{"id":4232,"date":"2026-03-24T12:57:08","date_gmt":"2026-03-24T12:57:08","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.diagrams-ai.com\/vn\/what-is-a-dfd-step-by-step-guide\/"},"modified":"2026-03-24T12:57:08","modified_gmt":"2026-03-24T12:57:08","slug":"what-is-a-dfd-step-by-step-guide","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.diagrams-ai.com\/vn\/what-is-a-dfd-step-by-step-guide\/","title":{"rendered":"DFD l\u00e0 g\u00ec? M\u1ed9t ph\u00e2n t\u00edch r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng, t\u1eebng b\u01b0\u1edbc cho c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch m\u1edbi"},"content":{"rendered":"

Hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi h\u01a1n c\u1ea3 vi\u1ec7c n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 ch\u00fang. N\u00f3 \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi vi\u1ec7c h\u00ecnh dung c\u00e1ch th\u00f4ng tin di chuy\u1ec3n qua ch\u00fang. \u0110\u00e2y ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 n\u01a1i m\u00e0S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u<\/strong>, th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 DFD, tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 thi\u1ebft y\u1ebfu cho c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch kinh doanh v\u00e0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. D\u00f9 b\u1ea1n \u0111ang thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf m\u1ed9t \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng m\u1edbi, ki\u1ec3m to\u00e1n quy tr\u00ecnh hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i hay t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u h\u00f3a y\u00eau c\u1ea7u, vi\u1ec7c n\u1eafm v\u1eefng c\u00e1c kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n v\u1ec1 DFD l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 giao ti\u1ebfp r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng. H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn n\u00e0y cung c\u1ea5p m\u1ed9t ph\u00e2n t\u00edch to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n v\u1ec1 DFD l\u00e0 g\u00ec, c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3.<\/p>\n

S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n \u0111\u1ed3 h\u1ecda v\u1ec1 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u qua m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng th\u00f4ng tin. N\u00f3 cho th\u1ea5y d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u00e0o h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u1eed l\u00fd ra sao, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0u tr\u1eef \u1edf \u0111\u00e2u v\u00e0 tho\u00e1t ra kh\u1ecfi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ra sao. Kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 l\u01b0u \u0111\u1ed3 t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o lu\u1ed3ng \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n v\u00e0 logic, DFD ch\u1ec9 t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. S\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t n\u00e0y r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch c\u1ea7n l\u1eadp b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3 ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb m\u1eafc k\u1eb9t v\u00e0o logic ra quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh.<\/p>\n

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\"Sketch-style<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n

C\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i c\u1ee7a s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \ud83e\udde9<\/h2>\n

M\u1ed7i DFD \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean b\u1ed1n k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 c\u00e1c phong c\u00e1ch k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t nh\u1ecf gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p, nh\u01b0ng c\u00e1c kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng v\u1eabn gi\u1eef nguy\u00ean. \u0110\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 h\u1ee3p l\u1ec7, b\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a t\u1eebng th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n.<\/p>\n

    \n
  • C\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i:<\/strong> C\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m k\u1ebft th\u00fac ho\u1eb7c ngu\u1ed3n\/\u0111\u00edch, ch\u00fang \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng kh\u00e1c t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c v\u1edbi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a. Ch\u00fang l\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o ho\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ea7u ra. Ch\u00fang t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng.<\/li>\n
  • C\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh:<\/strong> Ch\u00fang \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n tr\u00ean d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. M\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o th\u00e0nh d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ea7u ra. N\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u00e9p t\u00ednh, b\u01b0\u1edbc x\u00e1c th\u1ef1c ho\u1eb7c thao t\u00e1c s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp. M\u1ed7i qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 \u00edt nh\u1ea5t m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea7u ra.<\/li>\n
  • C\u00e1c kho d\u1eef li\u1ec7u:<\/strong> \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng n\u01a1i d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0u gi\u1eef \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng sau n\u00e0y. Ch\u00fang \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u, t\u1eadp tin ho\u1eb7c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng l\u01b0u tr\u1eef h\u1ed3 s\u01a1 th\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng. D\u1eef li\u1ec7u kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 di chuy\u1ec3n tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp t\u1eeb kho d\u1eef li\u1ec7u n\u00e0y sang kho d\u1eef li\u1ec7u kh\u00e1c m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111i qua m\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh.<\/li>\n
  • C\u00e1c lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u:<\/strong> \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng n\u1ed1i c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n, cho th\u1ea5y s\u1ef1 di chuy\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. Ch\u00fang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi nh\u00e3n b\u1eb1ng t\u00ean d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chuy\u1ec3n. C\u00e1c lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho m\u1ed9t lu\u1ed3ng th\u00f4ng tin, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i d\u00e2y d\u1eabn hay k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i v\u1eadt l\u00fd.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
    Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n<\/th>\nM\u00f4 t\u1ea3 k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u<\/th>\nCh\u1ee9c n\u0103ng<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
    Th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i<\/td>\nH\u00ecnh ch\u1eef nh\u1eadt ho\u1eb7c h\u00ecnh vu\u00f4ng<\/td>\nNgu\u1ed3n ho\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a d\u1eef li\u1ec7u<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh<\/td>\nH\u00ecnh tr\u00f2n ho\u1eb7c h\u00ecnh ch\u1eef nh\u1eadt bo tr\u00f2n<\/td>\nChuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i d\u1eef li\u1ec7u<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    Kho d\u1eef li\u1ec7u<\/td>\nH\u00ecnh ch\u1eef nh\u1eadt h\u1edf ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng song song<\/td>\nL\u01b0u tr\u1eef d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng sau n\u00e0y<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    Lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u<\/td>\nM\u0169i t\u00ean<\/td>\nDi chuy\u1ec3n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

    Hi\u1ec3u v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 DFD \ud83d\udcc9<\/h2>\n

    C\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o theo t\u1eebng c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9, chuy\u1ec3n t\u1eeb tr\u1eebu t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ea5p cao sang chi ti\u1ebft c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3. K\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0ph\u00e2n r\u00e3<\/strong>. N\u00f3 cho ph\u00e9p c\u00e1c b\u00ean li\u00ean quan hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ee9c tranh t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3 tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi \u0111i s\u00e2u v\u00e0o chi ti\u1ebft nh\u1ecf.<\/p>\n

    1. S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh (C\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 0)<\/h3>\n

    S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh l\u00e0 g\u00f3c nh\u00ecn c\u1ea5p cao nh\u1ea5t. N\u00f3 bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh duy nh\u1ea5t. N\u00f3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n ranh gi\u1edbi c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c v\u1edbi th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i. S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 n\u00e0y tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi: \u201cH\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng l\u00e0 g\u00ec, v\u00e0 ai giao ti\u1ebfp v\u1edbi n\u00f3?\u201d<\/p>\n

      \n
    • M\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh:<\/strong> To\u00e0n b\u1ed9 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u00ecnh tr\u00f2n duy nh\u1ea5t.<\/li>\n
    • C\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i:<\/strong> T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n v\u00e0 \u0111\u00edch b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb.<\/li>\n
    • Lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u:<\/strong> Ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u ra ch\u00ednh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00f4 t\u1ea3.<\/li>\n
    • Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 kho d\u1eef li\u1ec7u:<\/strong> Vi\u1ec7c l\u01b0u tr\u1eef n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9 b\u1ecb \u1ea9n \u1edf c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 n\u00e0y.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

      2. S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 0 (Ph\u00e2n r\u00e3)<\/h3>\n

      Khi b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c l\u1eadp, qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh duy nh\u1ea5t s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh con ch\u00ednh. S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 n\u00e0y th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c khu v\u1ef1c ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng c\u1ea5p cao c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. N\u00f3 gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u c\u00e1c kho d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 chia nh\u1ecf lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c ph\u1ea7n nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n, d\u1ec5 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n

        \n
      • Nhi\u1ec1u qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh:<\/strong> Th\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1eeb 3 \u0111\u1ebfn 7 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ch\u00ednh.<\/li>\n
      • Kho d\u1eef li\u1ec7u:<\/strong> C\u00e1c kho l\u01b0u tr\u1eef ch\u00ednh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh.<\/li>\n
      • T\u00ednh nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n:<\/strong> C\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u ra ph\u1ea3i kh\u1edbp ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c v\u1edbi s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

        3. S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 1 v\u00e0 c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 2<\/h3>\n

        Ph\u00e2n r\u00e3 ti\u1ebfp di\u1ec5n \u1edf c\u00e1c c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n. C\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 1 chi ti\u1ebft c\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh t\u1eeb c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 0, v\u00e0 c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 2 chi ti\u1ebft c\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 t\u1eeb c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 1. M\u1ee5c ti\u00eau l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 m\u00e0 m\u1ed7i qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh l\u00e0 m\u1ed9tqu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh nguy\u00ean th\u1ee7y<\/strong>\u2014m\u1ed9t b\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 chia nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n n\u1eefa m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m m\u1ea5t \u00fd ngh\u0129a.<\/p>\n

        H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn t\u1eebng b\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1ea1o s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \ud83d\udee0\ufe0f<\/h2>\n

        X\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh c\u00f3 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. Tu\u00e2n theo m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn c\u00f3 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c v\u00e0 t\u00ednh nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n trong su\u1ed1t v\u00f2ng \u0111\u1eddi m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a.<\/p>\n

        B\u01b0\u1edbc 1: X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh ranh gi\u1edbi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng<\/h3>\n

        Tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi v\u1ebd b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 th\u1ee9 g\u00ec, h\u00e3y x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh nh\u1eefng g\u00ec n\u1eb1m trong h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec n\u1eb1m ngo\u00e0i h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh ph\u1ea1m vi ph\u00e2n t\u00edch c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n. M\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 t\u1ea1o ra d\u1eef li\u1ec7u cho h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ho\u1eb7c nh\u1eadn d\u1eef li\u1ec7u t\u1eeb h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i. M\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 x\u1ea3y ra b\u00ean trong t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c ho\u1eb7c ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9.<\/p>\n

        B\u01b0\u1edbc 2: X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i<\/h3>\n

        Li\u1ec7t k\u00ea t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng, ph\u00f2ng ban ho\u1eb7c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i tham gia. \u0110\u1eb7t cho ch\u00fang nh\u1eefng t\u00ean r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng, m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c. Tr\u00e1nh d\u00f9ng c\u00e1c thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef m\u01a1 h\u1ed3 nh\u01b0 \u201cNg\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng\u201d n\u1ebfu c\u00f3 th\u1ec3; thay v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 h\u00e3y d\u00f9ng \u201cKh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng\u201d ho\u1eb7c \u201cQu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb vi\u00ean\u201d. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y t\u1ea1o n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng cho s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ng\u1eef c\u1ea3nh.<\/p>\n

        B\u01b0\u1edbc 3: B\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3 c\u00e1c lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u ch\u00ednh<\/h3>\n

        V\u1ebd c\u00e1c m\u0169i t\u00ean k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 v\u1edbi qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh trung t\u00e2m. G\u1eafn nh\u00e3n m\u1ed7i m\u0169i t\u00ean b\u1eb1ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trao \u0111\u1ed5i. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, h\u00e3y d\u00f9ng \u201cChi ti\u1ebft \u0111\u01a1n h\u00e0ng\u201d thay v\u00ec ch\u1ec9 \u201cD\u1eef li\u1ec7u\u201d. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o t\u00ednh r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng cho b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 ai \u0111\u1ecdc s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 sau n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

        B\u01b0\u1edbc 4: T\u1ea1o s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 0<\/h3>\n

        Chia qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh trung t\u00e2m th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng ch\u00ednh. X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh n\u01a1i d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0u tr\u1eef. \u0110\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng m\u1ecdi lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u t\u1eeb s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ng\u1eef c\u1ea3nh v\u1eabn t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng<\/strong>. N\u1ebfu s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ng\u1eef c\u1ea3nh hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb m\u1ed9t \u201cH\u00f3a \u0111\u01a1n\u201d r\u1eddi kh\u1ecfi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng, s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 0 c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb m\u1ed9t \u201cH\u00f3a \u0111\u01a1n\u201d r\u1eddi kh\u1ecfi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng.<\/p>\n

        B\u01b0\u1edbc 5: Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch s\u00e2u h\u01a1n<\/h3>\n

        L\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p t\u1eeb c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 0 v\u00e0 chia nh\u1ecf th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c b\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n cho c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 1. L\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi c\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh tr\u1edf n\u00ean \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng ri\u00eang l\u1ebb. \u0110\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c kho d\u1eef li\u1ec7u kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb b\u1ecf qua v\u00e0 m\u1ecdi lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ebfn.<\/p>\n

        C\u00e1c quy t\u1eafc v\u00e0 quy \u01b0\u1edbc thi\u1ebft y\u1ebfu \u2705<\/h2>\n

        \u0110\u1ec3 duy tr\u00ec t\u00ednh to\u00e0n v\u1eb9n c\u1ee7a m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch ph\u1ea3i tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 c\u00e1c quy t\u1eafc c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3. Vi ph\u1ea1m nh\u1eefng quy t\u1eafc n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 nh\u1ea7m l\u1eabn v\u00e0 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng kh\u00f4ng ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c.<\/p>\n

          \n
        • Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3:<\/strong>D\u1eef li\u1ec7u kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ch\u1ea3y tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i n\u00e0y sang th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i kh\u00e1c m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111i qua h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. N\u1ebfu \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 x\u1ea3y ra, h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111ang thi\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec3 x\u1eed l\u00fd t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c \u0111\u00f3.<\/li>\n
        • Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c kho d\u1eef li\u1ec7u:<\/strong>D\u1eef li\u1ec7u kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 di chuy\u1ec3n gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c v\u1ecb tr\u00ed l\u01b0u tr\u1eef m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh. \u0110i\u1ec1u g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i ho\u1eb7c di chuy\u1ec3n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: m\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh sao l\u01b0u ho\u1eb7c m\u1ed9t \u0111o\u1ea1n m\u00e3 di chuy\u1ec3n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u).<\/li>\n
        • M\u1ecdi qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec1u c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u ra:<\/strong>M\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh c\u00f3 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ea7u ra l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec3m thu (sink), v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i m\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh. T\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1, m\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ngu\u1ed3n (source).<\/li>\n
        • Quy \u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1eb7t t\u00ean:<\/strong>C\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t t\u00ean theo c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac \u0110\u1ed9ng t\u1eeb + Danh t\u1eeb (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: \u201cT\u00ednh thu\u1ebf\u201d). C\u00e1c lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 kho l\u01b0u tr\u1eef n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t t\u00ean theo c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac Danh t\u1eeb (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: \u201cT\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 thu\u1ebf\u201d).<\/li>\n
        • \u0110\u1eb7t t\u00ean nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n:<\/strong>T\u00ean c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u1edf c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 cao h\u01a1n ph\u1ea3i tr\u00f9ng kh\u1edbp v\u1edbi t\u00ean lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u1edf c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n. N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n g\u1ecdi n\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u201cD\u1eef li\u1ec7u kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng\u201d \u1edf c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 0, \u0111\u1eebng g\u1ecdi n\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u201cTh\u00f4ng tin ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng\u201d \u1edf c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 1 tr\u1eeb khi b\u1ea1n x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u00f5 m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa ch\u00fang.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

          Nh\u1eefng sai l\u1ea7m ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn c\u1ea7n tr\u00e1nh \u26a0\ufe0f<\/h2>\n

          Ngay c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch c\u00f3 kinh nghi\u1ec7m c\u0169ng m\u1eafc sai l\u1ea7m khi m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a. Nh\u1eadn di\u1ec7n nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec3m nguy hi\u1ec3m n\u00e0y s\u1edbm c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u th\u1eddi gian trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n xem x\u00e9t.<\/p>\n

            \n
          • Lu\u1ed3ng \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n so v\u1edbi lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u:<\/strong>\u0110\u1eebng nh\u1ea7m l\u1eabn th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m m\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh x\u1ea3y ra (\u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n) v\u1edbi d\u1eef li\u1ec7u n\u00e0o \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c di chuy\u1ec3n (d\u1eef li\u1ec7u). C\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u (DFD) kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng c\u00e1c v\u00f2ng l\u1eb7p hay \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n.<\/li>\n
          • Qu\u00e1 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p:<\/strong>M\u1ed9t s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 duy nh\u1ea5t v\u1edbi 50 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f3 \u0111\u1ecdc. H\u00e3y s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ph\u00e2n t\u00edch \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1eef cho c\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 s\u1ea1ch s\u1ebd v\u00e0 d\u1ec5 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd.<\/li>\n
          • Thi\u1ebfu kho d\u1eef li\u1ec7u:<\/strong>Qu\u00ean hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb n\u01a1i d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0u tr\u1eef c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf m\u00e0 th\u00f4ng tin b\u1ecb m\u1ea5t gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c b\u01b0\u1edbc.<\/li>\n
          • L\u1ed7 \u0111en:<\/strong>M\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea7u ra \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 l\u1ed7 \u0111en. N\u00f3 ti\u00eau th\u1ee5 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng t\u1ea1o ra b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 th\u1ee9 g\u00ec.<\/li>\n
          • C\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh k\u1ef3 di\u1ec7u:<\/strong>M\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea7u ra nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 k\u1ef3 di\u1ec7u. N\u00f3 t\u1ea1o ra d\u1eef li\u1ec7u t\u1eeb kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 g\u00ec.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

            S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u (DFD) so v\u1edbi s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y: Bi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t \ud83d\udd04<\/h2>\n

            S\u1ef1 nh\u1ea7m l\u1eabn th\u01b0\u1eddng x\u1ea3y ra gi\u1eefa S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 ch\u00fang tr\u00f4ng gi\u1ed1ng nhau, nh\u01b0ng ch\u00fang ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 c\u00e1c m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch kh\u00e1c nhau.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
            T\u00ednh n\u0103ng<\/th>\nS\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u (DFD)<\/th>\nS\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
            Tr\u1ecdng t\u00e2m<\/strong><\/td>\nT\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i d\u1eef li\u1ec7u.<\/td>\nT\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o lu\u1ed3ng \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n v\u00e0 logic ra quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
            L\u00f4gic<\/strong><\/td>\nKh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m ra quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh hay v\u00f2ng l\u1eb7p.<\/td>\nHi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng c\u00e1c quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh (h\u00ecnh thoi) v\u00e0 v\u00f2ng l\u1eb7p.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
            Th\u1eddi gian<\/strong><\/td>\nKh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 ra th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1 hay th\u1eddi gian th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n.<\/td>\nCh\u1ec9 ra th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c thao t\u00e1c.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
            S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng<\/strong><\/td>\nPh\u00e2n t\u00edch y\u00eau c\u1ea7u v\u00e0 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng.<\/td>\nThi\u1ebft k\u1ebf thu\u1eadt to\u00e1n v\u00e0 logic tri\u1ec3n khai.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

            Hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o b\u1ea1n s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u00fang c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 cho \u0111\u00fang c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c. N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1ch ra quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh, h\u00e3y d\u00f9ng s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y. N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh d\u1eef li\u1ec7u n\u00e0o c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 m\u1ed9t quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh, h\u00e3y d\u00f9ng DFD.<\/p>\n

            L\u1ee3i \u00edch c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \ud83c\udf1f<\/h2>\n

            T\u1ea1i sao ph\u1ea3i t\u1ed1n th\u1eddi gian t\u1ea1o ra nh\u1eefng s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 n\u00e0y? Gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang v\u01b0\u1ee3t xa vi\u1ec7c ghi ch\u00e9p t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u.<\/p>\n

              \n
            • C\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n giao ti\u1ebfp:<\/strong>Ch\u00fang cung c\u1ea5p m\u1ed9t ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef tr\u1ef1c quan m\u00e0 c\u00e1c b\u00ean li\u00ean quan, nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng kinh doanh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. N\u00f3 gi\u00fap l\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ea7y kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt v\u00e0 phi k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt.<\/li>\n
            • Thu th\u1eadp y\u00eau c\u1ea7u t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n:<\/strong>Vi\u1ec7c v\u1ebd s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0m l\u1ed9 ra c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u b\u1ecb thi\u1ebfu ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c quy tr\u00ecnh ch\u01b0a r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n t\u1ea1o d\u1ef1ng.<\/li>\n
            • Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng:<\/strong>N\u00f3 gi\u00fap x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c quy tr\u00ecnh tr\u00f9ng l\u1eb7p, \u0111i\u1ec3m ngh\u1ebdn ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c khu v\u1ef1c d\u1eef li\u1ec7u kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3.<\/li>\n
            • Ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u:<\/strong>N\u00f3 \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 l\u00e0 b\u1ea3n ghi v\u0129nh vi\u1ec5n v\u1ec1 ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng, h\u1eefu \u00edch cho vi\u1ec7c b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec v\u00e0 n\u00e2ng c\u1ea5p trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai.<\/li>\n
            • C\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o:<\/strong>C\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean m\u1edbi trong nh\u00f3m c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u1ecdc lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng nhanh h\u01a1n b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch xem c\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 thay v\u00ec \u0111\u1ecdc nh\u1eefng \u0111o\u1ea1n v\u0103n b\u1ea3n d\u00e0y \u0111\u1eb7c.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

              C\u00e1c th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t cho c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch \ud83c\udf93<\/h2>\n

              \u0110\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o c\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n chuy\u00ean nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3, h\u00e3y c\u00e2n nh\u1eafc nh\u1eefng m\u1eb9o th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf sau.<\/p>\n

                \n
              • S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n:<\/strong>Duy tr\u00ec m\u1ed9t phong c\u00e1ch nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh (v\u00ed d\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 Gane & Sarson ho\u1eb7c Yourdon & DeMarco) trong su\u1ed1t d\u1ef1 \u00e1n \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh g\u00e2y nh\u1ea7m l\u1eabn.<\/li>\n
              • Gi\u1eef cho n\u00f3 s\u1ea1ch s\u1ebd:<\/strong>Tr\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng giao nhau. N\u1ebfu ph\u1ea3i giao nhau, h\u00e3y d\u00f9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng cong \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n ch\u00fang kh\u00f4ng k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nhau.<\/li>\n
              • G\u00e1n s\u1ed1 cho c\u00e1c quy tr\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n:<\/strong>G\u00e1n s\u1ed1 cho c\u00e1c quy tr\u00ecnh (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: 1.0, 1.1, 1.2) gi\u00fap d\u1ec5 tham chi\u1ebfu trong t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 duy tr\u00ec th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n c\u1ea5p.<\/li>\n
              • Xem x\u00e9t c\u00f9ng c\u00e1c b\u00ean li\u00ean quan:<\/strong>Kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd t\u1ef1 cho r\u1eb1ng s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n \u0111\u00fang. H\u00e3y c\u00f9ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng kinh doanh \u0111i qua t\u1eebng b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c minh \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c.<\/li>\n
              • L\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i:<\/strong>S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u (DFD) hi\u1ebfm khi ho\u00e0n h\u1ea3o ngay b\u1ea3n nh\u00e1p \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean. H\u00e3y chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb s\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i ch\u00fang khi b\u1ea1n hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                V\u00ed d\u1ee5 th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf: H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng x\u1eed l\u00fd \u0111\u01a1n h\u00e0ng \ud83d\uded2<\/h2>\n

                \u0110\u1ec3 minh h\u1ecda c\u00e1ch c\u00e1c kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng trong m\u1ed9t t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, h\u00e3y xem x\u00e9t m\u1ed9t H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng x\u1eed l\u00fd \u0111\u01a1n h\u00e0ng.<\/p>\n

                S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh:<\/strong><\/p>\n

                  \n
                • Th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3:<\/strong>Kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng<\/li>\n
                • Th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3:<\/strong>H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng kho h\u00e0ng<\/li>\n
                • Quy tr\u00ecnh:<\/strong>X\u1eed l\u00fd \u0111\u01a1n h\u00e0ng<\/li>\n
                • Lu\u1ed3ng:<\/strong> \u201cY\u00eau c\u1ea7u \u0111\u01a1n h\u00e0ng\u201d t\u1eeb Kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng, \u201cKi\u1ec3m tra kho\u201d \u0111\u1ebfn H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng kho h\u00e0ng, \u201cX\u00e1c nh\u1eadn\u201d \u0111\u1ebfn Kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                  S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 c\u1ea5p 0:<\/strong><\/p>\n

                    \n
                  • Quy tr\u00ecnh 1.0:<\/strong>Nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01a1n h\u00e0ng<\/li>\n
                  • Quy tr\u00ecnh 2.0:<\/strong>X\u00e1c minh t\u1ed3n kho<\/li>\n
                  • Quy tr\u00ecnh 3.0:<\/strong>T\u1ea1o h\u00f3a \u0111\u01a1n<\/li>\n
                  • Kho d\u1eef li\u1ec7u:<\/strong>C\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01a1n h\u00e0ng<\/li>\n
                  • Kho d\u1eef li\u1ec7u:<\/strong>Danh m\u1ee5c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                    S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 c\u1ea5p 1 (Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch quy tr\u00ecnh 2.0):<\/strong><\/p>\n

                      \n
                    • Quy tr\u00ecnh 2.1:<\/strong>Ki\u1ec3m tra m\u1ee9c t\u1ed3n kho<\/li>\n
                    • Quy tr\u00ecnh 2.2:<\/strong>C\u1eadp nh\u1eadt t\u1ed3n kho<\/li>\n
                    • Kho d\u1eef li\u1ec7u:<\/strong>S\u1ed5 ghi ch\u00e9p t\u1ed3n kho<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                      Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch n\u00e0y cho th\u1ea5y c\u00e1ch m\u1ed9t y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u1ea5p cao duy nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c thi m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1eb7t t\u00ean c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m.<\/p>\n

                      K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a DFD \ud83d\udcdd<\/h2>\n

                      S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u1eabn l\u00e0 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng c\u1ee7a ph\u00e2n t\u00edch h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. Ch\u00fang cung c\u1ea5p m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch c\u00f3 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac \u0111\u1ec3 suy ngh\u0129 v\u1ec1 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 ranh gi\u1edbi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch tu\u00e2n theo c\u00e1c quy t\u1eafc ph\u00e2n t\u00edch, duy tr\u00ec t\u00ean g\u1ecdi nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n v\u00e0 tr\u00e1nh nh\u1eefng sai l\u1ea7m ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh v\u1eeba ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c v\u1eeba h\u1eefu \u00edch. M\u1ee5c ti\u00eau kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 v\u1ebd c\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00e9t, m\u00e0 c\u00f2n hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c lu\u1ed3ng th\u00f4ng tin th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb kinh doanh.<\/p>\n

                      \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch m\u1edbi, b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u b\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 B\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh t\u1eeb tr\u00ean xu\u1ed1ng l\u00e0 con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u00e1ng tin c\u1eady nh\u1ea5t. H\u00e3y nh\u1edb r\u1eb1ng s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u s\u1ed1ng. Khi y\u00eau c\u1ea7u thay \u0111\u1ed5i, s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf m\u1edbi. S\u1ef1 linh ho\u1ea1t n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng lu\u00f4n gi\u1eef \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ednh li\u00ean quan trong su\u1ed1t v\u00f2ng \u0111\u1eddi d\u1ef1 \u00e1n.<\/p>\n

                      B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch n\u1eafm v\u1eefng nh\u1eefng n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng n\u00e0y, b\u1ea1n trang b\u1ecb cho b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd cho ph\u00e2n t\u00edch v\u00e0 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf. Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng tr\u1ef1c quan h\u00f3a lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i trong nhi\u1ec1u ng\u00e0nh ngh\u1ec1 v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7. D\u00f9 b\u1ea1n \u0111ang l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c tr\u00ean \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng web, ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m doanh nghi\u1ec7p hay quy tr\u00ecnh n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9, c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc c\u1ee7a s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch ph\u1ed5 qu\u00e1t.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

                      Hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi h\u01a1n c\u1ea3 vi\u1ec7c n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 ch\u00fang. N\u00f3 \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi vi\u1ec7c h\u00ecnh dung c\u00e1ch th\u00f4ng tin di chuy\u1ec3n qua ch\u00fang. \u0110\u00e2y ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 n\u01a1i m\u00e0S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u, th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 DFD, tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 thi\u1ebft y\u1ebfu cho c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch kinh doanh v\u00e0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. D\u00f9 b\u1ea1n \u0111ang thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf m\u1ed9t \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng m\u1edbi, ki\u1ec3m to\u00e1n quy tr\u00ecnh hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i hay t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u h\u00f3a y\u00eau c\u1ea7u, vi\u1ec7c n\u1eafm v\u1eefng c\u00e1c kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n v\u1ec1 DFD l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 giao ti\u1ebfp r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng. H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn n\u00e0y cung c\u1ea5p m\u1ed9t ph\u00e2n t\u00edch to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n v\u1ec1 DFD l\u00e0 g\u00ec, c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3. S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n \u0111\u1ed3 h\u1ecda v\u1ec1 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u qua m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng th\u00f4ng tin. N\u00f3 cho th\u1ea5y d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u00e0o h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u1eed l\u00fd ra sao, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0u tr\u1eef \u1edf \u0111\u00e2u v\u00e0 tho\u00e1t ra kh\u1ecfi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ra sao. Kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 l\u01b0u \u0111\u1ed3 t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o lu\u1ed3ng \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n v\u00e0 logic, DFD ch\u1ec9 t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. S\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t n\u00e0y r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch c\u1ea7n l\u1eadp b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3 ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb m\u1eafc k\u1eb9t v\u00e0o logic ra quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh. C\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i c\u1ee7a s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \ud83e\udde9 M\u1ed7i DFD \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean b\u1ed1n k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 c\u00e1c phong c\u00e1ch k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t nh\u1ecf gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p, nh\u01b0ng c\u00e1c kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng v\u1eabn gi\u1eef nguy\u00ean. \u0110\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 h\u1ee3p l\u1ec7, b\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a t\u1eebng th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n. C\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i: C\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m k\u1ebft th\u00fac ho\u1eb7c ngu\u1ed3n\/\u0111\u00edch, ch\u00fang \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng kh\u00e1c t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c v\u1edbi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a. Ch\u00fang l\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o ho\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ea7u ra. Ch\u00fang t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. C\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh: Ch\u00fang \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n tr\u00ean d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. M\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o th\u00e0nh d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ea7u ra. N\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u00e9p t\u00ednh, b\u01b0\u1edbc x\u00e1c th\u1ef1c ho\u1eb7c thao t\u00e1c s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp. M\u1ed7i qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 \u00edt nh\u1ea5t m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea7u ra. C\u00e1c kho d\u1eef li\u1ec7u: \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng n\u01a1i d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0u gi\u1eef \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng sau n\u00e0y. Ch\u00fang \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u, t\u1eadp tin ho\u1eb7c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng l\u01b0u tr\u1eef h\u1ed3 s\u01a1 th\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng. D\u1eef li\u1ec7u kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 di chuy\u1ec3n tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp t\u1eeb kho d\u1eef li\u1ec7u n\u00e0y sang kho d\u1eef li\u1ec7u kh\u00e1c m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111i qua m\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh. C\u00e1c lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u: \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng n\u1ed1i c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n, cho th\u1ea5y s\u1ef1 di chuy\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. Ch\u00fang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi nh\u00e3n b\u1eb1ng t\u00ean d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chuy\u1ec3n. C\u00e1c lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho m\u1ed9t lu\u1ed3ng th\u00f4ng tin, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i d\u00e2y d\u1eabn hay k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i v\u1eadt l\u00fd. Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n M\u00f4 t\u1ea3 k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u Ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng Th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i H\u00ecnh ch\u1eef nh\u1eadt ho\u1eb7c h\u00ecnh vu\u00f4ng Ngu\u1ed3n ho\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a d\u1eef li\u1ec7u Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh H\u00ecnh tr\u00f2n ho\u1eb7c h\u00ecnh ch\u1eef nh\u1eadt bo tr\u00f2n Chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i d\u1eef li\u1ec7u Kho d\u1eef li\u1ec7u H\u00ecnh ch\u1eef nh\u1eadt h\u1edf ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng song song L\u01b0u tr\u1eef d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng sau n\u00e0y Lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u M\u0169i t\u00ean Di chuy\u1ec3n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n Hi\u1ec3u v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 DFD \ud83d\udcc9 C\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o theo t\u1eebng c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9, chuy\u1ec3n t\u1eeb tr\u1eebu t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ea5p cao sang chi ti\u1ebft c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3. K\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0ph\u00e2n r\u00e3. N\u00f3 cho ph\u00e9p c\u00e1c b\u00ean li\u00ean quan hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ee9c tranh t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3 tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi \u0111i s\u00e2u v\u00e0o chi ti\u1ebft nh\u1ecf. 1. S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh (C\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 0) S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh l\u00e0 g\u00f3c nh\u00ecn c\u1ea5p cao nh\u1ea5t. N\u00f3 bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh duy nh\u1ea5t. N\u00f3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n ranh gi\u1edbi c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c v\u1edbi th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i. S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 n\u00e0y tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi: \u201cH\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng l\u00e0 g\u00ec, v\u00e0 ai giao ti\u1ebfp v\u1edbi n\u00f3?\u201d M\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh: To\u00e0n b\u1ed9 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u00ecnh tr\u00f2n duy nh\u1ea5t. C\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i: T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n v\u00e0 \u0111\u00edch b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb. Lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u: Ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u ra ch\u00ednh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00f4 t\u1ea3. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 kho d\u1eef li\u1ec7u: Vi\u1ec7c l\u01b0u tr\u1eef n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9 b\u1ecb \u1ea9n \u1edf c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 n\u00e0y. 2. S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 0 (Ph\u00e2n r\u00e3) Khi b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c l\u1eadp, qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh duy nh\u1ea5t s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh con ch\u00ednh. S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 n\u00e0y th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c khu v\u1ef1c ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng c\u1ea5p cao c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. N\u00f3 gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u c\u00e1c kho d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 chia nh\u1ecf lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c ph\u1ea7n nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n, d\u1ec5 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd h\u01a1n. Nhi\u1ec1u qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh: Th\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1eeb 3 \u0111\u1ebfn 7 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ch\u00ednh. Kho d\u1eef li\u1ec7u: C\u00e1c kho l\u01b0u tr\u1eef ch\u00ednh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh. T\u00ednh nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n: C\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u ra ph\u1ea3i kh\u1edbp ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c v\u1edbi s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh. 3. S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 1 v\u00e0 c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 2 Ph\u00e2n r\u00e3 ti\u1ebfp di\u1ec5n \u1edf c\u00e1c c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n. C\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 1 chi ti\u1ebft c\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh t\u1eeb c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 0, v\u00e0 c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 2 chi ti\u1ebft c\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 t\u1eeb c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 1. M\u1ee5c ti\u00eau l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 m\u00e0 m\u1ed7i qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh l\u00e0 m\u1ed9tqu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh nguy\u00ean th\u1ee7y\u2014m\u1ed9t b\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 chia nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n n\u1eefa m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m m\u1ea5t \u00fd ngh\u0129a. H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn t\u1eebng b\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1ea1o s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \ud83d\udee0\ufe0f X\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh c\u00f3<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":4233,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_yoast_wpseo_title":"S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u l\u00e0 g\u00ec? H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn t\u1eebng b\u01b0\u1edbc cho c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch m\u1edbi \ud83d\udcca","_yoast_wpseo_metadesc":"H\u1ecdc c\u00e1ch s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u l\u00e0 g\u00ec. M\u1ed9t ph\u00e2n t\u00edch r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng, t\u1eebng b\u01b0\u1edbc cho c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch m\u1edbi, bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n, c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t.","fifu_image_url":"","fifu_image_alt":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[84],"tags":[77,83],"class_list":["post-4232","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-dfd","tag-academic","tag-dfd"],"yoast_head":"\nS\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u l\u00e0 g\u00ec? H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn t\u1eebng b\u01b0\u1edbc cho c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch m\u1edbi \ud83d\udcca<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"H\u1ecdc c\u00e1ch s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u l\u00e0 g\u00ec. 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