{"id":4254,"date":"2026-03-23T14:03:51","date_gmt":"2026-03-23T14:03:51","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.diagrams-ai.com\/vn\/common-dfd-mistakes-that-break-your-system-models\/"},"modified":"2026-03-23T14:03:51","modified_gmt":"2026-03-23T14:03:51","slug":"common-dfd-mistakes-that-break-your-system-models","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.diagrams-ai.com\/vn\/common-dfd-mistakes-that-break-your-system-models\/","title":{"rendered":"Nh\u1eefng sai l\u1ea7m ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn trong DFD khi\u1ebfn m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n b\u1ecb h\u1ecfng \u2013 V\u00e0 c\u00e1ch tr\u00e1nh ch\u00fang"},"content":{"rendered":"

Vi\u1ec7c t\u1ea1o s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u (DFD) l\u00e0 b\u01b0\u1edbc quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u c\u00e1ch th\u00f4ng tin di chuy\u1ec3n qua h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. Nh\u1eefng s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 n\u00e0y \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 nh\u01b0 b\u1ea3n v\u1ebd thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf cho c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, c\u00e1c b\u00ean li\u00ean quan v\u00e0 nh\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch. Tuy nhi\u00ean, m\u1ed9t m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng k\u00e9m c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 nh\u1ea7m l\u1eabn, l\u1ed7i ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. Khi lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u b\u1ecb m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 sai, logic c\u1ee7a to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng tr\u1edf n\u00ean \u0111\u00e1ng nghi ng\u1edd. H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn n\u00e0y kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 nh\u1eefng l\u1ed7i th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p trong DFD v\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p c\u00e1c chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1ng tin c\u1eady \u0111\u1ec3 kh\u1eafc ph\u1ee5c ch\u00fang.<\/p>\n

Nhi\u1ec1u nh\u00f3m v\u1ed9i v\u00e0ng trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a, cho r\u1eb1ng bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n tr\u1ef1c quan l\u00e0 th\u1ee9 y\u1ebfu so v\u1edbi m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n. C\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn n\u00e0y l\u00e0 sai l\u1ea7m. M\u1ed9t DFD x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh logic tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi vi\u1ebft b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 d\u00f2ng m\u00e3 n\u00e0o. N\u1ebfu s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 b\u1ecb l\u1ed7i, ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean n\u00f3 s\u1ebd k\u1ebf th\u1eeba nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec3m y\u1ebfu c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac \u0111\u00f3. Ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd xem x\u00e9t c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i sai l\u1ea7m c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m suy y\u1ebfu t\u00ednh to\u00e0n v\u1eb9n c\u1ee7a m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0a ra c\u00e1c con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ec3 kh\u1eafc ph\u1ee5c.<\/p>\n

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\"Whimsical<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n

1. Nh\u1eefng l\u1ed7i trong s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh \ud83c\udf0d<\/h2>\n

S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh l\u00e0 g\u00f3c nh\u00ecn c\u1ea5p cao nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. N\u00f3 bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh duy nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0 cho th\u1ea5y c\u00e1ch h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c v\u1edbi th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i. Nh\u1eefng l\u1ed7i \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y s\u1ebd t\u1ea1o n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng x\u1ea5u cho t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 ti\u1ebfp theo.<\/p>\n

Thi\u1ebfu c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i<\/h3>\n

C\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng, c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng kh\u00e1c ho\u1eb7c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c v\u1edbi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n. M\u1ed9t sai l\u1ea7m ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn l\u00e0 b\u1ecf s\u00f3t m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 quan tr\u1ecdng. N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n qu\u00ean m\u1ed9t nh\u00f3m ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng ho\u1eb7c m\u1ed9t API b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i, y\u00eau c\u1ea7u s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7.<\/p>\n

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  • T\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng:<\/strong>C\u00e1c t\u00ednh n\u0103ng quan tr\u1ecdng b\u1ecb b\u1ecf s\u00f3t trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n.<\/li>\n
  • S\u1eeda ch\u1eefa:<\/strong>Ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh ph\u1ecfng v\u1ea5n c\u00e1c b\u00ean li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ecdi ngu\u1ed3n v\u00e0 \u0111\u00edch c\u1ee7a d\u1eef li\u1ec7u.<\/li>\n
  • Danh s\u00e1ch ki\u1ec3m tra:<\/strong>Li\u1ec7t k\u00ea m\u1ecdi t\u00e1c nh\u00e2n tham gia v\u00e0o h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi v\u1ebd h\u00ecnh tr\u00f2n (bong b\u00f3ng).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

    Bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi kh\u00f4ng r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng<\/h3>\n

    Bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng. \u0110\u00f4i khi, c\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1ebd b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0ng l\u1ea1i thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 b\u00ean trong, ho\u1eb7c ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y t\u1ea1o ra s\u1ef1 m\u01a1 h\u1ed3 v\u1ec1 n\u01a1i n\u00e0o n\u1eb1m tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m.<\/p>\n

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    • T\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng:<\/strong>C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng t\u00ednh n\u0103ng n\u1eb1m ngo\u00e0i ph\u1ea1m vi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ef1 ki\u1ebfn.<\/li>\n
    • S\u1eeda ch\u1eefa:<\/strong>\u0110\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o m\u1ecdi qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh b\u00ean trong h\u00ecnh tr\u00f2n b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh \u0111\u1ec1u thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. M\u1ecdi th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i.<\/li>\n
    • Danh s\u00e1ch ki\u1ec3m tra:<\/strong>H\u1ecfi: \u201cQu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y c\u00f3 ch\u1ea1y b\u00ean trong ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta hay b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i?\u201d<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

      2. L\u1ed7i \u0111\u1eb7t t\u00ean qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh v\u00e0 sai s\u00f3t v\u1ec1 logic \ud83e\udde0<\/h2>\n

      C\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. Ch\u00fang l\u00e0 c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed9ng trong s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3. Vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1eb7t t\u00ean v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a c\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y sai l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng l\u1ed7i g\u00e2y h\u1ea1i nh\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n

      Vi ph\u1ea1m quy t\u1eafc \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1eeb – danh t\u1eeb<\/h3>\n

      T\u00ean qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh n\u00ean tu\u00e2n theo c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1eeb – danh t\u1eeb. M\u1ed9t t\u00ean nh\u01b0 \u201cSales\u201d l\u00e0 danh t\u1eeb. M\u1ed9t t\u00ean nh\u01b0 \u201cCalculate Sales\u201d l\u00e0 c\u1ee5m \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1eeb – danh t\u1eeb. S\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t n\u00e0y l\u00e0m r\u00f5 h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111ang di\u1ec5n ra l\u00e0 g\u00ec.<\/p>\n

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      • T\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng:<\/strong>Y\u00eau c\u1ea7u m\u01a1 h\u1ed3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c tri\u1ec3n khai kh\u00f4ng nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n.<\/li>\n
      • S\u1eeda ch\u1eefa:<\/strong>Xem x\u00e9t l\u1ea1i m\u1ecdi nh\u00e3n qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh. N\u00f3 c\u00f3 m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 m\u1ed9t h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng tr\u00ean d\u1eef li\u1ec7u kh\u00f4ng?<\/li>\n
      • Danh s\u00e1ch ki\u1ec3m tra:<\/strong>N\u1ebfu t\u00ean l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t danh t\u1eeb duy nh\u1ea5t, h\u00e3y th\u00eam m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1eeb.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

        C\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ph\u00e9p thu\u1eadt<\/h3>\n

        M\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ph\u00e9p thu\u1eadt l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea7u ra, ho\u1eb7c c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea7u ra nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o. N\u00f3 t\u1ea1o ra d\u1eef li\u1ec7u t\u1eeb kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 g\u00ec ho\u1eb7c ti\u00eau th\u1ee5 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng tr\u1ea3 v\u1ec1 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3.<\/p>\n

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        • T\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng:<\/strong>T\u00ednh to\u00e0n v\u1eb9n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u b\u1ecb \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng. Logic h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c thi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/li>\n
        • S\u1eeda ch\u1eefa:<\/strong>M\u1ecdi qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec1u ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 \u00edt nh\u1ea5t m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea7u ra.<\/li>\n
        • Danh s\u00e1ch ki\u1ec3m tra:<\/strong>Theo d\u00f5i t\u1eebng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i v\u00e0o v\u00e0 ra kh\u1ecfi h\u00ecnh tr\u00f2n. C\u00f3 s\u1ef1 c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng kh\u00f4ng?<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

          V\u00f9ng \u0111en<\/h3>\n

          V\u00f9ng \u0111en x\u1ea3y ra khi d\u1eef li\u1ec7u ch\u1ea3y v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u n\u00e0o ch\u1ea3y ra. Th\u00f4ng tin bi\u1ebfn m\u1ea5t v\u00e0o kho\u1ea3ng tr\u1ed1ng v\u00f4 h\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n

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          • T\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng:<\/strong>D\u1eef li\u1ec7u quan tr\u1ecdng b\u1ecb m\u1ea5t, d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn l\u1ed7i h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ho\u1eb7c th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i trong ki\u1ec3m to\u00e1n.<\/li>\n
          • S\u1eeda ch\u1eefa:<\/strong>\u0110\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng m\u1ecdi \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ea7u ra m\u1edbi ho\u1eb7c d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0u tr\u1eef.<\/li>\n
          • Danh s\u00e1ch ki\u1ec3m tra:<\/strong>X\u00e1c minh r\u1eb1ng h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ghi nh\u1eadn t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 th\u00f4ng tin \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

            S\u1ef1 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t<\/h3>\n

            \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi v\u00f9ng \u0111en. D\u1eef li\u1ec7u xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n t\u1eeb nowhere m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y ng\u1ee5 \u00fd r\u1eb1ng h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng t\u1ea1o ra th\u00f4ng tin m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c.<\/p>\n

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            • T\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng:<\/strong>M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh d\u1eef li\u1ec7u kh\u00f4ng nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n v\u1edbi th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf kinh doanh.<\/li>\n
            • S\u1eeda ch\u1eefa:<\/strong>T\u00ecm ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a t\u1eebng lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. N\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ho\u1eb7c m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3.<\/li>\n
            • Danh s\u00e1ch ki\u1ec3m tra:<\/strong>\u0110\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o m\u1ecdi m\u0169i t\u00ean \u0111\u1ea7u ra \u0111\u1ec1u b\u1eaft ngu\u1ed3n t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t ph\u00e9p bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

              3. V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u1ec1 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i \ud83d\udd04<\/h2>\n

              C\u00e1c m\u0169i t\u00ean trong s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho s\u1ef1 di chuy\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. C\u00e1ch v\u1ebd v\u00e0 g\u00e1n nh\u00e3n c\u00e1c m\u0169i t\u00ean n\u00e0y l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u h\u00e0nh vi c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng.<\/p>\n

              C\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u00e9o nhau<\/h3>\n

              Khi c\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u ch\u00e9o nhau m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 n\u00fat giao nhau, s\u1ebd t\u1ea1o ra s\u1ef1 l\u1ed9n x\u1ed9n v\u1ec1 h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh v\u00e0 g\u00e2y nh\u1ea7m l\u1eabn. Kh\u00f4ng r\u00f5 li\u1ec7u d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u00f3 h\u1ee3p nh\u1ea5t hay ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n \u0111i qua.<\/p>\n

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              • T\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng:<\/strong>Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 g\u1eb7p kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n khi theo d\u00f5i lu\u1ed3ng th\u00f4ng tin.<\/li>\n
              • S\u1eeda ch\u1eefa:<\/strong>S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u1ea7u n\u1ed1i ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh giao nhau. N\u1ebfu c\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng giao nhau, h\u00e3y \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t n\u00fat ch\u1ec9 ra s\u1ef1 g\u1ed9p l\u1ea1i.<\/li>\n
              • Danh s\u00e1ch ki\u1ec3m tra:<\/strong>\u0110\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n h\u00f3a b\u1ed1 c\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng giao nhau c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                L\u1ed7i kho d\u1eef li\u1ec7u<\/h3>\n

                Kho d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho nh\u1eefng n\u01a1i th\u00f4ng tin \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0u tr\u1eef. M\u1ed9t sai l\u1ea7m ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn l\u00e0 k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u1edbi kho m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh trung gian.<\/p>\n

                  \n
                • T\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng:<\/strong>\u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y ng\u1ee5 \u00fd r\u1eb1ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ecdc tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n logic.<\/li>\n
                • S\u1eeda ch\u1eefa:<\/strong>M\u1ecdi k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ebfn kho d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ec1u ph\u1ea3i \u0111i qua m\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh. M\u1ed9t kho kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 ho\u1eb7c m\u1ed9t kho kh\u00e1c.<\/li>\n
                • Danh s\u00e1ch ki\u1ec3m tra:<\/strong>\u0110\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o m\u1ecdi h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u01b0u tr\u1eef \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trung gian b\u1edfi m\u1ed9t ph\u00e9p bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                  Lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u treo<\/h3>\n

                  M\u1ed9t lu\u1ed3ng treo l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t m\u0169i t\u00ean k\u1ebft th\u00fac gi\u1eefa kh\u00f4ng trung. N\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i v\u1edbi qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh, th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 hay kho n\u00e0o.<\/p>\n

                    \n
                  • T\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng:<\/strong>S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 kh\u00f4ng ho\u00e0n ch\u1ec9nh v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng h\u1ee3p l\u1ec7.<\/li>\n
                  • S\u1eeda ch\u1eefa:<\/strong>M\u1ecdi m\u0169i t\u00ean \u0111\u1ec1u ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec3m b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec3m k\u1ebft th\u00fac \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng.<\/li>\n
                  • Danh s\u00e1ch ki\u1ec3m tra:<\/strong>Th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n ki\u1ec3m tra k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i tr\u00ean to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                    4. Sai l\u1ea7m khi ph\u00e2n c\u1ea5p v\u00e0 c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng \u2696\ufe0f<\/h2>\n

                    C\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia nh\u1ecf th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 c\u1ea5p th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 ph\u00e2n c\u1ea5p. C\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u ra v\u1eabn nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c c\u1ea5p.<\/p>\n

                    C\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o – \u0111\u1ea7u ra kh\u00f4ng h\u1ee3p l\u00fd<\/h3>\n

                    Khi ph\u00e2n t\u00edch m\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh c\u1ea5p cao th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh c\u1ea5p th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n, t\u1ed5ng \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u ra c\u1ee7a c\u1ea5p con ph\u1ea3i kh\u1edbp v\u1edbi c\u1ea5p cha.<\/p>\n

                      \n
                    • T\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng:<\/strong>Y\u00eau c\u1ea7u b\u1ecb l\u1ec7ch gi\u1eefa thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf v\u00e0 tri\u1ec3n khai.<\/li>\n
                    • S\u1eeda ch\u1eefa:<\/strong>Li\u00ean k\u1ebft m\u1ed7i \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o t\u1eeb c\u1ea5p cha v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 trong s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 c\u1ea5p con.<\/li>\n
                    • Danh s\u00e1ch ki\u1ec3m tra:<\/strong> So s\u00e1nh c\u00e1c m\u0169i t\u00ean \u0111i v\u00e0o v\u00e0 \u0111i ra kh\u1ecfi bong b\u00f3ng cha v\u1edbi s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 con.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                      Qu\u00e1 Nhi\u1ec1u Quy Tr\u00ecnh<\/h3>\n

                      Vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1eb7t qu\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u quy tr\u00ecnh trong m\u1ed9t s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 khi\u1ebfn n\u00f3 kh\u00f3 \u0111\u1ecdc. V\u1ec1 l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng, m\u1ed9t s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 n\u00ean t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng ho\u1eb7c m\u00f4-\u0111un c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3.<\/p>\n

                        \n
                      • T\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng:<\/strong>Qu\u00e1 t\u1ea3i nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c cho c\u00e1c b\u00ean li\u00ean quan.<\/li>\n
                      • S\u1eeda ch\u1eefa:<\/strong>H\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng quy tr\u00ecnh tr\u00ean m\u1ed7i s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3. Chia logic ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 con.<\/li>\n
                      • Danh s\u00e1ch ki\u1ec3m tra:<\/strong>H\u1ecfi: \u201cLi\u1ec7u s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 n\u00e0y c\u00f3 \u0111ang bao qu\u00e1t qu\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 kh\u00f4ng?\u201d<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                        T\u00ean G\u1ecdi Kh\u00f4ng Nh\u1ea5t Qu\u00e1n<\/h3>\n

                        T\u00ean quy tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ea3i gi\u1eef nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n \u1edf c\u00e1c c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9. N\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t quy tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t t\u00ean l\u00e0 \u201cX\u00e1c th\u1ef1c Ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng\u201d \u1edf c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 0, th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean \u0111\u1ed5i t\u00ean \u1edf c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 1.<\/p>\n

                          \n
                        • T\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng:<\/strong>S\u1ef1 nh\u1ea7m l\u1eabn trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh g\u1ee1 l\u1ed7i v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec.<\/li>\n
                        • S\u1eeda ch\u1eefa:<\/strong>Duy tr\u00ec m\u1ed9t t\u1eeb \u0111i\u1ec3n t\u00ean quy tr\u00ecnh v\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean tham kh\u1ea3o n\u00f3.<\/li>\n
                        • Danh s\u00e1ch ki\u1ec3m tra:<\/strong>T\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm c\u00e1c t\u00ean tr\u00f9ng l\u1eb7p nh\u01b0ng mang \u00fd ngh\u0129a kh\u00e1c nhau.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                          5. Chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c Xem x\u00e9t v\u00e0 X\u00e1c nh\u1eadn \ud83d\udd0d<\/h2>\n

                          Vi\u1ec7c t\u1ea1o s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t n\u1eeda cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn. Vi\u1ec7c x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c nhu c\u1ea7u kinh doanh.<\/p>\n

                          C\u00e1c bu\u1ed5i \u0111i d\u1ea1o ki\u1ec3m tra<\/h3>\n

                          M\u1ed9t bu\u1ed5i \u0111i d\u1ea1o ki\u1ec3m tra bao g\u1ed3m vi\u1ec7c \u0111i qua s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 c\u00f9ng c\u00e1c b\u00ean li\u00ean quan. Theo d\u00f5i m\u1ed9t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea7u ra. Li\u1ec7u h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y c\u00f3 h\u1ee3p l\u00fd kh\u00f4ng?<\/p>\n

                            \n
                          • L\u1ee3i \u00edch:<\/strong>Ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n l\u1ed7i logic t\u1eeb s\u1edbm.<\/li>\n
                          • Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p:<\/strong>Ch\u1ecdn m\u1ed9t t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: \u201c\u0110\u0103ng nh\u1eadp Ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng\u201d) v\u00e0 theo d\u00f5i n\u00f3.<\/li>\n
                          • K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3:<\/strong>X\u00e1c nh\u1eadn lu\u1ed3ng logic.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                            Ki\u1ec3m tra t\u00ednh nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n<\/h3>\n

                            \u0110\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng trong t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u y\u00eau c\u1ea7u.<\/p>\n

                              \n
                            • L\u1ee3i \u00edch:<\/strong> \u0110\u1ed3ng b\u1ed9 h\u00f3a thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt v\u1edbi ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef kinh doanh.<\/li>\n
                            • Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p:<\/strong>So s\u00e1nh c\u00e1c thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef trong s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 DFD v\u1edbi t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u y\u00eau c\u1ea7u.<\/li>\n
                            • K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3:<\/strong>Gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u s\u1ef1 m\u01a1 h\u1ed3.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                              T\u00f3m t\u1eaft c\u00e1c l\u1ed7i ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn<\/h2>\n

                              B\u1ea3ng sau t\u00f3m t\u1eaft nh\u1eefng l\u1ed7i nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0 c\u00e1c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p kh\u1eafc ph\u1ee5c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
                              Lo\u1ea1i l\u1ed7i<\/th>\nM\u00f4 t\u1ea3<\/th>\nT\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/th>\nS\u1eeda ch\u1eefa<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
                              Quy tr\u00ecnh ma thu\u1eadt<\/td>\nQuy tr\u00ecnh kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ea7u ra<\/td>\nL\u00f4gic kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 x\u1ea3y ra<\/td>\nTh\u00eam c\u00e1c lu\u1ed3ng b\u1ecb thi\u1ebfu<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                              L\u1ed7 \u0111en<\/td>\nD\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u00e0o nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng ra<\/td>\nM\u1ea5t d\u1eef li\u1ec7u<\/td>\n\u0110\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea7u ra t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                              S\u1ef1 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t<\/td>\nD\u1eef li\u1ec7u xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o<\/td>\nD\u1eef li\u1ec7u kh\u00f4ng nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n<\/td>\nTruy v\u1ebft ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c d\u1eef li\u1ec7u<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                              C\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 kh\u00f4ng h\u1ee3p l\u00fd<\/td>\n\u0110\u1ea7u v\u00e0o c\u1ee7a con kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi cha<\/td>\nS\u1ef1 l\u1ec7ch l\u1ea1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u<\/td>\n\u0110i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh c\u00e1c lu\u1ed3ng<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                              T\u00ean g\u1ecdi kh\u00f4ng r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng<\/td>\nT\u00ean quy tr\u00ecnh ch\u1ec9 g\u1ed3m danh t\u1eeb<\/td>\nS\u1ef1 m\u01a1 h\u1ed3<\/td>\nS\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0110\u1ed9ng t\u1eeb-Danh t\u1eeb<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                              K\u1ebft n\u1ed1i tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp v\u1edbi C\u1eeda h\u00e0ng<\/td>\n\u0110\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i v\u1edbi C\u1eeda h\u00e0ng<\/td>\nL\u1ed7i logic<\/td>\n\u0110i qua Quy tr\u00ecnh<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

                              6. B\u1ea3o tr\u00ec v\u00e0 v\u1ec7 sinh t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u \ud83d\udcdd<\/h2>\n

                              M\u1ed9t khi m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh ho\u00e0n t\u1ea5t, n\u00f3 c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec. C\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, v\u00e0 s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ph\u1ea3i ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n theo ch\u00fang.<\/p>\n

                              Ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n<\/h3>\n

                              Theo d\u00f5i c\u00e1c thay \u0111\u1ed5i tr\u00ean s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3. M\u1ed9t phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n m\u1edbi n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0u m\u1ed7i khi c\u00f3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3.<\/p>\n

                                \n
                              • L\u1ee3i \u00edch:<\/strong>D\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng ho\u00e0n nguy\u00ean n\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t thay \u0111\u1ed5i l\u00e0m h\u1ecfng m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh.<\/li>\n
                              • Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p:<\/strong>S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng t\u00ean t\u1ec7p nh\u01b0 DFD_v1, DFD_v2.<\/li>\n
                              • K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3:<\/strong>L\u1ecbch s\u1eed ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                                Li\u00ean k\u1ebft t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u<\/h3>\n

                                Li\u00ean k\u1ebft s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 v\u1edbi t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u chi ti\u1ebft. M\u1ed9t h\u00ecnh tr\u00f2n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho m\u1ed9t thu\u1eadt to\u00e1n ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p c\u1ea7n b\u1ea3n m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 ri\u00eang.<\/p>\n

                                  \n
                                • L\u1ee3i \u00edch:<\/strong>T\u00e1ch bi\u1ec7t c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 quan t\u00e2m.<\/li>\n
                                • Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p:<\/strong>Th\u00eam c\u00e1c tham chi\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ebfn t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u y\u00eau c\u1ea7u trong ch\u00fa th\u00edch.<\/li>\n
                                • K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3:<\/strong>Ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n v\u1ec1 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                                  Ki\u1ec3m to\u00e1n \u0111\u1ecbnh k\u1ef3<\/h3>\n

                                  L\u00ean l\u1ecbch ki\u1ec3m tra \u0111\u1ecbnh k\u1ef3 s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 DFD \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o n\u00f3 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n

                                    \n
                                  • L\u1ee3i \u00edch:<\/strong>Ng\u0103n ng\u1eeba t\u00edch l\u0169y n\u1ee3 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt.<\/li>\n
                                  • Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p:<\/strong>Ki\u1ec3m tra \u0111\u1ecbnh k\u1ef3 m\u1ed7i qu\u00fd c\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ed9i ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n.<\/li>\n
                                  • K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3:<\/strong>T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                                    K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 t\u00ednh to\u00e0n v\u1eb9n trong m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a<\/h2>\n

                                    X\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng m\u1ed9t s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi s\u1ef1 ch\u00fa \u00fd \u0111\u1ebfn chi ti\u1ebft v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn c\u00f3 k\u1ef7 lu\u1eadt. B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch tr\u00e1nh nh\u1eefng sai l\u1ea7m ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00eau \u1edf tr\u00ean, b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 \u0111\u00e1ng tin c\u1eady cho giao ti\u1ebfp v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n. C\u00f4ng s\u1ee9c b\u1ecf ra \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1eeda c\u00e1c l\u1ed7i n\u00e0y t\u1eeb s\u1edbm s\u1ebd ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh. H\u00e3y t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng, nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n v\u00e0 t\u00ednh to\u00e0n v\u1eb9n v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t logic.<\/p>\n

                                    H\u00e3y nh\u1edb r\u1eb1ng s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u (DFD) l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u s\u1ed1ng. N\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m duy nh\u1ea5t m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n. Khi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng thay \u0111\u1ed5i, s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf m\u1edbi. S\u1ef1 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh li\u00ean t\u1ee5c n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh v\u1eabn l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n h\u1ee3p l\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng.<\/p>\n

                                    Vi\u1ec7c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh n\u00e0y d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n v\u00e0 \u00edt b\u1ea5t ng\u1edd h\u01a1n trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh tri\u1ec3n khai. H\u00e3y \u01b0u ti\u00ean ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

                                    Vi\u1ec7c t\u1ea1o s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u (DFD) l\u00e0 b\u01b0\u1edbc quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u c\u00e1ch th\u00f4ng tin di chuy\u1ec3n qua h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. Nh\u1eefng s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 n\u00e0y \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 nh\u01b0 b\u1ea3n v\u1ebd thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf cho c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, c\u00e1c b\u00ean li\u00ean quan v\u00e0 nh\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch. Tuy nhi\u00ean, m\u1ed9t m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng k\u00e9m c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 nh\u1ea7m l\u1eabn, l\u1ed7i ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. Khi lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u b\u1ecb m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 sai, logic c\u1ee7a to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng tr\u1edf n\u00ean \u0111\u00e1ng nghi ng\u1edd. H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn n\u00e0y kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 nh\u1eefng l\u1ed7i th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p trong DFD v\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p c\u00e1c chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1ng tin c\u1eady \u0111\u1ec3 kh\u1eafc ph\u1ee5c ch\u00fang. Nhi\u1ec1u nh\u00f3m v\u1ed9i v\u00e0ng trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a, cho r\u1eb1ng bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n tr\u1ef1c quan l\u00e0 th\u1ee9 y\u1ebfu so v\u1edbi m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n. C\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn n\u00e0y l\u00e0 sai l\u1ea7m. M\u1ed9t DFD x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh logic tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi vi\u1ebft b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 d\u00f2ng m\u00e3 n\u00e0o. N\u1ebfu s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 b\u1ecb l\u1ed7i, ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean n\u00f3 s\u1ebd k\u1ebf th\u1eeba nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec3m y\u1ebfu c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac \u0111\u00f3. Ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd xem x\u00e9t c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i sai l\u1ea7m c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m suy y\u1ebfu t\u00ednh to\u00e0n v\u1eb9n c\u1ee7a m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0a ra c\u00e1c con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ec3 kh\u1eafc ph\u1ee5c. 1. Nh\u1eefng l\u1ed7i trong s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh \ud83c\udf0d S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh l\u00e0 g\u00f3c nh\u00ecn c\u1ea5p cao nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. N\u00f3 bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh duy nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0 cho th\u1ea5y c\u00e1ch h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c v\u1edbi th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i. Nh\u1eefng l\u1ed7i \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y s\u1ebd t\u1ea1o n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng x\u1ea5u cho t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 ti\u1ebfp theo. Thi\u1ebfu c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i C\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng, c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng kh\u00e1c ho\u1eb7c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c v\u1edbi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n. M\u1ed9t sai l\u1ea7m ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn l\u00e0 b\u1ecf s\u00f3t m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 quan tr\u1ecdng. N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n qu\u00ean m\u1ed9t nh\u00f3m ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng ho\u1eb7c m\u1ed9t API b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i, y\u00eau c\u1ea7u s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7. T\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng:C\u00e1c t\u00ednh n\u0103ng quan tr\u1ecdng b\u1ecb b\u1ecf s\u00f3t trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n. S\u1eeda ch\u1eefa:Ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh ph\u1ecfng v\u1ea5n c\u00e1c b\u00ean li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ecdi ngu\u1ed3n v\u00e0 \u0111\u00edch c\u1ee7a d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. Danh s\u00e1ch ki\u1ec3m tra:Li\u1ec7t k\u00ea m\u1ecdi t\u00e1c nh\u00e2n tham gia v\u00e0o h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi v\u1ebd h\u00ecnh tr\u00f2n (bong b\u00f3ng). Bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi kh\u00f4ng r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng Bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng. \u0110\u00f4i khi, c\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1ebd b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0ng l\u1ea1i thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 b\u00ean trong, ho\u1eb7c ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y t\u1ea1o ra s\u1ef1 m\u01a1 h\u1ed3 v\u1ec1 n\u01a1i n\u00e0o n\u1eb1m tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m. T\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng:C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng t\u00ednh n\u0103ng n\u1eb1m ngo\u00e0i ph\u1ea1m vi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ef1 ki\u1ebfn. S\u1eeda ch\u1eefa:\u0110\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o m\u1ecdi qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh b\u00ean trong h\u00ecnh tr\u00f2n b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh \u0111\u1ec1u thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. M\u1ecdi th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i. Danh s\u00e1ch ki\u1ec3m tra:H\u1ecfi: \u201cQu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y c\u00f3 ch\u1ea1y b\u00ean trong ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta hay b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i?\u201d 2. L\u1ed7i \u0111\u1eb7t t\u00ean qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh v\u00e0 sai s\u00f3t v\u1ec1 logic \ud83e\udde0 C\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. Ch\u00fang l\u00e0 c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed9ng trong s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3. Vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1eb7t t\u00ean v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a c\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y sai l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng l\u1ed7i g\u00e2y h\u1ea1i nh\u1ea5t. Vi ph\u1ea1m quy t\u1eafc \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1eeb – danh t\u1eeb T\u00ean qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh n\u00ean tu\u00e2n theo c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1eeb – danh t\u1eeb. M\u1ed9t t\u00ean nh\u01b0 \u201cSales\u201d l\u00e0 danh t\u1eeb. M\u1ed9t t\u00ean nh\u01b0 \u201cCalculate Sales\u201d l\u00e0 c\u1ee5m \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1eeb – danh t\u1eeb. S\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t n\u00e0y l\u00e0m r\u00f5 h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111ang di\u1ec5n ra l\u00e0 g\u00ec. T\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng:Y\u00eau c\u1ea7u m\u01a1 h\u1ed3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c tri\u1ec3n khai kh\u00f4ng nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n. S\u1eeda ch\u1eefa:Xem x\u00e9t l\u1ea1i m\u1ecdi nh\u00e3n qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh. N\u00f3 c\u00f3 m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 m\u1ed9t h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng tr\u00ean d\u1eef li\u1ec7u kh\u00f4ng? Danh s\u00e1ch ki\u1ec3m tra:N\u1ebfu t\u00ean l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t danh t\u1eeb duy nh\u1ea5t, h\u00e3y th\u00eam m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1eeb. C\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ph\u00e9p thu\u1eadt M\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ph\u00e9p thu\u1eadt l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea7u ra, ho\u1eb7c c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea7u ra nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o. N\u00f3 t\u1ea1o ra d\u1eef li\u1ec7u t\u1eeb kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 g\u00ec ho\u1eb7c ti\u00eau th\u1ee5 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng tr\u1ea3 v\u1ec1 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3. T\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng:T\u00ednh to\u00e0n v\u1eb9n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u b\u1ecb \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng. Logic h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c thi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. S\u1eeda ch\u1eefa:M\u1ecdi qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec1u ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 \u00edt nh\u1ea5t m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea7u ra. Danh s\u00e1ch ki\u1ec3m tra:Theo d\u00f5i t\u1eebng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i v\u00e0o v\u00e0 ra kh\u1ecfi h\u00ecnh tr\u00f2n. C\u00f3 s\u1ef1 c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng kh\u00f4ng? V\u00f9ng \u0111en V\u00f9ng \u0111en x\u1ea3y ra khi d\u1eef li\u1ec7u ch\u1ea3y v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u n\u00e0o ch\u1ea3y ra. Th\u00f4ng tin bi\u1ebfn m\u1ea5t v\u00e0o kho\u1ea3ng tr\u1ed1ng v\u00f4 h\u00ecnh. T\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng:D\u1eef li\u1ec7u quan tr\u1ecdng b\u1ecb m\u1ea5t, d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn l\u1ed7i h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ho\u1eb7c th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i trong ki\u1ec3m to\u00e1n. S\u1eeda ch\u1eefa:\u0110\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng m\u1ecdi \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ea7u ra m\u1edbi ho\u1eb7c d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0u tr\u1eef. Danh s\u00e1ch ki\u1ec3m tra:X\u00e1c minh r\u1eb1ng h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ghi nh\u1eadn t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 th\u00f4ng tin \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o. S\u1ef1 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi v\u00f9ng \u0111en. D\u1eef li\u1ec7u xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n t\u1eeb nowhere m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y ng\u1ee5 \u00fd r\u1eb1ng h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng t\u1ea1o ra th\u00f4ng tin m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c. T\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng:M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh d\u1eef li\u1ec7u kh\u00f4ng nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n v\u1edbi th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf kinh doanh. S\u1eeda ch\u1eefa:T\u00ecm ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a t\u1eebng lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. N\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ho\u1eb7c m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3. Danh s\u00e1ch ki\u1ec3m tra:\u0110\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o m\u1ecdi m\u0169i t\u00ean \u0111\u1ea7u ra \u0111\u1ec1u b\u1eaft ngu\u1ed3n t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t ph\u00e9p bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i. 3. V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u1ec1 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i \ud83d\udd04 C\u00e1c m\u0169i t\u00ean trong s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho s\u1ef1 di chuy\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. C\u00e1ch v\u1ebd v\u00e0 g\u00e1n nh\u00e3n c\u00e1c m\u0169i t\u00ean n\u00e0y l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u h\u00e0nh vi c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. C\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u00e9o nhau Khi c\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u ch\u00e9o nhau m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 n\u00fat giao nhau, s\u1ebd t\u1ea1o<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":4255,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_yoast_wpseo_title":"Nh\u1eefng sai l\u1ea7m ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn trong DFD l\u00e0m h\u1ecfng m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n \ud83d\uded1","_yoast_wpseo_metadesc":"H\u1ecdc c\u00e1ch nh\u1eadn di\u1ec7n nh\u1eefng sai l\u1ea7m ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn trong s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. 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