{"id":4128,"date":"2026-03-27T02:16:59","date_gmt":"2026-03-27T02:16:59","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.diagrams-ai.com\/vn\/dfd-explained-simply-beginners-guide\/"},"modified":"2026-03-27T02:16:59","modified_gmt":"2026-03-27T02:16:59","slug":"dfd-explained-simply-beginners-guide","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.diagrams-ai.com\/vn\/dfd-explained-simply-beginners-guide\/","title":{"rendered":"Gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch DFD m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n: H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1edbi b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u"},"content":{"rendered":"

S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u (DFD) l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 thi\u1ebft y\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1ef1c quan h\u00f3a c\u00e1ch th\u00f4ng tin di chuy\u1ec3n qua m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. D\u00f9 b\u1ea1n \u0111ang thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf m\u1ed9t \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng m\u1edbi, l\u1eadp b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3 quy tr\u00ecnh kinh doanh hay ph\u00e2n t\u00edch m\u1ed9t quy tr\u00ecnh hi\u1ec7n c\u00f3, vi\u1ec7c hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u then ch\u1ed1t. H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn n\u00e0y chia nh\u1ecf kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m DFD th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c ph\u1ea7n d\u1ec5 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd, t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng v\u00e0 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf.<\/p>\n

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\"Hand-drawn<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n

\ud83e\uddd0 S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/h2>\n

S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n \u0111\u1ed3 h\u1ecda v\u1ec1 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u qua m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng th\u00f4ng tin. Kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y, v\u1ed1n t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o logic \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n v\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m ra quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh, DFD t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 di chuy\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a d\u1eef li\u1ec7u t\u1eeb ngu\u1ed3n \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00edch \u0111\u1ea7u ra. Ch\u00fang gi\u00fap c\u00e1c b\u00ean li\u00ean quan hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft l\u00e0 g\u00ec, ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c t\u1eeb \u0111\u00e2u, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u1eed l\u00fd nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o v\u00e0 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e2u.<\/p>\n

H\u00e3y h\u00ecnh dung DFD nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3 cho th\u00f4ng tin c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng b\u1ea1n. N\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n th\u1eddi gian hay th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1 c\u00e1c s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n theo c\u00e1ch tuy\u1ebfn t\u00ednh, m\u00e0 thay v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i v\u00e0 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i c\u1ee7a d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y khi\u1ebfn DFD \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t h\u1eefu \u00edch cho c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n thu th\u1eadp y\u00eau c\u1ea7u.<\/p>\n

\ud83e\udde9 B\u1ed1n th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i<\/h2>\n

\u0110\u1ec3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng m\u1ed9t DFD h\u1ee3p l\u1ec7, b\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 b\u1ed1n kh\u1ed1i x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n. M\u1ecdi s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o n\u00ean t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n n\u00e0y. S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ch\u00fang \u0111\u00fang c\u00e1ch s\u1ebd \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c logic c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng.<\/p>\n

    \n
  • C\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i<\/strong> (hay c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m k\u1ebft th\u00fac): Ch\u00fang \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho ngu\u1ed3n ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u00edch c\u1ee7a d\u1eef li\u1ec7u n\u1eb1m ngo\u00e0i ranh gi\u1edbi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. V\u00ed d\u1ee5 bao g\u1ed3m ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng, c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng kh\u00e1c ho\u1eb7c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c. Ch\u00fang l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec3m b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u ho\u1eb7c k\u1ebft th\u00fac c\u1ee7a lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u.<\/li>\n
  • C\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh<\/strong>: \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 c\u00e1c h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o th\u00e0nh d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ea7u ra. M\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh thay \u0111\u1ed5i d\u1eef li\u1ec7u theo m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 t\u00ednh t\u1ed5ng, x\u00e1c th\u1ef1c m\u1ed9t m\u1ee5c nh\u1eadp ho\u1eb7c s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp m\u1ed9t danh s\u00e1ch. M\u1ed7i qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 t\u00ean m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u00f3.<\/li>\n
  • C\u00e1c kho d\u1eef li\u1ec7u<\/strong>: \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 c\u00e1c kho l\u01b0u tr\u1eef n\u01a1i d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1eef l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng sau n\u00e0y. Ch\u00fang \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u, t\u1eadp tin ho\u1eb7c b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 n\u01a1i n\u00e0o th\u00f4ng tin \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0u tr\u1eef. D\u1eef li\u1ec7u ch\u1ea3y v\u00e0o kho \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi l\u1ea1i v\u00e0 ch\u1ea3y ra kh\u1ecfi kho \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c truy xu\u1ea5t.<\/li>\n
  • Lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u<\/strong>: \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 c\u00e1c m\u0169i t\u00ean th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n h\u01b0\u1edbng di chuy\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. Ch\u00fang k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3, qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh v\u00e0 kho d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. M\u1ed7i lu\u1ed3ng ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 nh\u00e3n m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c di chuy\u1ec3n.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

    C\u1ea7n l\u01b0u \u00fd r\u1eb1ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n hay bi\u1ebfn m\u1ea5t. M\u1ed7i \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o ph\u1ea3i d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea7u ra ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0u tr\u1eef. Nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 b\u1ea3o to\u00e0n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u.<\/p>\n

    \ud83d\udcc9 Hi\u1ec3u v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 DFD<\/h2>\n

    DFD c\u00f3 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac ph\u00e2n c\u1ea5p. B\u1ea1n b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn t\u1ed5ng quan c\u1ea5p cao, r\u1ed3i ph\u00e2n t\u00edch th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn chi ti\u1ebft h\u01a1n khi c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft. K\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt n\u00e0y gi\u00fap b\u1ea1n qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch \u1ea9n c\u00e1c chi ti\u1ebft cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi ch\u00fang th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft.<\/p>\n

    1. S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh (C\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 0)<\/h3>\n

    S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh l\u00e0 c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 tr\u1eebu t\u01b0\u1ee3ng cao nh\u1ea5t. N\u00f3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh duy nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0 c\u00e1c t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 v\u1edbi c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i. S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 kho d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. N\u00f3 tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi: \u201cCh\u1ee9c n\u0103ng ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng n\u00e0y l\u00e0 g\u00ec?\u201d<\/p>\n

      \n
    • M\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh trung t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng.<\/li>\n
    • T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i xung quanh n\u00f3.<\/li>\n
    • C\u00e1c lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u ch\u00ednh \u0111i v\u00e0o v\u00e0 \u0111i ra kh\u1ecfi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

      2. S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 1<\/h3>\n

      S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 1 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh duy nh\u1ea5t t\u1eeb s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh con ch\u00ednh. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 n\u01a1i b\u1ea1n b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1ea5y c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac b\u00ean trong. B\u1ea1n s\u1ebd th\u1ea5y c\u00e1c kho d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 c\u00e1c lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n

        \n
      • Hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb c\u00e1c ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng ch\u00ednh c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng.<\/li>\n
      • X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh n\u01a1i d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0u tr\u1eef b\u00ean trong.<\/li>\n
      • K\u1ebft n\u1ed1i c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

        3. S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 2 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 cao h\u01a1n<\/h3>\n

        N\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh trong s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 1 qu\u00e1 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch s\u00e2u h\u01a1n th\u00e0nh s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 2. Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ph\u00e2n t\u00edch n\u00e0y ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi c\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh tr\u1edf n\u00ean \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec3 tri\u1ec3n khai. Th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng, b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd d\u1eebng l\u1ea1i khi logic \u0111\u00e3 r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh ho\u1eb7c th\u1ef1c thi.<\/p>\n

        \ud83c\udfa8 So s\u00e1nh c\u00e1c phong c\u00e1ch k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u<\/h2>\n

        C\u00f3 hai phong c\u00e1ch ch\u00ednh \u0111\u1ec3 v\u1ebd s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 DFD. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 ch\u00fang bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n c\u00f9ng c\u00e1c kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m logic, nh\u01b0ng c\u00e1c k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t nh\u1ecf. Vi\u1ec7c ch\u1ecdn k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o s\u1edf th\u00edch c\u1ee7a nh\u00f3m b\u1ea1n ho\u1eb7c ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n ng\u00e0nh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
        Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n<\/th>\nYourdon & DeMarco<\/th>\nGane & Sarson<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
        Quy tr\u00ecnh<\/td>\nH\u00ecnh ch\u1eef nh\u1eadt tr\u00f2n<\/td>\nH\u00ecnh ch\u1eef nh\u1eadt c\u00f3 c\u00e1c g\u00f3c tr\u00f2n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
        Kho d\u1eef li\u1ec7u<\/td>\nH\u00ecnh ch\u1eef nh\u1eadt h\u1edf<\/td>\nH\u00ecnh ch\u1eef nh\u1eadt c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t c\u1ea1nh h\u1edf<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
        Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i<\/td>\nH\u00ecnh ch\u1eef nh\u1eadt<\/td>\nH\u00ecnh ch\u1eef nh\u1eadt<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
        D\u00f2ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u<\/td>\nM\u0169i t\u00ean cong<\/td>\nM\u0169i t\u00ean th\u1eb3ng<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

        C\u1ea3 hai k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ec1u h\u1ee3p l\u1ec7. \u0110i\u1ec1u quan tr\u1ecdng l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n. N\u1ebfu nh\u00f3m b\u1ea1n s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng Gane & Sarson, h\u00e3y duy tr\u00ec n\u00f3 cho t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3. Vi\u1ec7c tr\u1ed9n l\u1eabn c\u00e1c k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 khi\u1ebfn ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecdc b\u1ed1i r\u1ed1i v\u00e0 l\u00e0m m\u1edd \u00fd ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3.<\/p>\n

        \ud83d\udee0\ufe0f T\u1ea1o quy tr\u00ecnh t\u1eebng b\u01b0\u1edbc<\/h2>\n

        Vi\u1ec7c t\u1ea1o s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 DFD l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u00e0i t\u1eadp logic. B\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u, d\u00f9 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 trong vi\u1ec7c b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec. H\u00e3y tu\u00e2n theo c\u00e1c b\u01b0\u1edbc logic n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng m\u1ed9t s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a.<\/p>\n

        B\u01b0\u1edbc 1: X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh ph\u1ea1m vi<\/h3>\n

        X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh ranh gi\u1edbi c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. \u0110i\u1ec1u g\u00ec n\u1eb1m b\u00ean trong h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec n\u1eb1m b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i? \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i v\u00e0 c\u00e1c quy tr\u00ecnh b\u00ean trong. N\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t quy tr\u00ecnh n\u1eb1m ngo\u00e0i ranh gi\u1edbi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng, th\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i.<\/p>\n

        B\u01b0\u1edbc 2: V\u1ebd s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh<\/h3>\n

        B\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u b\u1eb1ng b\u1ee9c tranh t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3. \u0110\u1eb7t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng m\u1ed9t qu\u1ea3 b\u00f3ng duy nh\u1ea5t. V\u1ebd c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c v\u1edbi n\u00f3. V\u1ebd c\u00e1c lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u ch\u00ednh gi\u1eefa ch\u00fang. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o b\u1ea1n hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u ra c\u1ea5p cao tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi \u0111i v\u00e0o chi ti\u1ebft.<\/p>\n

        B\u01b0\u1edbc 3: Ph\u00e2n r\u00e3 c\u00e1c quy tr\u00ecnh<\/h3>\n

        L\u1ea5y quy tr\u00ecnh ch\u00ednh t\u1eeb s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh v\u00e0 chia nh\u1ecf th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c quy tr\u00ecnh con. T\u1ef1 h\u1ecfi b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n: \u201cNh\u1eefng b\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u00ednh tham gia l\u00e0 g\u00ec?\u201d Th\u00eam c\u00e1c kho d\u1eef li\u1ec7u n\u01a1i th\u00f4ng tin \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0u gi\u1eef gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c b\u01b0\u1edbc. \u0110\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o m\u1ecdi lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ec1u k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t quy tr\u00ecnh ho\u1eb7c m\u1ed9t kho d\u1eef li\u1ec7u.<\/p>\n

        B\u01b0\u1edbc 4: Ki\u1ec3m tra b\u1eb1ng c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng<\/h3>\n

        Ki\u1ec3m tra c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 cha. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng. C\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u ra c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t quy tr\u00ecnh ph\u00e2n r\u00e3 ph\u1ea3i kh\u1edbp v\u1edbi c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u ra c\u1ee7a quy tr\u00ecnh cha. N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n th\u00eam m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o m\u1edbi trong s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 c\u1ea5p 1, th\u00ec n\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch trong s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 c\u1ea5p 0.<\/p>\n

        B\u01b0\u1edbc 5: Xem x\u00e9t v\u00e0 ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n<\/h3>\n

        \u0110i qua s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 c\u00f9ng c\u00e1c b\u00ean li\u00ean quan. C\u00e1c lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u00f3 h\u1ee3p l\u00fd kh\u00f4ng? C\u00e1c nh\u00e3n c\u00f3 r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng kh\u00f4ng? C\u00f3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u n\u00e0o thi\u1ebfu \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ebfn kh\u00f4ng? M\u1ed9t s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ch\u1ec9 th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 h\u1eefu \u00edch n\u1ebfu n\u00f3 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c v\u00e0 d\u1ec5 \u0111\u1ecdc.<\/p>\n

        \u26a0\ufe0f Nh\u1eefng sai l\u1ea7m ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn c\u1ea7n tr\u00e1nh<\/h2>\n

        Ngay c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng nh\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch c\u00f3 kinh nghi\u1ec7m c\u0169ng m\u1eafc sai l\u1ea7m khi t\u1ea1o s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u (DFD). Vi\u1ec7c nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng l\u1ed7i ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u00fap b\u1ea1n ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m th\u1eddi gian v\u00e0 tr\u00e1nh nh\u1ea7m l\u1eabn sau n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

          \n
        • Lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u treo:<\/strong>Kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd \u0111\u1ec3 m\u1ed9t m\u0169i t\u00ean k\u1ebft th\u00fac gi\u1eefa kh\u00f4ng trung. M\u1ecdi lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u ph\u1ea3i b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0 k\u1ebft th\u00fac t\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3, qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ho\u1eb7c kho l\u01b0u tr\u1eef.<\/li>\n
        • S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 h\u1ed7n \u0111\u1ed9n:<\/strong>Tr\u00e1nh c\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u00e9o nhau khi\u1ebfn s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tr\u1edf n\u00ean l\u1ed9n x\u1ed9n. S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111i\u1ec3m ng\u1eaft \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ecbnh tuy\u1ebfn vu\u00f4ng g\u00f3c \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1eef b\u1ed1 c\u1ee5c s\u1ea1ch s\u1ebd.<\/li>\n
        • Thi\u1ebfu kho l\u01b0u tr\u1eef d\u1eef li\u1ec7u:<\/strong>\u0110\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0u tr\u1eef \u1edf nh\u1eefng n\u01a1i c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft. N\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh c\u1ea7n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ec3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng, d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t kho l\u01b0u tr\u1eef ho\u1eb7c lu\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o.<\/li>\n
        • Nh\u1ea7m l\u1eabn lu\u1ed3ng \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n v\u1edbi lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u:<\/strong>S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u theo d\u00f5i d\u1eef li\u1ec7u, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u1ec7nh. Kh\u00f4ng v\u1ebd m\u0169i t\u00ean cho c\u00e1c h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u01b0 ‘nh\u1ea5n n\u00fat’ hay ‘ki\u1ec3m tra m\u1eadt kh\u1ea9u’ tr\u1eeb khi \u0111\u00f3 th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 l\u00e0 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c truy\u1ec1n \u0111i.<\/li>\n
        • Qu\u00e1 chi ti\u1ebft:<\/strong>Kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb t\u1eebng tr\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u ri\u00eang l\u1ebb trong kho l\u01b0u tr\u1eef. Gi\u1eef \u1edf m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 cao. B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ghi ch\u00fa chi ti\u1ebft t\u1eebng tr\u01b0\u1eddng ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

          \ud83d\udd17 T\u1ea1i sao s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u quan tr\u1ecdng trong thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng<\/h2>\n

          Gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 d\u1eebng l\u1ea1i \u1edf vi\u1ec7c v\u1ebd h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh. N\u00f3 \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 quan tr\u1ecdng trong nhi\u1ec1u giai \u0111o\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a v\u00f2ng \u0111\u1eddi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m.<\/p>\n

          C\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 giao ti\u1ebfp<\/h3>\n

          S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u gi\u00fap n\u1ed1i li\u1ec1n kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c b\u00ean li\u00ean quan k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt v\u00e0 phi k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt. M\u1ed9t s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 d\u1ec5 hi\u1ec3u h\u01a1n t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng kinh doanh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 xem s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 DFD v\u00e0 x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn xem h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u00f3 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi k\u1ef3 v\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd hay kh\u00f4ng.<\/p>\n

          Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch y\u00eau c\u1ea7u<\/h3>\n

          Vi\u1ec7c t\u1ea1o s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 DFD bu\u1ed9c b\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. B\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 v\u1ebd m\u1ed9t lu\u1ed3ng n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft d\u1eef li\u1ec7u n\u00e0o \u0111ang di chuy\u1ec3n. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y gi\u00fap ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u b\u1ecb thi\u1ebfu ngay t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea7u qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n

          T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng<\/h3>\n

          Khi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 DFD \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 l\u00e0 t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u. C\u00e1c l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh vi\u00ean m\u1edbi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 xem s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u c\u00e1ch d\u1eef li\u1ec7u di chuy\u1ec3n qua \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ecdc t\u1eebng d\u00f2ng m\u00e3.<\/p>\n

          Ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n l\u1ed7i<\/h3>\n

          C\u00e1c l\u1ed7i logic th\u01b0\u1eddng xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n trong s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3. N\u1ebfu d\u1eef li\u1ec7u ch\u1ea3y v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea7u ra n\u00e0o tho\u00e1t ra, b\u1ea1n \u0111ang g\u1eb7p l\u1ed7i logic. N\u1ebfu d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111i v\u00e0o kho l\u01b0u tr\u1eef nh\u01b0ng ch\u01b0a bao gi\u1edd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea5y ra, b\u1ea1n \u0111ang g\u1eb7p v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u1ec1 t\u00ednh to\u00e0n v\u1eb9n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u.<\/p>\n

          \ud83e\udde0 S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 DFD logic so v\u1edbi s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 DFD v\u1eadt l\u00fd<\/h2>\n

          R\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng khi ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh logic v\u00e0 v\u1eadt l\u00fd c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng b\u1ea1n.<\/p>\n

            \n
          • S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 DFD logic:<\/strong>T\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o c\u00e1c quy tr\u00ecnh kinh doanh v\u00e0 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. N\u00f3 b\u1ecf qua ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee9ng, ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m ho\u1eb7c chi ti\u1ebft tri\u1ec3n khai c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3. N\u00f3 tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi: ‘H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng l\u00e0m g\u00ec?’<\/li>\n
          • S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 DFD v\u1eadt l\u00fd:<\/strong>T\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o c\u00e1ch h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tri\u1ec3n khai. N\u00f3 bao g\u1ed3m t\u00ean t\u1ec7p c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3, b\u1ea3ng c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 c\u00e1c m\u00f4-\u0111un ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m. N\u00f3 tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi: ‘H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng l\u00e0m \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o?’<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

            B\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u b\u1eb1ng s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 DFD logic \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o logic kinh doanh \u0111\u00fang \u0111\u1eafn. Khi logic \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn, h\u00e3y t\u1ea1o s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 DFD v\u1eadt l\u00fd \u0111\u1ec3 h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n.<\/p>\n

            \u2753 C\u00e2u h\u1ecfi th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p<\/h2>\n

            T\u00f4i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u cho c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m kh\u00f4ng?<\/h3>\n

            C\u00f3. S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u h\u1eefu \u00edch cho b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng n\u00e0o li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c quy tr\u00ecnh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t, quy tr\u00ecnh l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c h\u00e0nh ch\u00ednh ho\u1eb7c chu\u1ed7i logistics.<\/p>\n

            S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh kh\u00f4ng?<\/h3>\n

            Kh\u00f4ng tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp. S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 di chuy\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. C\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ng\u1ee5 \u00fd qua vi\u1ec7c nh\u00e1nh ra c\u1ee7a lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u, nh\u01b0ng ch\u00fang kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 tr\u1ecdng t\u00e2m ch\u00ednh. S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng (flowcharts) ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i logic.<\/p>\n

            Nh\u00e3n c\u1ea7n chi ti\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee9c n\u00e0o?<\/h3>\n

            C\u00e1c nh\u00e3n c\u1ea7n ng\u1eafn g\u1ecdn nh\u01b0ng m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng. M\u1ed9t lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u00e1n nh\u00e3n l\u00e0 \u201c\u0110\u01a1n h\u00e0ng kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng\u201d, trong khi m\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 \u201cX\u00e1c th\u1ef1c \u0111\u01a1n h\u00e0ng\u201d. Tr\u00e1nh d\u00f9ng c\u00e1c thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef m\u01a1 h\u1ed3 nh\u01b0 \u201cD\u1eef li\u1ec7u\u201d hay \u201cTh\u00f4ng tin\u201d.<\/p>\n

            S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u00f3 gi\u1ed1ng s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 – m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 kh\u00f4ng?<\/h3>\n

            Kh\u00f4ng. S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 – m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 (ER) t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac d\u1eef li\u1ec7u (b\u1ea3ng v\u00e0 m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7). S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 di chuy\u1ec3n v\u00e0 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i d\u1eef li\u1ec7u (qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh v\u00e0 lu\u1ed3ng).<\/p>\n

            \ud83d\ude80 Nh\u1eefng suy ngh\u0129 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng<\/h2>\n

            S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u l\u00e0 k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng cho b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 ai tham gia thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf ho\u1eb7c ph\u00e2n t\u00edch h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. Ch\u00fang cung c\u1ea5p m\u1ed9t ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef tr\u1ef1c quan r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p. B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch n\u1eafm v\u1eefng c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n, c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00e0 phong c\u00e1ch k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 gi\u00fap l\u00e0m r\u00f5 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01b0\u1edbng qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n.<\/p>\n

            H\u00e3y nh\u1edb r\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ec3 suy ngh\u0129, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng. S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ec3 kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng, ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n kho\u1ea3ng tr\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 giao ti\u1ebfp v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed9i nh\u00f3m c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n. V\u1edbi th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean, b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd th\u1ea5y vi\u1ec7c tr\u1ef1c quan h\u00f3a lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u tr\u1edf n\u00ean t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

            S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u (DFD) l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 thi\u1ebft y\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1ef1c quan h\u00f3a c\u00e1ch th\u00f4ng tin di chuy\u1ec3n qua m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. D\u00f9 b\u1ea1n \u0111ang thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf m\u1ed9t \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng m\u1edbi, l\u1eadp b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3 quy tr\u00ecnh kinh doanh hay ph\u00e2n t\u00edch m\u1ed9t quy tr\u00ecnh hi\u1ec7n c\u00f3, vi\u1ec7c hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u then ch\u1ed1t. H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn n\u00e0y chia nh\u1ecf kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m DFD th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c ph\u1ea7n d\u1ec5 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd, t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng v\u00e0 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf. \ud83e\uddd0 S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 l\u00e0 g\u00ec? S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n \u0111\u1ed3 h\u1ecda v\u1ec1 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u qua m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng th\u00f4ng tin. Kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y, v\u1ed1n t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o logic \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n v\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m ra quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh, DFD t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 di chuy\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a d\u1eef li\u1ec7u t\u1eeb ngu\u1ed3n \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00edch \u0111\u1ea7u ra. Ch\u00fang gi\u00fap c\u00e1c b\u00ean li\u00ean quan hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft l\u00e0 g\u00ec, ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c t\u1eeb \u0111\u00e2u, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u1eed l\u00fd nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o v\u00e0 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e2u. H\u00e3y h\u00ecnh dung DFD nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3 cho th\u00f4ng tin c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng b\u1ea1n. N\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n th\u1eddi gian hay th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1 c\u00e1c s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n theo c\u00e1ch tuy\u1ebfn t\u00ednh, m\u00e0 thay v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i v\u00e0 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i c\u1ee7a d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y khi\u1ebfn DFD \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t h\u1eefu \u00edch cho c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n thu th\u1eadp y\u00eau c\u1ea7u. \ud83e\udde9 B\u1ed1n th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i \u0110\u1ec3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng m\u1ed9t DFD h\u1ee3p l\u1ec7, b\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 b\u1ed1n kh\u1ed1i x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n. M\u1ecdi s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o n\u00ean t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n n\u00e0y. S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ch\u00fang \u0111\u00fang c\u00e1ch s\u1ebd \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c logic c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. C\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i (hay c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m k\u1ebft th\u00fac): Ch\u00fang \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho ngu\u1ed3n ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u00edch c\u1ee7a d\u1eef li\u1ec7u n\u1eb1m ngo\u00e0i ranh gi\u1edbi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. V\u00ed d\u1ee5 bao g\u1ed3m ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng, c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng kh\u00e1c ho\u1eb7c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c. Ch\u00fang l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec3m b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u ho\u1eb7c k\u1ebft th\u00fac c\u1ee7a lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. C\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh: \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 c\u00e1c h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o th\u00e0nh d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ea7u ra. M\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh thay \u0111\u1ed5i d\u1eef li\u1ec7u theo m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 t\u00ednh t\u1ed5ng, x\u00e1c th\u1ef1c m\u1ed9t m\u1ee5c nh\u1eadp ho\u1eb7c s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp m\u1ed9t danh s\u00e1ch. M\u1ed7i qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 t\u00ean m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u00f3. C\u00e1c kho d\u1eef li\u1ec7u: \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 c\u00e1c kho l\u01b0u tr\u1eef n\u01a1i d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1eef l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng sau n\u00e0y. Ch\u00fang \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u, t\u1eadp tin ho\u1eb7c b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 n\u01a1i n\u00e0o th\u00f4ng tin \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0u tr\u1eef. D\u1eef li\u1ec7u ch\u1ea3y v\u00e0o kho \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi l\u1ea1i v\u00e0 ch\u1ea3y ra kh\u1ecfi kho \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c truy xu\u1ea5t. Lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u: \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 c\u00e1c m\u0169i t\u00ean th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n h\u01b0\u1edbng di chuy\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. Ch\u00fang k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3, qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh v\u00e0 kho d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. M\u1ed7i lu\u1ed3ng ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 nh\u00e3n m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c di chuy\u1ec3n. C\u1ea7n l\u01b0u \u00fd r\u1eb1ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n hay bi\u1ebfn m\u1ea5t. M\u1ed7i \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o ph\u1ea3i d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea7u ra ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0u tr\u1eef. Nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 b\u1ea3o to\u00e0n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. \ud83d\udcc9 Hi\u1ec3u v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 DFD DFD c\u00f3 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac ph\u00e2n c\u1ea5p. B\u1ea1n b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn t\u1ed5ng quan c\u1ea5p cao, r\u1ed3i ph\u00e2n t\u00edch th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn chi ti\u1ebft h\u01a1n khi c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft. K\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt n\u00e0y gi\u00fap b\u1ea1n qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch \u1ea9n c\u00e1c chi ti\u1ebft cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi ch\u00fang th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft. 1. S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh (C\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 0) S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh l\u00e0 c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 tr\u1eebu t\u01b0\u1ee3ng cao nh\u1ea5t. N\u00f3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh duy nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0 c\u00e1c t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 v\u1edbi c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i. S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 kho d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. N\u00f3 tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi: \u201cCh\u1ee9c n\u0103ng ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng n\u00e0y l\u00e0 g\u00ec?\u201d M\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh trung t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i xung quanh n\u00f3. C\u00e1c lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u ch\u00ednh \u0111i v\u00e0o v\u00e0 \u0111i ra kh\u1ecfi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. 2. S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 1 S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 1 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh duy nh\u1ea5t t\u1eeb s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh con ch\u00ednh. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 n\u01a1i b\u1ea1n b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1ea5y c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac b\u00ean trong. B\u1ea1n s\u1ebd th\u1ea5y c\u00e1c kho d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 c\u00e1c lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 h\u01a1n. Hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb c\u00e1c ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng ch\u00ednh c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh n\u01a1i d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0u tr\u1eef b\u00ean trong. K\u1ebft n\u1ed1i c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3. 3. S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 2 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 cao h\u01a1n N\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh trong s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 1 qu\u00e1 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch s\u00e2u h\u01a1n th\u00e0nh s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 2. Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ph\u00e2n t\u00edch n\u00e0y ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi c\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh tr\u1edf n\u00ean \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec3 tri\u1ec3n khai. Th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng, b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd d\u1eebng l\u1ea1i khi logic \u0111\u00e3 r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh ho\u1eb7c th\u1ef1c thi. \ud83c\udfa8 So s\u00e1nh c\u00e1c phong c\u00e1ch k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u C\u00f3 hai phong c\u00e1ch ch\u00ednh \u0111\u1ec3 v\u1ebd s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 DFD. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 ch\u00fang bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n c\u00f9ng c\u00e1c kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m logic, nh\u01b0ng c\u00e1c k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t nh\u1ecf. Vi\u1ec7c ch\u1ecdn k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o s\u1edf th\u00edch c\u1ee7a nh\u00f3m b\u1ea1n ho\u1eb7c ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n ng\u00e0nh. Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n Yourdon & DeMarco Gane & Sarson Quy tr\u00ecnh H\u00ecnh ch\u1eef nh\u1eadt tr\u00f2n H\u00ecnh ch\u1eef nh\u1eadt c\u00f3 c\u00e1c g\u00f3c tr\u00f2n Kho d\u1eef li\u1ec7u H\u00ecnh ch\u1eef nh\u1eadt h\u1edf H\u00ecnh ch\u1eef nh\u1eadt c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t c\u1ea1nh h\u1edf Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i H\u00ecnh ch\u1eef nh\u1eadt H\u00ecnh ch\u1eef nh\u1eadt D\u00f2ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u M\u0169i t\u00ean cong M\u0169i t\u00ean th\u1eb3ng C\u1ea3 hai k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ec1u h\u1ee3p<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":4129,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_yoast_wpseo_title":"\ud83d\udcca Gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n: H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1edbi b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u","_yoast_wpseo_metadesc":"H\u1ecdc hi\u1ec3u s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u l\u00e0 g\u00ec, c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i, c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00e0 k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u. M\u1ed9t h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf cho ph\u00e2n t\u00edch h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n d\u00f9ng ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p.","fifu_image_url":"","fifu_image_alt":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[84],"tags":[77,83],"class_list":["post-4128","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-dfd","tag-academic","tag-dfd"],"yoast_head":"\n\ud83d\udcca Gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n: H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1edbi b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"H\u1ecdc hi\u1ec3u s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u l\u00e0 g\u00ec, c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i, c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00e0 k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u. 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