbi Gane\/Sarson), nh\u01b0ng c\u00e1c kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng v\u1eabn gi\u1eef nguy\u00ean. D\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch v\u1ec1 b\u1ed1n th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n ch\u00ednh b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd g\u1eb7p ph\u1ea3i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
    Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n<\/th>\nH\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng<\/th>\nM\u00f4 t\u1ea3<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
    Th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i<\/td>\nH\u00ecnh ch\u1eef nh\u1eadt ho\u1eb7c h\u00ecnh vu\u00f4ng<\/td>\nNgu\u1ed3n ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u00edch c\u1ee7a d\u1eef li\u1ec7u b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng, m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng kh\u00e1c).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    Quy tr\u00ecnh<\/td>\nH\u00ecnh ch\u1eef nh\u1eadt tr\u00f2n ho\u1eb7c h\u00ecnh tr\u00f2n<\/td>\nChuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o th\u00e0nh d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ea7u ra. N\u00f3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i d\u1ea1ng th\u1ee9c ho\u1eb7c n\u1ed9i dung.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    Kho d\u1eef li\u1ec7u<\/td>\nH\u00ecnh ch\u1eef nh\u1eadt h\u1edf ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng song song<\/td>\nM\u1ed9t kho ch\u1ee9a n\u01a1i d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0u tr\u1eef (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u, t\u1ee7 h\u1ed3 s\u01a1).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    D\u00f2ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u<\/td>\nM\u0169i t\u00ean<\/td>\n\u0110\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i m\u00e0 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u di chuy\u1ec3n gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n. N\u00f3 bi\u1ec3u th\u1ecb s\u1ef1 di chuy\u1ec3n, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

    Hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t n\u00e0y l\u00e0 r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, m\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 \u00edt nh\u1ea5t m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea7u ra. M\u1ed9t kho d\u1eef li\u1ec7u kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i \u0111\u01a1n l\u1ebb; n\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecdc ho\u1eb7c ghi d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. C\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i ranh gi\u1edbi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng, \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 l\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n k\u00edch ho\u1ea1t ho\u1eb7c ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u1eadn.<\/p>\n

    \ud83d\udcdd Quy tr\u00ecnh x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng t\u1eebng b\u01b0\u1edbc<\/h2>\n

    \u0110\u1ec3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n trong khung th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t, h\u00e3y tu\u00e2n theo tr\u00ecnh t\u1ef1 h\u1ee3p l\u00fd n\u00e0y. Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o b\u1ea1n x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ranh gi\u1edbi tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi \u0111i s\u00e2u v\u00e0o chi ti\u1ebft.<\/p>\n

    B\u01b0\u1edbc 1: X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh ranh gi\u1edbi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng<\/h3>\n

    B\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u b\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh<\/strong> (th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 M\u1ee9c 0). \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 g\u00f3c nh\u00ecn c\u1ea5p cao nh\u1ea5t. N\u00f3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh duy nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 v\u1edbi th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i.<\/p>\n

      \n
    1. X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u00e2m \u0111i\u1ec3m:<\/strong> V\u1ebd m\u1ed9t h\u00ecnh tr\u00f2n ho\u1eb7c h\u00ecnh ch\u1eef nh\u1eadt bo tr\u00f2n duy nh\u1ea5t \u1edf trung t\u00e2m khu v\u1ef1c l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n. G\u1eafn nh\u00e3n cho n\u00f3 b\u1eb1ng t\u00ean h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng m\u00e0 b\u1ea1n \u0111ang m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a.<\/li>\n
    2. X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i:<\/strong> V\u1ebd c\u00e1c h\u00ecnh h\u1ed9p xung quanh vi\u1ec1n ngo\u00e0i. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng, t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c ho\u1eb7c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c v\u1edbi qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh trung t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n.<\/li>\n
    3. V\u1ebd c\u00e1c m\u0169i t\u00ean:<\/strong> K\u1ebft n\u1ed1i c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 v\u1edbi qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh trung t\u00e2m. G\u1eafn nh\u00e3n m\u1ed7i m\u0169i t\u00ean v\u1edbi d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trao \u0111\u1ed5i.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

      V\u00ed d\u1ee5, trong m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng th\u01b0 vi\u1ec7n, \u201cNg\u01b0\u1eddi m\u01b0\u1ee3n\u201d l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3. Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u201cC\u1ea5p ph\u00e1t s\u00e1ch\u201d l\u00e0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. D\u00f2ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 \u201cY\u00eau c\u1ea7u m\u01b0\u1ee3n\u201d ho\u1eb7c \u201cChi ti\u1ebft s\u00e1ch\u201d.<\/p>\n

      B\u01b0\u1edbc 2: Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh trung t\u00e2m<\/h3>\n

      Sau khi b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh, b\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh trung t\u00e2m duy nh\u1ea5t th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh con. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 M\u1ee9c 0<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

        \n
      • X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng ch\u00ednh:<\/strong> H\u00e3y xem x\u00e9t d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111ang v\u00e0o v\u00e0 ra kh\u1ecfi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. Nh\u1eefng h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng ch\u00ednh n\u00e0o c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 x\u1eed l\u00fd d\u1eef li\u1ec7u n\u00e0y?<\/li>\n
      • T\u1ea1o c\u00e1c n\u00fat m\u1edbi:<\/strong> Thay th\u1ebf h\u00ecnh tr\u00f2n trung t\u00e2m duy nh\u1ea5t t\u1eeb s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh b\u1eb1ng nhi\u1ec1u n\u00fat qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh.<\/li>\n
      • B\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3 c\u00e1c lu\u1ed3ng n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9:<\/strong> V\u1ebd c\u00e1c m\u0169i t\u00ean k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i c\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh m\u1edbi v\u1edbi nhau. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y cho th\u1ea5y c\u00e1ch d\u1eef li\u1ec7u di chuy\u1ec3n b\u00ean trong h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng.<\/li>\n
      • Th\u00eam c\u00e1c kho l\u01b0u tr\u1eef d\u1eef li\u1ec7u:<\/strong> N\u1ebfu b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 quy tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0o c\u1ea7n l\u01b0u tr\u1eef th\u00f4ng tin \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng sau n\u00e0y, h\u00e3y gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng kho l\u01b0u tr\u1eef d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i n\u00f3.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

        \u0110\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng m\u1ecdi m\u0169i t\u00ean r\u1eddi kh\u1ecfi m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 trong s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 B\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh v\u1eabn xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n trong s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 M\u1ee9c 0, nh\u01b0ng gi\u1edd \u0111\u00e2y ch\u00fang c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c quy tr\u00ecnh n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9 kh\u00e1c nhau.<\/p>\n

        B\u01b0\u1edbc 3: Chi ti\u1ebft h\u00f3a c\u00e1c quy tr\u00ecnh con<\/h3>\n

        \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 M\u1ee9c 1<\/strong>. B\u1ea1n ch\u1ecdn m\u1ed9t quy tr\u00ecnh t\u1eeb M\u1ee9c 0 v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch s\u00e2u h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n

          \n
        • T\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t n\u00fat:<\/strong> Ch\u1ecdn m\u1ed9t quy tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p t\u1eeb M\u1ee9c 0. Kh\u00f4ng m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t l\u00fac.<\/li>\n
        • Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch logic:<\/strong> Chia quy tr\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c b\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1ecf, nguy\u00ean t\u1eed. M\u1ed9t quy tr\u00ecnh n\u00ean \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee9c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 trong m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u.<\/li>\n
        • X\u00e1c minh \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u ra:<\/strong> \u0110\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o c\u00e1c quy tr\u00ecnh con m\u1edbi ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn c\u00f9ng c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o v\u00e0 t\u1ea1o ra c\u00f9ng c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea7u ra nh\u01b0 quy tr\u00ecnh cha. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

          \ud83e\udde0 Quy \u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1eb7t t\u00ean v\u00e0 c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t<\/h2>\n

          M\u1ed9t s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 s\u1ebd v\u00f4 d\u1ee5ng n\u1ebfu nh\u00e3n c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 m\u01a1 h\u1ed3. C\u00e1c quy \u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1eb7t t\u00ean r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng gi\u00fap tr\u00e1nh nh\u1ea7m l\u1eabn trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh xem x\u00e9t v\u00e0 tri\u1ec3n khai.<\/p>\n

          T\u00ean quy tr\u00ecnh<\/h3>\n

          T\u00ean quy tr\u00ecnh n\u00ean tu\u00e2n theo c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1eeb-danh t\u1eeb. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y l\u00e0m r\u00f5 h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111ang di\u1ec5n ra.<\/p>\n

            \n
          • T\u1ed1t:<\/strong> \u201cX\u00e1c th\u1ef1c \u0111\u0103ng nh\u1eadp ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng\u201d, \u201cT\u00ednh t\u1ed5ng h\u00f3a \u0111\u01a1n\u201d, \u201cL\u01b0u h\u1ed3 s\u01a1 kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng\u201d.<\/li>\n
          • X\u1ea5u:<\/strong> \u201c\u0110\u0103ng nh\u1eadp\u201d, \u201cT\u1ed5ng\u201d, \u201cKh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng\u201d.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

            Tr\u00e1nh d\u00f9ng c\u00e1c t\u00ean chung chung nh\u01b0 \u201cQuy tr\u00ecnh 1\u201d tr\u1eeb khi b\u1ea1n \u0111ang \u1edf giai \u0111o\u1ea1n ph\u00e1c th\u1ea3o r\u1ea5t s\u1edbm. Nh\u1eefng t\u00ean c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 s\u1ebd h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 vi\u1ec7c hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n

            T\u00ean lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u<\/h3>\n

            M\u0169i t\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho d\u1eef li\u1ec7u, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng. \u0110\u1eb7t nh\u00e3n cho ch\u00fang b\u1eb1ng t\u00ean g\u00f3i d\u1eef li\u1ec7u.<\/p>\n

              \n
            • T\u1ed1t:<\/strong> \u201cChi ti\u1ebft \u0111\u01a1n h\u00e0ng\u201d, \u201cX\u00e1c nh\u1eadn thanh to\u00e1n\u201d, \u201cB\u00e1o c\u00e1o t\u1ed3n kho\u201d.<\/li>\n
            • X\u1ea5u:<\/strong> \u201cG\u1eedi\u201d, \u201cNh\u1eadn\u201d, \u201cX\u1eed l\u00fd\u201d.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

              T\u00ean kho d\u1eef li\u1ec7u<\/h3>\n

              Ch\u00fang n\u00ean ch\u1ec9 ra n\u1ed9i dung \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0u tr\u1eef.<\/p>\n

                \n
              • T\u1ed1t:<\/strong> \u201cNg\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng\u201d, \u201cS\u1ed5 b\u00e1n h\u00e0ng\u201d, \u201cDanh m\u1ee5c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m\u201d.<\/li>\n
              • X\u1ea5u:<\/strong> \u201cB\u1ea3ng 1\u201d, \u201cCSDL\u201d, \u201cT\u1ec7p tin\u201d.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                \u2705 X\u00e1c minh v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m tra l\u1ed7i<\/h2>\n

                Sau khi ph\u00e1c th\u1ea3o, h\u00e3y xem x\u00e9t s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 theo c\u00e1c quy t\u1eafc chu\u1ea9n \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o t\u00ednh to\u00e0n v\u1eb9n. M\u1ed9t s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 DFD h\u1ee3p l\u1ec7 ph\u1ea3i tu\u00e2n theo c\u00e1c r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c logic c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3.<\/p>\n

                C\u00e1c quy t\u1eafc v\u00e0ng c\u1ee7a s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u<\/h3>\n
                  \n
                1. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 lu\u1ed3ng tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3:<\/strong>D\u1eef li\u1ec7u kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111i tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp gi\u1eefa hai th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i. N\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i \u0111i qua h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng (\u00edt nh\u1ea5t m\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh) tr\u01b0\u1edbc.<\/li>\n
                2. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u:<\/strong>M\u1ecdi k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ec1u ph\u1ea3i mang theo d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. C\u00e1c t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n (nh\u01b0 \u201cnh\u1ea5p v\u00e0o \u0111\u00e2y\u201d) kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n trong s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 DFD chu\u1ea9n.<\/li>\n
                3. K\u1ebft n\u1ed1i kho d\u1eef li\u1ec7u:<\/strong>B\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 v\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1eb3ng tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp gi\u1eefa m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t kho d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. D\u1eef li\u1ec7u ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u1eed l\u00fd tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi l\u01b0u tr\u1eef ho\u1eb7c truy xu\u1ea5t.<\/li>\n
                4. D\u00f2ng v\u00e0o\/ra c\u1ee7a qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh:<\/strong>M\u1ecdi qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec1u ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 \u00edt nh\u1ea5t m\u1ed9t lu\u1ed3ng v\u00e0o v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t lu\u1ed3ng ra. M\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 t\u1ef1 t\u1ea1o d\u1eef li\u1ec7u t\u1eeb kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed, c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ti\u00eau th\u1ee5 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng t\u1ea1o ra b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 th\u1ee9 g\u00ec.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                  Nh\u1eefng sai l\u1ea7m ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn c\u1ea7n tr\u00e1nh<\/h3>\n

                  Ngay c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch c\u00f3 kinh nghi\u1ec7m c\u0169ng m\u1eafc sai l\u1ea7m trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a ban \u0111\u1ea7u. H\u00e3y c\u1ea3nh gi\u00e1c v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng l\u1ed7i ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn n\u00e0y:<\/p>\n

                    \n
                  • H\u1ed1 \u0111en:<\/strong> M\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea7u ra. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y ng\u1ee5 \u00fd r\u1eb1ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111ang bi\u1ebfn m\u1ea5t.<\/li>\n
                  • Nh\u1eefng ph\u00e9p m\u00e0u:<\/strong> M\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea7u ra nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y ng\u1ee5 \u00fd r\u1eb1ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch th\u1ea7n k\u1ef3.<\/li>\n
                  • H\u1ed1 x\u00e1m:<\/strong> M\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea7u ra \u00edt d\u1eef li\u1ec7u h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o, nh\u01b0ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u b\u1ecb thi\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch \u1edf n\u01a1i kh\u00e1c.<\/li>\n
                  • Ph\u00e2n r\u00e3 m\u1ea5t c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng:<\/strong> Khi ph\u00e2n t\u00edch m\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh, c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u ra c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh con kh\u00f4ng kh\u1edbp v\u1edbi qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh cha.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                    \ud83d\udd04 Tinh ch\u1ec9nh l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i<\/h2>\n

                    Vi\u1ec7c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 DFD hi\u1ebfm khi l\u00e0 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh tinh ch\u1ec9nh l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i. B\u1ea3n nh\u00e1p \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn s\u1ebd c\u00f3 kho\u1ea3ng tr\u1ed1ng ho\u1eb7c l\u1ed7i. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y l\u00e0 b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/p>\n

                    V\u00f2ng ki\u1ec3m tra 1:<\/strong> Ki\u1ec3m tra t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7. Li\u1ec7u t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n ch\u01b0a? Li\u1ec7u m\u1ed7i ngu\u1ed3n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ebfn kh\u00f4ng?<\/p>\n

                    V\u00f2ng ki\u1ec3m tra 2:<\/strong>Ki\u1ec3m tra t\u00ednh r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng. Li\u1ec7u m\u1ed9t th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean m\u1edbi trong nh\u00f3m c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 xem x\u00e9t v\u00e0 hi\u1ec3u lu\u1ed3ng m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1eb7t c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi kh\u00f4ng?<\/p>\n

                    V\u00f2ng ki\u1ec3m tra 3:<\/strong>Ki\u1ec3m tra t\u00ednh nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n. C\u00e1c t\u00ean c\u00f3 kh\u1edbp nhau \u1edf c\u00e1c m\u1ee9c kh\u00e1c nhau c\u1ee7a s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 kh\u00f4ng? N\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201cTh\u00f4ng tin kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng\u201d \u1edf M\u1ee9c 0, th\u00ec n\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n \u1edf M\u1ee9c 1, tr\u1eeb khi n\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3.<\/p>\n

                    \u0110\u1eebng v\u1ed9i v\u00e0ng ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3. H\u00e3y d\u00e0nh th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn ph\u1ea3n h\u1ed3i t\u1eeb c\u00e1c b\u00ean li\u00ean quan. Nh\u1eadp li\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd th\u01b0\u1eddng ti\u1ebft l\u1ed9 c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u d\u1eef li\u1ec7u ho\u1eb7c quy tr\u00ecnh \u1ea9n m\u00e0 b\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecf qua.<\/p>\n

                    \ud83d\udcca Tr\u1ef1c quan h\u00f3a \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p<\/h2>\n

                    Khi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, m\u1ed9t trang duy nh\u1ea5t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee7. B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ea7n qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd nhi\u1ec1u s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3. D\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c ch\u00fang m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch h\u1ee3p l\u00fd.<\/p>\n

                      \n
                    • M\u1ee9c 0:<\/strong>S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n ranh gi\u1edbi c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng.<\/li>\n
                    • M\u1ee9c 1:<\/strong>C\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng con ch\u00ednh ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c khu v\u1ef1c ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng.<\/li>\n
                    • M\u1ee9c 2:<\/strong>Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch chi ti\u1ebft c\u00e1c quy tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                      S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng tham chi\u1ebfu ch\u00e9o. N\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t quy tr\u00ecnh \u1edf M\u1ee9c 1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng \u1edf M\u1ee9c 2, h\u00e3y \u0111\u00e1nh d\u1ea5u quy tr\u00ecnh cha \u1edf M\u1ee9c 1 b\u1eb1ng m\u00e3 tham chi\u1ebfu (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: \u201cXem S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 2.3\u201d). \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y gi\u00fap c\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 d\u1ec5 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng m\u1ea5t chi ti\u1ebft.<\/p>\n

                      \ud83d\udee1\ufe0f C\u00e1c c\u00e2n nh\u1eafc v\u1ec1 b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt v\u00e0 quy\u1ec1n ri\u00eang t\u01b0 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u<\/h2>\n

                      Khi m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u, b\u1ea1n c\u0169ng \u0111ang ng\u1ea7m m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb m\u00e3 h\u00f3a hay c\u00e1c giao th\u1ee9c x\u00e1c th\u1ef1c, nh\u01b0ng n\u00f3 l\u1ea1i th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n s\u1ef1 di chuy\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a d\u1eef li\u1ec7u nh\u1ea1y c\u1ea3m.<\/p>\n

                      N\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u ch\u1ee9a Th\u00f4ng tin nh\u1eadn d\u1ea1ng c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n (PII) ho\u1eb7c d\u1eef li\u1ec7u t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh, h\u00e3y ghi ch\u00fa \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y trong ch\u00fa th\u00edch ho\u1eb7c nh\u00e3n. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, \u0111\u00e1nh nh\u00e3n m\u1ed9t lu\u1ed3ng l\u00e0 \u201cD\u1eef li\u1ec7u thanh to\u00e1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00e3 h\u00f3a\u201d. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y nh\u1eafc nh\u1edf c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng cho k\u00eanh c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n

                      \ud83d\ude80 Ti\u1ebfn b\u01b0\u1edbc v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda tr\u01b0\u1edbc<\/h2>\n

                      M\u1ed9t khi s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn, n\u00f3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh b\u1ea3n v\u1ebd thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf cho qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n. N\u00f3 h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u, \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a API v\u00e0 b\u1ed1 tr\u00ed giao di\u1ec7n ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng. N\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ban \u0111\u1ea7u.<\/p>\n

                      H\u00e3y nh\u1edb r\u1eb1ng c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 th\u1ee9 y\u1ebfu so v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft. D\u00f9 b\u1ea1n d\u00f9ng b\u1ea3ng tr\u1eafng k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt s\u1ed1 hay b\u00fat v\u00e0 gi\u1ea5y, logic v\u1eabn nh\u01b0 nhau. Gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb n\u1eb1m \u1edf s\u1ef1 r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng trong t\u01b0 duy m\u00e0 b\u1ea1n mang \u0111\u1ebfn c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng.<\/p>\n

                      B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch tu\u00e2n theo c\u00e1c b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00eau \u1edf tr\u00ean, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u1ea5p chuy\u00ean nghi\u1ec7p, ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u tham kh\u1ea3o \u0111\u00e1ng tin c\u1eady cho \u0111\u1ed9i ng\u0169 d\u1ef1 \u00e1n c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n. B\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u nh\u1ecf, x\u00e1c minh th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean v\u00e0 tinh ch\u1ec9nh li\u00ean t\u1ee5c. C\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn c\u00f3 k\u1ef7 lu\u1eadt n\u00e0y d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

                      Vi\u1ec7c t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n tr\u1ef1c quan v\u1ec1 c\u00e1ch th\u00f4ng tin di chuy\u1ec3n qua m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng l\u00e0 k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch, nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u00e0 c\u00e1c b\u00ean li\u00ean quan kinh doanh. S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u, th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 DFD, ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 \u0111\u00fang m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch n\u00e0y. N\u00f3 m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i, c\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c kho l\u01b0u tr\u1eef d\u1eef li\u1ec7u m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng nh\u1ea5t thi\u1ebft ph\u1ea3i chi ti\u1ebft h\u00f3a logic hay th\u1eddi gian c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3. H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn n\u00e0y cung c\u1ea5p m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn c\u00f3 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 DFD ban \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3. Nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y lo l\u1eafng khi v\u1ebd s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3, s\u1ee3 r\u1eb1ng n\u00f3 \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p ho\u1eb7c m\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u th\u1eddi gian. Tuy nhi\u00ean, c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i c\u1ee7a m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u l\u00e0 kh\u00e1 \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n. V\u1edbi s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn c\u00f3 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u00e1c th\u1ea3o m\u1ed9t s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng trong th\u1eddi gian ng\u1eafn. B\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y s\u1ebd d\u1eabn d\u1eaft b\u1ea1n qua c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft y\u1ebfu, quy tr\u00ecnh x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng t\u1eebng b\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ki\u1ec3m tra x\u00e1c minh c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c. \ud83d\udccb Hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i Tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi v\u1ebd c\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng, \u0111i\u1ec1u quan tr\u1ecdng l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i hi\u1ec3u DFD \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng. N\u00f3 t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng l\u00e0m ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c n\u00f3 l\u00e0m nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o. Kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 l\u01b0u \u0111\u1ed3, v\u1ed1n theo d\u00f5i c\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 tr\u00ecnh t\u1ef1 logic, DFD theo d\u00f5i s\u1ef1 di chuy\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c g\u00f3i d\u1eef li\u1ec7u t\u1eeb ngu\u1ed3n \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00edch. Nh\u1eefng l\u1ee3i \u00edch ch\u00ednh khi s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a n\u00e0y bao g\u1ed3m: R\u00f5 r\u00e0ng: N\u00f3 \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n h\u00f3a c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p th\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng ph\u1ea7n d\u1ec5 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd. Giao ti\u1ebfp: N\u00f3 t\u1ea1o ra s\u1ef1 k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9i k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt v\u00e0 c\u00e1c b\u00ean li\u00ean quan kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt. Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch: N\u00f3 gi\u00fap x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o d\u1eef li\u1ec7u b\u1ecb thi\u1ebfu ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c quy tr\u00ecnh tr\u00f9ng l\u1eb7p. T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u: N\u00f3 \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 l\u00e0 t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u l\u01b0u tr\u1eef l\u00e2u d\u00e0i v\u1ec1 ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. Khi b\u1ea1n b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u b\u00e0i t\u1eadp n\u00e0y, h\u00e3y lu\u00f4n gi\u1eef m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau trong t\u00e2m tr\u00ed: \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1ef1c quan h\u00f3a ranh gi\u1edbi v\u00e0 c\u00e1c t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n. B\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m chuy\u00ean s\u00e2u \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u. M\u1ed9t b\u1ea3ng tr\u1eafng, m\u1ed9t t\u1edd gi\u1ea5y v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e2y b\u00fat l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o b\u1ea3n ph\u00e1c th\u1ea3o ban \u0111\u1ea7u. \ud83d\udee0\ufe0f C\u00e1c k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u v\u00e0 k\u00fd ph\u00e1p thi\u1ebft y\u1ebfu C\u00e1c DFD d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ed3 h\u1ecda chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t trong k\u00fd ph\u00e1p (v\u00ed d\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 Yourdon\/DeMarco so v\u1edbi Gane\/Sarson), nh\u01b0ng c\u00e1c kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng v\u1eabn gi\u1eef nguy\u00ean. D\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch v\u1ec1 b\u1ed1n th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n ch\u00ednh b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd g\u1eb7p ph\u1ea3i. Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n H\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng M\u00f4 t\u1ea3 Th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i H\u00ecnh ch\u1eef nh\u1eadt ho\u1eb7c h\u00ecnh vu\u00f4ng Ngu\u1ed3n ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u00edch c\u1ee7a d\u1eef li\u1ec7u b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng, m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng kh\u00e1c). Quy tr\u00ecnh H\u00ecnh ch\u1eef nh\u1eadt tr\u00f2n ho\u1eb7c h\u00ecnh tr\u00f2n Chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o th\u00e0nh d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ea7u ra. N\u00f3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i d\u1ea1ng th\u1ee9c ho\u1eb7c n\u1ed9i dung. Kho d\u1eef li\u1ec7u H\u00ecnh ch\u1eef nh\u1eadt h\u1edf ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng song song M\u1ed9t kho ch\u1ee9a n\u01a1i d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0u tr\u1eef (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u, t\u1ee7 h\u1ed3 s\u01a1). D\u00f2ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u M\u0169i t\u00ean \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i m\u00e0 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u di chuy\u1ec3n gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n. N\u00f3 bi\u1ec3u th\u1ecb s\u1ef1 di chuy\u1ec3n, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng. Hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t n\u00e0y l\u00e0 r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, m\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 \u00edt nh\u1ea5t m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea7u ra. M\u1ed9t kho d\u1eef li\u1ec7u kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i \u0111\u01a1n l\u1ebb; n\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecdc ho\u1eb7c ghi d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. C\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i ranh gi\u1edbi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng, \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 l\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n k\u00edch ho\u1ea1t ho\u1eb7c ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u1eadn. \ud83d\udcdd Quy tr\u00ecnh x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng t\u1eebng b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0110\u1ec3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n trong khung th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t, h\u00e3y tu\u00e2n theo tr\u00ecnh t\u1ef1 h\u1ee3p l\u00fd n\u00e0y. Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o b\u1ea1n x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ranh gi\u1edbi tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi \u0111i s\u00e2u v\u00e0o chi ti\u1ebft. B\u01b0\u1edbc 1: X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh ranh gi\u1edbi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng B\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u b\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh (th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 M\u1ee9c 0). \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 g\u00f3c nh\u00ecn c\u1ea5p cao nh\u1ea5t. N\u00f3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh duy nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 v\u1edbi th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i. X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u00e2m \u0111i\u1ec3m: V\u1ebd m\u1ed9t h\u00ecnh tr\u00f2n ho\u1eb7c h\u00ecnh ch\u1eef nh\u1eadt bo tr\u00f2n duy nh\u1ea5t \u1edf trung t\u00e2m khu v\u1ef1c l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n. G\u1eafn nh\u00e3n cho n\u00f3 b\u1eb1ng t\u00ean h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng m\u00e0 b\u1ea1n \u0111ang m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a. X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i: V\u1ebd c\u00e1c h\u00ecnh h\u1ed9p xung quanh vi\u1ec1n ngo\u00e0i. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng, t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c ho\u1eb7c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c v\u1edbi qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh trung t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n. V\u1ebd c\u00e1c m\u0169i t\u00ean: K\u1ebft n\u1ed1i c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 v\u1edbi qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh trung t\u00e2m. G\u1eafn nh\u00e3n m\u1ed7i m\u0169i t\u00ean v\u1edbi d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trao \u0111\u1ed5i. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, trong m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng th\u01b0 vi\u1ec7n, \u201cNg\u01b0\u1eddi m\u01b0\u1ee3n\u201d l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3. Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u201cC\u1ea5p ph\u00e1t s\u00e1ch\u201d l\u00e0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. D\u00f2ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 \u201cY\u00eau c\u1ea7u m\u01b0\u1ee3n\u201d ho\u1eb7c \u201cChi ti\u1ebft s\u00e1ch\u201d. B\u01b0\u1edbc 2: Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh trung t\u00e2m Sau khi b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh, b\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh trung t\u00e2m duy nh\u1ea5t th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh con. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 M\u1ee9c 0. X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng ch\u00ednh: H\u00e3y xem<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":4259,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_yoast_wpseo_title":"L\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n trong d\u01b0\u1edbi 15 ph\u00fat","_yoast_wpseo_metadesc":"H\u1ecdc c\u00e1ch t\u1ea1o s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u nhanh ch\u00f3ng. 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