{"id":4226,"date":"2026-03-24T13:27:43","date_gmt":"2026-03-24T13:27:43","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.diagrams-ai.com\/vn\/dfd-for-non-technical-stakeholders\/"},"modified":"2026-03-24T13:27:43","modified_gmt":"2026-03-24T13:27:43","slug":"dfd-for-non-technical-stakeholders","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.diagrams-ai.com\/vn\/dfd-for-non-technical-stakeholders\/","title":{"rendered":"S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u cho c\u00e1c b\u00ean li\u00ean quan kh\u00f4ng chuy\u00ean: C\u00e1ch t\u1ea1o s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 d\u1ec5 hi\u1ec3u"},"content":{"rendered":"

Vi\u1ec7c t\u1ea1o ra t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng quan tr\u1ecdng trong ph\u00e2n t\u00edch h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd quy tr\u00ecnh kinh doanh. Khi x\u1eed l\u00fd c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p, s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u (DFD) n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1ef1c quan h\u00f3a s\u1ef1 di chuy\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a th\u00f4ng tin. Tuy nhi\u00ean, c\u00e1c t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt th\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh r\u00e0o c\u1ea3n thay v\u00ec c\u1ea7u n\u1ed1i khi tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng kinh doanh, qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd ho\u1eb7c kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng. Th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c n\u1eb1m \u1edf vi\u1ec7c chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i logic k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt th\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n tr\u1ef1c quan m\u00e0 c\u00e1c b\u00ean li\u00ean quan kh\u00f4ng chuy\u00ean c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb nh\u1ea7m l\u1eabn.<\/p>\n

H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn n\u00e0y kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 c\u00e1ch x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 giao ti\u1ebfp ph\u1ed5 qu\u00e1t. B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng, b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh v\u00e0 \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng m\u1ed7i s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft chung thay v\u00ec t\u1ea1o ra s\u1ef1 m\u01a1 h\u1ed3 m\u1edbi. Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i s\u1ebd \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng, nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf v\u00e0 chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y c\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 n\u00e0y m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00e1c nhau.<\/p>\n

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\"Sketch-style<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n

S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u l\u00e0 g\u00ec? \ud83e\udd14<\/h2>\n

S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n \u0111\u1ed3 h\u1ecda v\u1ec1 d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y d\u1eef li\u1ec7u qua m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng th\u00f4ng tin. Kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 l\u01b0u \u0111\u1ed3, v\u1ed1n m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 lu\u1ed3ng \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n v\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m ra quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh, DFD ch\u1ec9 t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 di chuy\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. N\u00f3 tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi: \u201cTh\u00f4ng tin \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eeb \u0111\u00e2u, \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e2u v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0u tr\u1eef nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o?\u201d<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c b\u00ean li\u00ean quan kh\u00f4ng chuy\u00ean, DFD \u00edt li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n h\u01a1n l\u00e0 logic kinh doanh. N\u00f3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n \u201cc\u00e1i g\u00ec\u201d v\u00e0 \u201c\u1edf \u0111\u00e2u\u201d c\u1ee7a d\u1eef li\u1ec7u m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng nh\u1ea5t thi\u1ebft chi ti\u1ebft c\u00e1ch tri\u1ec3n khai. S\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t n\u00e0y r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng. Khi lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf c\u00e1c chi ti\u1ebft tri\u1ec3n khai k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt, DFD tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3 c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng kinh doanh.<\/p>\n

C\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n<\/h3>\n

Tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi b\u1eaft tay v\u00e0o thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf, \u0111i\u1ec1u quan tr\u1ecdng l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 c\u00e1c kh\u1ed1i x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng. M\u1ed7i s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u bao g\u1ed3m b\u1ed1n th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n ch\u00ednh. S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef chu\u1ea9n gi\u00fap \u00edch, nh\u01b0ng gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch \u00fd ngh\u0129a b\u1eb1ng ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef kinh doanh s\u1ebd \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft.<\/p>\n

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  • C\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i:<\/strong> \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi, ph\u00f2ng ban ho\u1eb7c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng n\u1eb1m ngo\u00e0i ph\u1ea1m vi tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp c\u1ee7a d\u1ef1 \u00e1n. H\u00e3y ngh\u0129 \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u00fang nh\u01b0 ngu\u1ed3n ho\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, m\u1ed9t \u201cKh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng\u201d ho\u1eb7c m\u1ed9t \u201cH\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng\u201d \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i.<\/li>\n
  • C\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh:<\/strong> \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 c\u00e1c h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. M\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh nh\u1eadn d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o, thay \u0111\u1ed5i n\u00f3 v\u00e0 t\u1ea1o ra d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ea7u ra. Theo ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef kinh doanh, \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 ho\u1eb7c b\u01b0\u1edbc trong quy tr\u00ecnh l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 \u201cX\u00e1c minh \u0111\u01a1n h\u00e0ng\u201d ho\u1eb7c \u201cT\u00ednh thu\u1ebf\u201d.<\/li>\n
  • C\u00e1c kho d\u1eef li\u1ec7u:<\/strong> Ch\u00fang \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho nh\u1eefng n\u01a1i l\u01b0u tr\u1eef d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng sau n\u00e0y. Ch\u00fang kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 b\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ec7m t\u1ea1m th\u1eddi m\u00e0 l\u00e0 c\u00e1c kho l\u01b0u tr\u1eef l\u00e2u d\u00e0i ho\u1eb7c b\u00e1n l\u00e2u d\u00e0i. V\u00ed d\u1ee5 bao g\u1ed3m m\u1ed9t \u201cC\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u\u201d, m\u1ed9t \u201cB\u1ea3ng t\u00ednh\u201d ho\u1eb7c m\u1ed9t \u201cKho h\u00e0ng\u201d.<\/li>\n
  • C\u00e1c lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u:<\/strong> \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 c\u00e1c m\u0169i t\u00ean k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n. Ch\u00fang th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n h\u01b0\u1edbng m\u00e0 th\u00f4ng tin di chuy\u1ec3n. M\u1ed9t lu\u1ed3ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi nh\u00e3n l\u00e0 \u201cH\u00f3a \u0111\u01a1n\u201d ho\u1eb7c \u201cX\u00e1c nh\u1eadn thanh to\u00e1n\u201d.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

    T\u1ea1i sao c\u00e1c b\u00ean li\u00ean quan c\u1ea7n c\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng \ud83c\udfaf<\/h2>\n

    M\u1ee5c ti\u00eau ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a DFD l\u00e0 giao ti\u1ebfp. N\u1ebfu s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec3u b\u1edfi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1edf h\u1eefu quy tr\u00ecnh kinh doanh, th\u00ec n\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch. D\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 l\u00fd do v\u00ec sao s\u1ef1 r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng l\u1ea1i quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m kh\u00f4ng chuy\u00ean:<\/p>\n

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    • X\u00e1c minh y\u00eau c\u1ea7u:<\/strong>C\u00e1c b\u00ean li\u00ean quan c\u1ea7n x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng x\u1eed l\u00fd d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd \u0111\u00fang c\u00e1ch. M\u1ed9t s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng gi\u00fap h\u1ecd ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c b\u01b0\u1edbc b\u1ecb thi\u1ebfu ho\u1eb7c lu\u1ed3ng sai trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n l\u1eadp k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch.<\/li>\n
    • X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh ph\u1ea1m vi:<\/strong>C\u00e1c h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh gi\u00fap x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh nh\u1eefng g\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bao g\u1ed3m trong d\u1ef1 \u00e1n v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec b\u1ecb lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y ng\u0103n ng\u1eeba hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng ph\u1ea1m vi trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n sau n\u00e0y.<\/li>\n
    • T\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a quy tr\u00ecnh:<\/strong> M\u1ed9t khi c\u00e1c b\u00ean li\u00ean quan hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 lu\u1ed3ng, h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m ngh\u1ebdn ho\u1eb7c s\u1ef1 tr\u00f9ng l\u1eb7p trong quy tr\u00ecnh hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i m\u00e0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u1ea7n gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft.<\/li>\n
    • \u0110\u00e0o t\u1ea1o v\u00e0 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng:<\/strong> Khi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111i v\u00e0o ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng, ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng c\u1ea7n hi\u1ec3u c\u00e1ch n\u00f3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng. DFD \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o c\u1ea5p cao, gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a d\u1eef li\u1ec7u.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

      M\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 tr\u1eebu t\u01b0\u1ee3ng: T\u1eeb b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh \u0111\u1ebfn chi ti\u1ebft \ud83d\udd0d<\/h2>\n

      M\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng sai l\u1ea7m ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn nh\u1ea5t khi t\u1ea1o DFD l\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p qu\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u chi ti\u1ebft qu\u00e1 s\u1edbm. C\u00e1c b\u00ean li\u00ean quan kh\u00f4ng chuy\u00ean th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y cho\u00e1ng ng\u1ee3p b\u1edfi c\u00e1c m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p g\u1ed3m \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00e9t v\u00e0 h\u00ecnh h\u1ed9p. \u0110\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y, h\u00e3y s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p theo l\u1edbp.<\/p>\n

      M\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 0: S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh<\/h3>\n

      \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 b\u1ea3n t\u1ed5ng quan c\u1ea5p cao. N\u00f3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t bong b\u00f3ng qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh duy nh\u1ea5t. N\u00f3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i v\u00e0 c\u00e1c lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u ch\u00ednh \u0111i v\u00e0o ho\u1eb7c ra kh\u1ecfi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec3m kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ea7u l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng cho m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c h\u1ecdp v\u1edbi c\u1ea5p l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o cao c\u1ea5p. N\u00f3 tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi: \u201cH\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng n\u00e0y l\u00e0m g\u00ec cho ch\u00fang ta?\u201d<\/p>\n

      M\u1ee9c 1: C\u00e1c quy tr\u00ecnh ch\u00ednh<\/h3>\n

      Sau khi b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00ea duy\u1ec7t, b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd ph\u00e2n t\u00edch h\u00ecnh tr\u00f2n duy nh\u1ea5t th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c quy tr\u00ecnh con ch\u00ednh. M\u1ee9c n\u00e0y chia h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c khu v\u1ef1c ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, m\u1ed9t “H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd \u0111\u01a1n h\u00e0ng” c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia th\u00e0nh “Nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01a1n h\u00e0ng”, “X\u1eed l\u00fd thanh to\u00e1n”, v\u00e0 “Giao h\u00e0ng”. M\u1ee9c n\u00e0y ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1edfng ph\u00f2ng.<\/p>\n

      M\u1ee9c 2: C\u00e1c b\u01b0\u1edbc chi ti\u1ebft<\/h3>\n

      M\u1ee9c n\u00e0y th\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00e0nh ri\u00eang cho c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9i k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt v\u00e0 chuy\u00ean gia ph\u00e2n t\u00edch. N\u00f3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n logic c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 b\u00ean trong m\u1ed9t quy tr\u00ecnh m\u1ee9c 1. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c b\u00ean li\u00ean quan kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt, m\u1ee9c n\u00e0y th\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft tr\u1eeb khi h\u1ecd c\u1ea7n hi\u1ec3u s\u00e2u v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t lu\u1ed3ng c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 v\u00e0 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p.<\/p>\n

      Nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng \ud83c\udfa8<\/h2>\n

      Ngay c\u1ea3 khi s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u00fang c\u00e1c m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9, m\u1ed9t s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 DFD \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf k\u00e9m v\u1eabn c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y nh\u1ea7m l\u1eabn. Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1ea3i nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c. H\u00e3y tu\u00e2n theo c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n d\u1ec5 ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn.<\/p>\n

        \n
      • T\u00ednh nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n l\u00e0 ch\u00eca kh\u00f3a:<\/strong>S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng cho c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i ph\u1ea7n t\u1eed gi\u1ed1ng nhau trong su\u1ed1t t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u. N\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t quy tr\u00ecnh l\u00e0 h\u00ecnh ch\u1eef nh\u1eadt bo tr\u00f2n trong s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh, th\u00ec n\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i v\u1eabn l\u00e0 h\u00ecnh ch\u1eef nh\u1eadt bo tr\u00f2n trong c\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 chi ti\u1ebft.<\/li>\n
      • H\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf giao nhau:<\/strong> H\u00e3y c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng giao nhau. C\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng giao nhau t\u1ea1o ra ti\u1ebfng \u1ed3n th\u1ecb gi\u00e1c v\u00e0 khi\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c theo d\u00f5i m\u1ed9t h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 tr\u1edf n\u00ean kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n. N\u1ebfu c\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u1ea3i giao nhau, h\u00e3y s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u c\u1ea7u v\u01b0\u1ee3t ho\u1eb7c s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp l\u1ea1i b\u1ed1 c\u1ee5c.<\/li>\n
      • S\u1eafp x\u1ebfp theo logic:<\/strong> S\u1eafp x\u1ebfp s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 theo h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u1eeb tr\u00e1i sang ph\u1ea3i ho\u1eb7c t\u1eeb tr\u00ean xu\u1ed1ng d\u01b0\u1edbi. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y b\u1eaft ch\u01b0\u1edbc th\u00f3i quen \u0111\u1ecdc t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean v\u00e0 gi\u00fap vi\u1ec7c theo d\u00f5i lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u tr\u1edf n\u00ean tr\u1ef1c quan.<\/li>\n
      • Nh\u00e3n c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a:<\/strong> M\u1ed7i m\u0169i t\u00ean n\u00ean c\u00f3 nh\u00e3n l\u00e0 c\u1ee5m danh t\u1eeb (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: “D\u1eef li\u1ec7u kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng”). M\u1ed7i quy tr\u00ecnh n\u00ean c\u00f3 nh\u00e3n l\u00e0 c\u1ee5m \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1eeb-danh t\u1eeb (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: “C\u1eadp nh\u1eadt kho h\u00e0ng”). Tr\u00e1nh d\u00f9ng c\u00e1c thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef m\u01a1 h\u1ed3 nh\u01b0 “X\u1eed l\u00fd d\u1eef li\u1ec7u” m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng n\u00eau r\u00f5 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3.<\/li>\n
      • C\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 chi ti\u1ebft:<\/strong> \u0110\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o m\u1ed7i quy tr\u00ecnh c\u00f3 m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 chi ti\u1ebft t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng nhau. Kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb m\u1ed9t quy tr\u00ecnh c\u00f3 n\u0103m b\u01b0\u1edbc con trong khi quy tr\u00ecnh kh\u00e1c l\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 b\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0o.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

        B\u1ea3ng tra c\u1ee9u k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u<\/h3>\n

        M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 c\u00e1c ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i, t\u00ednh nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n trong t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh b\u1ea1n quan tr\u1ecdng h\u01a1n vi\u1ec7c tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 nghi\u00eam ng\u1eb7t m\u1ed9t ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3. Tuy nhi\u00ean, vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u d\u1ec5 nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft s\u1ebd gi\u00fap \u00edch.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
        Ph\u1ea7n t\u1eed<\/th>\nM\u00f4 t\u1ea3 h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng<\/th>\n\u00dd ngh\u0129a kinh doanh<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
        Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i<\/td>\nH\u00ecnh vu\u00f4ng ho\u1eb7c h\u00ecnh tr\u00f2n<\/td>\nAi ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1i g\u00ec cung c\u1ea5p ho\u1eb7c nh\u1eadn d\u1eef li\u1ec7u (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: Ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng, Nh\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
        Quy tr\u00ecnh<\/td>\nH\u00ecnh ch\u1eef nh\u1eadt bo tr\u00f2n<\/td>\n\u0110i\u1ec1u g\u00ec x\u1ea3y ra v\u1edbi d\u1eef li\u1ec7u (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: T\u00ednh to\u00e1n, X\u00e1c th\u1ef1c, L\u01b0u tr\u1eef)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
        Kho d\u1eef li\u1ec7u<\/td>\nH\u00ecnh ch\u1eef nh\u1eadt h\u1edf<\/td>\nN\u01a1i d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0u tr\u1eef (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: T\u1eadp tin, C\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u, Nh\u1eadt k\u00fd)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
        Lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u<\/td>\nM\u0169i t\u00ean<\/td>\nS\u1ef1 di chuy\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a th\u00f4ng tin (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: B\u00e1o c\u00e1o, Y\u00eau c\u1ea7u, T\u1eadp tin)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

        Nh\u1eefng hi\u1ec3u l\u1ea7m ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn c\u1ea7n tr\u00e1nh \ud83d\udeab<\/h2>\n

        C\u00e1c b\u00ean li\u00ean quan th\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u1ea7m l\u1eabn DFD v\u1edbi c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 kh\u00e1c. Qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd k\u1ef3 v\u1ecdng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf. H\u00e3y r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng v\u1ec1 DFD l\u00e0 g\u00eckh\u00f4ng<\/em>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
        Suy ngh\u0129 sai l\u1ea7m<\/th>\nTh\u1ef1c t\u1ebf<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
        DFD th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n logic quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh (C\u00f3\/Kh\u00f4ng)<\/td>\nDFD th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n s\u1ef1 di chuy\u1ec3n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. Logic quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng ho\u1eb7c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
        DFD th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1 c\u00e1c thao t\u00e1c<\/td>\nDFD kh\u00f4ng d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean th\u1eddi gian. Ch\u00fang th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i tr\u00ecnh t\u1ef1.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
        DFD th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac m\u00e3 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt<\/td>\nDFD t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o d\u1eef li\u1ec7u kinh doanh, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m hay c\u00e1c m\u00f4-\u0111un m\u00e3.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
        DFD th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c m\u00e0n h\u00ecnh giao di\u1ec7n ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng<\/td>\nDFD t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u1ea9n ph\u00eda sau, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i nh\u1eefng g\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng th\u1ea5y tr\u00ean m\u00e0n h\u00ecnh.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

        H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn t\u1eebng b\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1ea1o DFD th\u00e2n thi\u1ec7n v\u1edbi c\u00e1c b\u00ean li\u00ean quan \ud83d\udee0\ufe0f<\/h2>\n

        Th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n theo quy tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n. Quy tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y \u01b0u ti\u00ean ph\u1ea3n h\u1ed3i v\u00e0 l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n

        1. X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh ph\u1ea1m vi<\/h3>\n

        X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh ranh gi\u1edbi c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. \u0110i\u1ec1u g\u00ec n\u1eb1m trong h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec n\u1eb1m ngo\u00e0i? Tham gia s\u1edbm c\u00e1c b\u00ean li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t c\u00e1c ranh gi\u1edbi n\u00e0y. N\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t b\u00ean li\u00ean quan mong \u0111\u1ee3i m\u1ed9t t\u00ednh n\u0103ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bao g\u1ed3m nh\u01b0ng n\u00f3 n\u1eb1m ngo\u00e0i ph\u1ea1m vi, h\u1ecd s\u1ebd b\u1ecb nh\u1ea7m l\u1eabn sau n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

        2. Thu th\u1eadp d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o<\/h3>\n

        Ph\u1ecfng v\u1ea5n ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng. H\u1ecfi h\u1ecd v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y. H\u1ecd nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00f4ng tin g\u00ec? H\u1ecd t\u1ea1o ra \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec? H\u1ecd l\u01b0u tr\u1eef t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u n\u00e0o? Th\u00f4ng tin n\u00e0y t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3.<\/p>\n

        3. V\u1ebd s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh<\/h3>\n

        B\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u b\u1eb1ng b\u1ee9c tranh t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3. V\u1ebd qu\u1ea3 b\u00f3ng h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng duy nh\u1ea5t. K\u1ebft n\u1ed1i c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i. Ch\u01b0a th\u00eam c\u00e1c quy tr\u00ecnh n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9. Ch\u1ec9 hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u ra ch\u00ednh. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec3m ki\u1ec3m tra \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n.<\/p>\n

        4. Xem x\u00e9t c\u00f9ng c\u00e1c b\u00ean li\u00ean quan<\/h3>\n

        Tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh. \u0110\u1eb7t c\u00e1c c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3: \u201cLi\u1ec7u s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 n\u00e0y c\u00f3 ghi l\u1ea1i t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng?\u201d \u201cC\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec b\u1ecb thi\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng?\u201d \u201cC\u00e1c nh\u00e3n n\u00e0y c\u00f3 \u0111\u00fang kh\u00f4ng?\u201d \u0110\u1eebng h\u1ecfi \u201cB\u1ea1n c\u00f3 hi\u1ec3u \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng?\u201d Thay v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, h\u00e3y h\u1ecfi \u201cLi\u1ec7u \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 kh\u1edbp v\u1edbi hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n v\u1ec1 quy tr\u00ecnh l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c kh\u00f4ng?\u201d<\/p>\n

        5. Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch th\u00e0nh c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 1<\/h3>\n

        Sau khi b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ea5p thu\u1eadn, chia qu\u1ea3 b\u00f3ng h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c quy tr\u00ecnh ch\u00ednh. \u0110\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o m\u1ecdi lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u t\u1eeb s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh trong s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 1. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 g\u00ec b\u1ecb m\u1ea5t trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh chuy\u1ec3n t\u1ea3i.<\/p>\n

        6. X\u00e1c minh c\u00e1c kho d\u1eef li\u1ec7u<\/h3>\n

        Ki\u1ec3m tra xem d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0u tr\u1eef ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p hay kh\u00f4ng. Li\u1ec7u c\u00f3 n\u01a1i n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0u t\u1ea1m kh\u00f4ng? \u0110\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o m\u1ecdi quy tr\u00ecnh t\u1ea1o ra d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn kho d\u1eef li\u1ec7u ho\u1eb7c lu\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ea7u ra.<\/p>\n

        7. L\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean ph\u1ea3n h\u1ed3i<\/h3>\n

        Tinh ch\u1ec9nh s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean c\u00e1c nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t. C\u00e1c b\u00ean li\u00ean quan c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t t\u00e1ch ho\u1eb7c g\u1ed9p m\u1ed9t quy tr\u00ecnh. \u0110i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh b\u1ed1 c\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m cho n\u00f3 g\u1ecdn g\u00e0ng h\u01a1n. \u0110\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 d\u1ec5 \u0111\u1ecdc. N\u1ebfu n\u00f3 tr\u1edf n\u00ean qu\u00e1 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p, h\u00e3y c\u00e2n nh\u1eafc chia th\u00e0nh nhi\u1ec1u g\u00f3c nh\u00ecn.<\/p>\n

        H\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 cu\u1ed9c h\u1ecdp xem x\u00e9t \ud83d\udde3\ufe0f<\/h2>\n

        Tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y m\u1ed9t s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u (DFD) l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t. C\u00e1ch b\u1ea1n tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 quan tr\u1ecdng kh\u00f4ng k\u00e9m g\u00ec ch\u00ednh s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n

          \n
        • B\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u b\u1eb1ng c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n:<\/strong>B\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 m\u1ed9t giao d\u1ecbch c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3. \u201cKhi kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1eb7t h\u00e0ng\u2026\u201d. Theo d\u00f5i lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u qua s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 khi b\u1ea1n n\u00f3i. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y gi\u00fap c\u00e1c k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u tr\u1eebu t\u01b0\u1ee3ng g\u1eafn v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3.<\/li>\n
        • S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ghi ch\u00fa v\u1eadt l\u00fd ho\u1eb7c s\u1ed1 h\u00f3a:<\/strong>N\u1ebfu c\u00f3 th\u1ec3, h\u00e3y cho ph\u00e9p c\u00e1c b\u00ean li\u00ean quan ghi ch\u00fa tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp l\u00ean s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3. Vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt m\u1ed9t lu\u1ed3ng c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 ho\u1eb7c ch\u1ec9 ra m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n b\u1ecb thi\u1ebfu s\u1ebd khi\u1ebfn h\u1ecd c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tham gia v\u00e0o qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf.<\/li>\n
        • Tr\u00e1nh d\u00f9ng thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt:<\/strong>\u0110\u1eebng n\u00f3i: \u201cT\u00f4i c\u1ea7n c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c lu\u1ed3ng.\u201d H\u00e3y n\u00f3i: \u201cT\u00f4i c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o m\u1ecdi d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u00e0o \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u1ec1u ph\u1ea3i ra kh\u1ecfi \u0111\u00e2y ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0u tr\u1eef.\u201d<\/li>\n
        • T\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb kinh doanh:<\/strong>Gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch c\u00e1ch lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 c\u00e1c m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau kinh doanh. N\u1ebfu d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0u tr\u1eef theo c\u00e1ch c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3, h\u00e3y gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch r\u1eb1ng \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 b\u00e1o c\u00e1o ho\u1eb7c tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

          Nh\u1eefng sai l\u1ea7m c\u1ea7n l\u01b0u \u00fd \u26a0\ufe0f<\/h2>\n

          Ngay c\u1ea3 v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng \u00fd \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u1ed1t, l\u1ed7i v\u1eabn c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u1ecdt v\u00e0o thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf. H\u00e3y c\u1ea3nh gi\u00e1c v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

            \n
          • H\u1ed1 \u0111en:<\/strong>M\u1ed9t quy tr\u00ecnh nh\u1eadn \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng t\u1ea1o ra \u0111\u1ea7u ra. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y ng\u1ee5 \u00fd d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111ang bi\u1ebfn m\u1ea5t, th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 do l\u1ed7i.<\/li>\n
          • H\u1ed1 x\u00e1m:<\/strong>M\u1ed9t quy tr\u00ecnh nh\u1eadn \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o l\u1edbn nh\u01b0ng t\u1ea1o ra \u0111\u1ea7u ra nh\u1ecf v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng li\u00ean quan. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y cho th\u1ea5y d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111ang b\u1ecb m\u1ea5t ho\u1eb7c b\u1ecb b\u1ecf qua.<\/li>\n
          • H\u00ecnh thoi:<\/strong>Tr\u00e1nh d\u00f9ng h\u00ecnh thoi \u0111\u1ec3 bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh. Theo ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n DFD, h\u00ecnh thoi kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u chu\u1ea9n. H\u00e3y d\u00f9ng h\u00ecnh ch\u1eef nh\u1eadt tr\u00f2n \u0111\u1ec3 bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n quy tr\u00ecnh.<\/li>\n
          • C\u00e1c lu\u1ed3ng ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u00e1n nh\u00e3n:<\/strong>Kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd \u0111\u1ec3 m\u1ed9t m\u0169i t\u00ean m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 nh\u00e3n. N\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t b\u00ean li\u00ean quan kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1eef li\u1ec7u l\u00e0 g\u00ec, s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 s\u1ebd tr\u1edf n\u00ean v\u00f4 d\u1ee5ng.<\/li>\n
          • C\u00e1c ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00f2ng l\u1eb7p:<\/strong>\u0110\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o d\u1eef li\u1ec7u kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ea3y theo v\u00f2ng l\u1eb7p v\u00f4 h\u1ea1n m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u1eed l\u00fd ho\u1eb7c l\u01b0u tr\u1eef. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y cho th\u1ea5y c\u00f3 l\u1ed7i logic trong quy tr\u00ecnh l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

            Duy tr\u00ec s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 theo th\u1eddi gian \ud83d\udd04<\/h2>\n

            M\u1ed9t s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u (DFD) kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n. C\u00e1c quy tr\u00ecnh kinh doanh thay \u0111\u1ed5i. H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n. M\u1ed9t DFD ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c h\u00f4m nay c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u1edf n\u00ean l\u1ed7i th\u1eddi sau s\u00e1u th\u00e1ng. \u0110\u1ec3 duy tr\u00ec t\u00ednh h\u1eefu \u00edch c\u1ee7a s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3:<\/p>\n

              \n
            • Ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n:<\/strong>Theo d\u00f5i c\u00e1c thay \u0111\u1ed5i. Ghi ch\u00fa ng\u00e0y v\u00e0 l\u00fd do c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt.<\/li>\n
            • K\u00edch ho\u1ea1t c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c xem x\u00e9t:<\/strong> L\u00ean l\u1ecbch ki\u1ec3m tra khi th\u00eam t\u00ednh n\u0103ng m\u1edbi ho\u1eb7c khi x\u1ea3y ra thay \u0111\u1ed5i l\u1edbn trong quy tr\u00ecnh.<\/li>\n
            • L\u01b0u tr\u1eef c\u00e1c phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n c\u0169:<\/strong>Gi\u1eef l\u1ea1i c\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed \u0111\u1ec3 truy v\u1ebft ki\u1ec3m to\u00e1n ho\u1eb7c hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 c\u00e1c quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh trong qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9.<\/li>\n
            • T\u1eadp trung truy c\u1eadp:<\/strong>\u0110\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c b\u00ean li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ec1u bi\u1ebft n\u01a1i t\u00ecm phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i. Kh\u00f4ng lan truy\u1ec1n c\u00e1c t\u1ec7p PDF c\u0169 qua email.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

              C\u1ea7u n\u1ed1i kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch gi\u1eefa CNTT v\u00e0 kinh doanh \ud83e\udd1d<\/h2>\n

              Th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng t\u1ed1i th\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u (DFD) kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 n\u1eb1m \u1edf \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh, m\u00e0 c\u00f2n \u1edf kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1ed9 h\u00f3a gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9i k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt v\u00e0 kinh doanh. Khi c\u00e1c b\u00ean li\u00ean quan hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u, h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0a ra quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 ph\u00e2n b\u1ed5 ngu\u1ed3n l\u1ef1c, qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd r\u1ee7i ro v\u00e0 l\u1eadp k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/p>\n

              B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch coi DFD nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 giao ti\u1ebfp thay v\u00ec m\u1ed9t y\u00eau c\u1ea7u k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt, b\u1ea1n bi\u1ebfn n\u00f3 th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef chung. Ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef chung n\u00e0y gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u xung \u0111\u1ed9t trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng nhu c\u1ea7u th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a doanh nghi\u1ec7p. N\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c b\u1ecf ra \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m cho c\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 n\u00e0y d\u1ec5 hi\u1ec3u s\u1ebd mang l\u1ea1i l\u1ee3i \u00edch qua vi\u1ec7c gi\u1ea3m c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m l\u1ea1i v\u00e0 t\u0103ng s\u1ef1 h\u00e0i l\u00f2ng c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng.<\/p>\n

              H\u00e3y nh\u1edb, m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9ng minh n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt m\u00e0 l\u00e0 t\u1ea1o \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n cho s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft. H\u00e3y gi\u1eef s\u1ef1 t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o lu\u1ed3ng th\u00f4ng tin, qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i quy t\u1eafc kinh doanh v\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c l\u01b0u tr\u1eef h\u1ed3 s\u01a1. Khi c\u00e1c b\u00ean li\u00ean quan th\u1ea5y ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng trong s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3, ni\u1ec1m tin \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n ti\u1ebfn tri\u1ec3n m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch minh b\u1ea1ch.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

              Vi\u1ec7c t\u1ea1o ra t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng quan tr\u1ecdng trong ph\u00e2n t\u00edch h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd quy tr\u00ecnh kinh doanh. Khi x\u1eed l\u00fd c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p, s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u (DFD) n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1ef1c quan h\u00f3a s\u1ef1 di chuy\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a th\u00f4ng tin. Tuy nhi\u00ean, c\u00e1c t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt th\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh r\u00e0o c\u1ea3n thay v\u00ec c\u1ea7u n\u1ed1i khi tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng kinh doanh, qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd ho\u1eb7c kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng. Th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c n\u1eb1m \u1edf vi\u1ec7c chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i logic k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt th\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n tr\u1ef1c quan m\u00e0 c\u00e1c b\u00ean li\u00ean quan kh\u00f4ng chuy\u00ean c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb nh\u1ea7m l\u1eabn. H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn n\u00e0y kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 c\u00e1ch x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 giao ti\u1ebfp ph\u1ed5 qu\u00e1t. B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng, b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh v\u00e0 \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng m\u1ed7i s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft chung thay v\u00ec t\u1ea1o ra s\u1ef1 m\u01a1 h\u1ed3 m\u1edbi. Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i s\u1ebd \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng, nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf v\u00e0 chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y c\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 n\u00e0y m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00e1c nhau. S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u l\u00e0 g\u00ec? \ud83e\udd14 S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n \u0111\u1ed3 h\u1ecda v\u1ec1 d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y d\u1eef li\u1ec7u qua m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng th\u00f4ng tin. Kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 l\u01b0u \u0111\u1ed3, v\u1ed1n m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 lu\u1ed3ng \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n v\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m ra quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh, DFD ch\u1ec9 t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 di chuy\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. N\u00f3 tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi: \u201cTh\u00f4ng tin \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eeb \u0111\u00e2u, \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e2u v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0u tr\u1eef nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o?\u201d \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c b\u00ean li\u00ean quan kh\u00f4ng chuy\u00ean, DFD \u00edt li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n h\u01a1n l\u00e0 logic kinh doanh. N\u00f3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n \u201cc\u00e1i g\u00ec\u201d v\u00e0 \u201c\u1edf \u0111\u00e2u\u201d c\u1ee7a d\u1eef li\u1ec7u m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng nh\u1ea5t thi\u1ebft chi ti\u1ebft c\u00e1ch tri\u1ec3n khai. S\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t n\u00e0y r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng. Khi lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf c\u00e1c chi ti\u1ebft tri\u1ec3n khai k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt, DFD tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3 c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng kinh doanh. C\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n Tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi b\u1eaft tay v\u00e0o thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf, \u0111i\u1ec1u quan tr\u1ecdng l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 c\u00e1c kh\u1ed1i x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng. M\u1ed7i s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u bao g\u1ed3m b\u1ed1n th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n ch\u00ednh. S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef chu\u1ea9n gi\u00fap \u00edch, nh\u01b0ng gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch \u00fd ngh\u0129a b\u1eb1ng ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef kinh doanh s\u1ebd \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft. C\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i: \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi, ph\u00f2ng ban ho\u1eb7c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng n\u1eb1m ngo\u00e0i ph\u1ea1m vi tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp c\u1ee7a d\u1ef1 \u00e1n. H\u00e3y ngh\u0129 \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u00fang nh\u01b0 ngu\u1ed3n ho\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, m\u1ed9t \u201cKh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng\u201d ho\u1eb7c m\u1ed9t \u201cH\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng\u201d \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i. C\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh: \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 c\u00e1c h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. M\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh nh\u1eadn d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o, thay \u0111\u1ed5i n\u00f3 v\u00e0 t\u1ea1o ra d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ea7u ra. Theo ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef kinh doanh, \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 ho\u1eb7c b\u01b0\u1edbc trong quy tr\u00ecnh l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 \u201cX\u00e1c minh \u0111\u01a1n h\u00e0ng\u201d ho\u1eb7c \u201cT\u00ednh thu\u1ebf\u201d. C\u00e1c kho d\u1eef li\u1ec7u: Ch\u00fang \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho nh\u1eefng n\u01a1i l\u01b0u tr\u1eef d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng sau n\u00e0y. Ch\u00fang kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 b\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ec7m t\u1ea1m th\u1eddi m\u00e0 l\u00e0 c\u00e1c kho l\u01b0u tr\u1eef l\u00e2u d\u00e0i ho\u1eb7c b\u00e1n l\u00e2u d\u00e0i. V\u00ed d\u1ee5 bao g\u1ed3m m\u1ed9t \u201cC\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u\u201d, m\u1ed9t \u201cB\u1ea3ng t\u00ednh\u201d ho\u1eb7c m\u1ed9t \u201cKho h\u00e0ng\u201d. C\u00e1c lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u: \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 c\u00e1c m\u0169i t\u00ean k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n. Ch\u00fang th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n h\u01b0\u1edbng m\u00e0 th\u00f4ng tin di chuy\u1ec3n. M\u1ed9t lu\u1ed3ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi nh\u00e3n l\u00e0 \u201cH\u00f3a \u0111\u01a1n\u201d ho\u1eb7c \u201cX\u00e1c nh\u1eadn thanh to\u00e1n\u201d. T\u1ea1i sao c\u00e1c b\u00ean li\u00ean quan c\u1ea7n c\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng \ud83c\udfaf M\u1ee5c ti\u00eau ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a DFD l\u00e0 giao ti\u1ebfp. N\u1ebfu s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec3u b\u1edfi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1edf h\u1eefu quy tr\u00ecnh kinh doanh, th\u00ec n\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch. D\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 l\u00fd do v\u00ec sao s\u1ef1 r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng l\u1ea1i quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m kh\u00f4ng chuy\u00ean: X\u00e1c minh y\u00eau c\u1ea7u:C\u00e1c b\u00ean li\u00ean quan c\u1ea7n x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng x\u1eed l\u00fd d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd \u0111\u00fang c\u00e1ch. M\u1ed9t s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng gi\u00fap h\u1ecd ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c b\u01b0\u1edbc b\u1ecb thi\u1ebfu ho\u1eb7c lu\u1ed3ng sai trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n l\u1eadp k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch. X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh ph\u1ea1m vi:C\u00e1c h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh gi\u00fap x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh nh\u1eefng g\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bao g\u1ed3m trong d\u1ef1 \u00e1n v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec b\u1ecb lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y ng\u0103n ng\u1eeba hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng ph\u1ea1m vi trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n sau n\u00e0y. T\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a quy tr\u00ecnh: M\u1ed9t khi c\u00e1c b\u00ean li\u00ean quan hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 lu\u1ed3ng, h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m ngh\u1ebdn ho\u1eb7c s\u1ef1 tr\u00f9ng l\u1eb7p trong quy tr\u00ecnh hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i m\u00e0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u1ea7n gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft. \u0110\u00e0o t\u1ea1o v\u00e0 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng: Khi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111i v\u00e0o ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng, ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng c\u1ea7n hi\u1ec3u c\u00e1ch n\u00f3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng. DFD \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o c\u1ea5p cao, gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. M\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 tr\u1eebu t\u01b0\u1ee3ng: T\u1eeb b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh \u0111\u1ebfn chi ti\u1ebft \ud83d\udd0d M\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng sai l\u1ea7m ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn nh\u1ea5t khi t\u1ea1o DFD l\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p qu\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u chi ti\u1ebft qu\u00e1 s\u1edbm. C\u00e1c b\u00ean li\u00ean quan kh\u00f4ng chuy\u00ean th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y cho\u00e1ng ng\u1ee3p b\u1edfi c\u00e1c m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p g\u1ed3m \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00e9t v\u00e0 h\u00ecnh h\u1ed9p. \u0110\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y, h\u00e3y s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p theo l\u1edbp. M\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 0: S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 b\u1ea3n t\u1ed5ng quan c\u1ea5p cao. N\u00f3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t bong b\u00f3ng qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh duy nh\u1ea5t. N\u00f3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i v\u00e0 c\u00e1c lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u ch\u00ednh \u0111i v\u00e0o ho\u1eb7c ra kh\u1ecfi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec3m kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ea7u l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng cho m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c h\u1ecdp v\u1edbi c\u1ea5p l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o cao c\u1ea5p. N\u00f3 tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi: \u201cH\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng n\u00e0y l\u00e0m g\u00ec cho ch\u00fang ta?\u201d M\u1ee9c 1: C\u00e1c quy<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":4227,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_yoast_wpseo_title":"S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u cho c\u00e1c b\u00ean li\u00ean quan kh\u00f4ng chuy\u00ean: H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng \ud83d\udcca","_yoast_wpseo_metadesc":"H\u1ecdc c\u00e1ch t\u1ea1o c\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u m\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9i kh\u00f4ng chuy\u00ean c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. C\u1ea7u n\u1ed1i kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch gi\u1eefa CNTT v\u00e0 kinh doanh b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh tr\u1ef1c quan r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng.","fifu_image_url":"","fifu_image_alt":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[84],"tags":[77,83],"class_list":["post-4226","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-dfd","tag-academic","tag-dfd"],"yoast_head":"\nS\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u cho c\u00e1c b\u00ean li\u00ean quan kh\u00f4ng chuy\u00ean: H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng \ud83d\udcca<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"H\u1ecdc c\u00e1ch t\u1ea1o c\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u m\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9i kh\u00f4ng chuy\u00ean c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. 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