{"id":4122,"date":"2026-03-27T04:54:17","date_gmt":"2026-03-27T04:54:17","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.diagrams-ai.com\/vn\/dfd-tutorial-model-data-movement-business-system\/"},"modified":"2026-03-27T04:54:17","modified_gmt":"2026-03-27T04:54:17","slug":"dfd-tutorial-model-data-movement-business-system","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.diagrams-ai.com\/vn\/dfd-tutorial-model-data-movement-business-system\/","title":{"rendered":"H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn DFD: L\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u trong b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng kinh doanh n\u00e0o"},"content":{"rendered":"

S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u (DFD) \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 l\u00e0 b\u1ea3n v\u1ebd tr\u1ef1c quan cho c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng th\u00f4ng tin. Kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n, v\u1ed1n m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 logic th\u00f4ng qua c\u00fa ph\u00e1p, m\u1ed9t DFD m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 logic th\u00f4ng qua chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng. N\u00f3 m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 c\u00e1ch d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u00e0o h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i qua c\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh kh\u00e1c nhau, r\u1ed3i tho\u00e1t ra d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng \u0111\u1ea7u ra ho\u1eb7c l\u01b0u tr\u1eef. H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn n\u00e0y cung c\u1ea5p c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 n\u00e0y m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 chuy\u00ean d\u1ee5ng, t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a ph\u00e2n t\u00edch h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng.<\/p>\n

D\u00f9 b\u1ea1n \u0111ang x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh y\u00eau c\u1ea7u cho m\u1ed9t \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng m\u1edbi hay ki\u1ec3m to\u00e1n m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u0169, vi\u1ec7c hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u then ch\u1ed1t. M\u1ed9t s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 DFD \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac t\u1ed1t s\u1ebd lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf s\u1ef1 m\u01a1 h\u1ed3. N\u00f3 bu\u1ed9c c\u00e1c b\u00ean li\u00ean quan ph\u1ea3i th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t v\u1ec1 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c th\u00f4ng tin v\u00e0 n\u01a1i th\u00f4ng tin k\u1ebft th\u00fac. T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u n\u00e0y kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac c\u1ee7a DFD, c\u00e1c quy t\u1eafc \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n vi\u1ec7c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng ch\u00fang, v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ph\u00e2n t\u00edch h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p th\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng g\u00f3c nh\u00ecn d\u1ec5 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd.<\/p>\n

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\"Chibi-style<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n

\ud83e\udde0 Hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i<\/h2>\n

S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n. N\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n th\u1eddi gian hay th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1 c\u00e1c s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n. Thay v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, n\u00f3 t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o ch\u00ednh d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. H\u00e3y h\u00ecnh dung n\u00f3 nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng s\u00f4ng ng\u00f2i. B\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng quan t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 n\u01b0\u1edbc hay th\u1eddi ti\u1ebft, m\u00e0 quan t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c nh\u00e1nh s\u00f4ng, h\u1ed3 ch\u1ee9a v\u00e0 mi\u1ec7ng s\u00f4ng.<\/p>\n

Khi m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng kinh doanh, DFD tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi ba c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi ch\u00ednh:<\/p>\n

    \n
  • D\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eeb \u0111\u00e2u? (C\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i)<\/li>\n
  • D\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thay \u0111\u1ed5i nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o? (C\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh)<\/li>\n
  • D\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0u tr\u1eef \u1edf \u0111\u00e2u? (C\u00e1c kho d\u1eef li\u1ec7u)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

    B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi n\u00e0y, b\u1ea1n t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n logic c\u1ee7a doanh nghi\u1ec7p. Bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n n\u00e0y v\u1eabn h\u1ee3p l\u1ec7 b\u1ea5t k\u1ec3 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 n\u00e0o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef tr\u1eebu t\u01b0\u1ee3ng gi\u00fap n\u1ed1i li\u1ec1n kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch gi\u1eefa nhu c\u1ea7u kinh doanh v\u00e0 tri\u1ec3n khai k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt.<\/p>\n

    \ud83d\udd11 B\u1ed1n th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft y\u1ebfu<\/h2>\n

    M\u1ed7i s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng b\u1eb1ng b\u1ed1n k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 c\u00e1ch k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00e1c nhau m\u1ed9t ch\u00fat gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p, nh\u01b0ng c\u00e1c kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i v\u1eabn gi\u1eef nguy\u00ean. Vi\u1ec7c th\u00e0nh th\u1ea1o c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n n\u00e0y l\u00e0 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng cho vi\u1ec7c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c.<\/p>\n

    1. C\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i \ud83c\udfe2<\/h3>\n

    C\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho ngu\u1ed3n ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u00edch c\u1ee7a d\u1eef li\u1ec7u n\u1eb1m ngo\u00e0i ranh gi\u1edbi c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a. Ch\u00fang th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, ph\u00f2ng ban ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng kh\u00e1c t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c v\u1edbi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ch\u00ednh.<\/p>\n

      \n
    • Ngu\u1ed3n:<\/strong> M\u1ed9t kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng g\u1eedi \u0111\u01a1n h\u00e0ng.<\/li>\n
    • \u0110\u00edch \u0111\u1ebfn:<\/strong> M\u1ed9t c\u01a1 quan thu\u1ebf nh\u1eadn b\u00e1o c\u00e1o.<\/li>\n
    • H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng:<\/strong> M\u1ed9t c\u1ed5ng thanh to\u00e1n b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

      Trong s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3, ch\u00fang th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n b\u1eb1ng h\u00ecnh vu\u00f4ng ho\u1eb7c h\u00ecnh ch\u1eef nh\u1eadt. Ch\u00fang lu\u00f4n ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh; d\u1eef li\u1ec7u kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n t\u1eeb nowhere hay bi\u1ebfn m\u1ea5t v\u00f4 h\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n

      2. C\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u2699\ufe0f<\/h3>\n

      M\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o th\u00e0nh d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ea7u ra. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. Trong DFD, c\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n b\u1eb1ng h\u00ecnh tr\u00f2n ho\u1eb7c h\u00ecnh ch\u1eef nh\u1eadt bo g\u00f3c. T\u00ean qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh lu\u00f4n ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 c\u1ee5m t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1eeb-danh t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng.<\/p>\n

        \n
      • H\u1ee3p l\u1ec7:<\/strong> \u201cX\u00e1c th\u1ef1c \u0111\u01a1n h\u00e0ng\u201d, \u201cT\u00ednh thu\u1ebf\u201d.<\/li>\n
      • Kh\u00f4ng h\u1ee3p l\u1ec7:<\/strong> \u201c\u0110\u01a1n h\u00e0ng\u201d, \u201cThu\u1ebf\u201d.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

        M\u1ed7i qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 \u00edt nh\u1ea5t m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea7u ra. N\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea7u ra, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u201cl\u1ed7 \u0111en\u201d. N\u1ebfu n\u00f3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea7u ra nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u201cph\u00e9p m\u00e0u\u201d. C\u1ea3 hai tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho l\u1ed7i m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a.<\/p>\n

        3. Kho d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \ud83d\udcbe<\/h3>\n

        C\u00e1c kho d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho n\u01a1i l\u01b0u tr\u1eef th\u00f4ng tin \u0111\u1ec3 truy xu\u1ea5t sau n\u00e0y. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u, h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng t\u1ec7p, t\u1ee7 h\u1ed3 s\u01a1 v\u1eadt l\u00fd ho\u1eb7c b\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ec7m t\u1ea1m th\u1eddi. Kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi c\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh, c\u00e1c kho d\u1eef li\u1ec7u kh\u00f4ng thay \u0111\u1ed5i d\u1eef li\u1ec7u; ch\u00fang ch\u1ec9 l\u01b0u gi\u1eef n\u00f3.<\/p>\n

          \n
        • V\u00ed d\u1ee5:<\/strong>C\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng, Nh\u1eadt k\u00fd t\u1ed3n kho, Gi\u1ecf h\u00e0ng t\u1ea1m th\u1eddi.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

          Ch\u00fang th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1ebd d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng h\u00ecnh ch\u1eef nh\u1eadt h\u1edf ho\u1eb7c hai \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng song song. Ch\u00fang k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh th\u00f4ng qua lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u, cho th\u1ea5y c\u00e1c thao t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecdc ho\u1eb7c ghi.<\/p>\n

          4. Lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \ud83d\udd04<\/h3>\n

          C\u00e1c lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng m\u0169i t\u00ean k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n. Ch\u00fang \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho s\u1ef1 di chuy\u1ec3n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3, qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh v\u00e0 kho l\u01b0u tr\u1eef. \u0110\u1ea7u m\u0169i t\u00ean cho bi\u1ebft h\u01b0\u1edbng di chuy\u1ec3n.<\/p>\n

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          • Nh\u00e3n hi\u1ec7u:<\/strong>M\u1ed7i m\u0169i t\u00ean ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t nh\u00e3n duy nh\u1ea5t m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 g\u00f3i d\u1eef li\u1ec7u.<\/li>\n
          • \u0110\u1eb7t t\u00ean:<\/strong>S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng danh t\u1eeb, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 \u201cH\u00f3a \u0111\u01a1n\u201d, \u201cTh\u00f4ng tin \u0111\u0103ng nh\u1eadp\u201d, ho\u1eb7c \u201cB\u00e1o c\u00e1o t\u1ed3n kho\u201d.<\/li>\n
          • H\u01b0\u1edbng:<\/strong>C\u00e1c lu\u1ed3ng l\u00e0 \u0111\u01a1n h\u01b0\u1edbng. N\u1ebfu d\u1eef li\u1ec7u di chuy\u1ec3n theo c\u1ea3 hai chi\u1ec1u, h\u00e3y v\u1ebd hai m\u0169i t\u00ean ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

            \ud83d\udcc9 C\u00e1c m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u00e2n r\u00e3<\/h2>\n

            C\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 v\u1ebd tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t trang duy nh\u1ea5t. \u0110\u1ec3 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p, c\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u (DFD) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n r\u00e3 th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 chi ti\u1ebft kh\u00e1c nhau. C\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn ph\u00e2n c\u1ea5p n\u00e0y cho ph\u00e9p c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch thu nh\u1ecf ho\u1eb7c m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng.<\/p>\n

            M\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 0: S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh<\/h3>\n

            S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh l\u00e0 g\u00f3c nh\u00ecn \u1edf m\u1ee9c cao nh\u1ea5t. N\u00f3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t bong b\u00f3ng qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh duy nh\u1ea5t. N\u00f3 minh h\u1ecda c\u00e1ch h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c v\u1edbi c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i.<\/p>\n

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            • Ph\u1ea1m vi:<\/strong>M\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh trung t\u00e2m.<\/li>\n
            • Chi ti\u1ebft:<\/strong>T\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u. Ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u ra.<\/li>\n
            • M\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch:<\/strong>\u0110\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh ranh gi\u1edbi c\u1ee7a d\u1ef1 \u00e1n.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

              M\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 1: Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng<\/h3>\n

              M\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 1 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh duy nh\u1ea5t t\u1eeb s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh con ch\u00ednh. M\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 n\u00e0y x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c khu v\u1ef1c ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng.<\/p>\n

                \n
              • Ph\u1ea1m vi:<\/strong>T\u1ed1i \u0111a 5 \u0111\u1ebfn 9 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh.<\/li>\n
              • Chi ti\u1ebft:<\/strong>Hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb c\u00e1c kho d\u1eef li\u1ec7u ch\u00ednh v\u00e0 c\u00e1c t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c.<\/li>\n
              • M\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch:<\/strong>\u0110\u1ec3 ph\u00e1c h\u1ecda c\u00e1c module ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                M\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 2: Logic chi ti\u1ebft<\/h3>\n

                M\u1ee9c 2 ph\u00f3ng to v\u00e0o c\u00e1c quy tr\u00ecnh c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 t\u1eeb m\u1ee9c 1. N\u00f3 chia nh\u1ecf c\u00e1c ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c b\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c thi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. M\u1ee9c n\u00e0y th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 n\u01a1i c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u logic c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3.<\/p>\n

                  \n
                • Ph\u1ea1m vi:<\/strong>Nhi\u1ec1u s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3, m\u1ed9t cho m\u1ed7i quy tr\u00ecnh ch\u00ednh \u1edf m\u1ee9c 1.<\/li>\n
                • Chi ti\u1ebft:<\/strong>C\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u chi ti\u1ebft v\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m l\u01b0u tr\u1eef.<\/li>\n
                • M\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch:<\/strong>D\u00e0nh cho vi\u1ec7c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt v\u00e0 l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                  \ud83d\udcd0 So s\u00e1nh c\u00e1c phong c\u00e1ch k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u<\/h2>\n

                  C\u00f3 hai phong c\u00e1ch k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong ph\u00e2n t\u00edch h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 logic v\u1eabn gi\u1eef nguy\u00ean, nh\u01b0ng c\u00e1ch bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n tr\u1ef1c quan l\u1ea1i kh\u00e1c nhau. Vi\u1ec7c ch\u1ecdn phong c\u00e1ch ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 quen thu\u1ed9c c\u1ee7a nh\u00f3m v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n c\u1ee7a t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
                  T\u00ednh n\u0103ng<\/th>\nYourdon & DeMarco<\/th>\nGane & Sarson<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
                  H\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng quy tr\u00ecnh<\/strong><\/td>\nH\u00ecnh ch\u1eef nh\u1eadt tr\u00f2n<\/td>\nH\u00ecnh ch\u1eef nh\u1eadt tr\u00f2n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                  H\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3<\/strong><\/td>\nH\u00ecnh vu\u00f4ng<\/td>\nH\u00ecnh vu\u00f4ng<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                  H\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng kho d\u1eef li\u1ec7u<\/strong><\/td>\nH\u00ecnh ch\u1eef nh\u1eadt h\u1edf<\/td>\nH\u00ecnh ch\u1eef nh\u1eadt h\u1edf v\u1edbi c\u1ea1nh tr\u00ean\/d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u00e0y h\u01a1n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                  H\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u<\/strong><\/td>\nM\u0169i t\u00ean cong<\/td>\nM\u0169i t\u00ean th\u1eb3ng<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                  V\u1ecb tr\u00ed nh\u00e3n lu\u1ed3ng<\/strong><\/td>\nD\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1eb3ng<\/td>\n\u1ede tr\u00ean ho\u1eb7c \u1edf d\u01b0\u1edbi<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

                  Vi\u1ec7c l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn gi\u1eefa Gane & Sarson v\u00e0 Yourdon & DeMarco ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu mang t\u00ednh th\u1ea9m m\u1ef9. Tuy nhi\u00ean, t\u00ednh nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n l\u00e0 r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng. Vi\u1ec7c tr\u1ed9n l\u1eabn c\u00e1c phong c\u00e1ch k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u trong m\u1ed9t t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u duy nh\u1ea5t s\u1ebd g\u00e2y nh\u1ea7m l\u1eabn v\u00e0 l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m \u0111\u1ed9 r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng c\u1ee7a t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u.<\/p>\n

                  \ud83d\udee0 H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng t\u1eebng b\u01b0\u1edbc<\/h2>\n

                  Vi\u1ec7c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng m\u1ed9t s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh c\u00f3 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. N\u00f3 \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi s\u1ef1 l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m ch\u1ee9ng. H\u00e3y tu\u00e2n theo c\u00e1c b\u01b0\u1edbc sau \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c v\u00e0 t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7.<\/p>\n

                  B\u01b0\u1edbc 1: X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh ranh gi\u1edbi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng<\/h3>\n

                  Tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi v\u1ebd b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00e0o, h\u00e3y x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh nh\u1eefng g\u00ec n\u1eb1m b\u00ean trong h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec n\u1eb1m b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh b\u1edfi ph\u1ea1m vi c\u1ee7a d\u1ef1 \u00e1n. B\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 th\u1ee9 g\u00ec cung c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o ho\u1eb7c nh\u1eadn \u0111\u1ea7u ra \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n ranh gi\u1edbi.<\/p>\n

                  B\u01b0\u1edbc 2: X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i<\/h3>\n

                  Li\u1ec7t k\u00ea t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n v\u00e0 \u0111\u00edch. Ph\u1ecfng v\u1ea5n c\u00e1c b\u00ean li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh ai t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c v\u1edbi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. \u0110\u1eebng qu\u00ean c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng; ch\u00fang l\u00e0 c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi.<\/p>\n

                  B\u01b0\u1edbc 3: V\u1ebd s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh<\/h3>\n

                  B\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u b\u1eb1ng b\u1ee9c tranh t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3. V\u1ebd h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t qu\u1ea3 b\u00f3ng. K\u1ebft n\u1ed1i c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c m\u0169i t\u00ean. Ghi nh\u00e3n c\u00e1c m\u0169i t\u00ean b\u1eb1ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trao \u0111\u1ed5i. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec3m t\u1ef1a cho t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ti\u1ebfp theo.<\/p>\n

                  B\u01b0\u1edbc 4: Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ch\u00ednh<\/h3>\n

                  M\u1edf r\u1ed9ng qu\u1ea3 b\u00f3ng duy nh\u1ea5t th\u00e0nh M\u1ee9c 1. X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng ch\u00ednh. Chia nh\u1ecf h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c kh\u1ed1i logic. \u0110\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u ra c\u1ee7a s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 M\u1ee9c 0 kh\u1edbp v\u1edbi t\u1ed5ng \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u ra c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh M\u1ee9c 1.<\/p>\n

                  B\u01b0\u1edbc 5: Th\u00eam c\u00e1c kho d\u1eef li\u1ec7u<\/h3>\n

                  X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh n\u01a1i d\u1eef li\u1ec7u ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0u tr\u1eef. N\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh c\u1ea7n nh\u1edb th\u00f4ng tin t\u1eeb giao d\u1ecbch tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3, th\u00ec c\u1ea7n c\u00f3 kho d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. K\u1ebft n\u1ed1i c\u00e1c kho n\u00e0y v\u1edbi c\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh li\u00ean quan.<\/p>\n

                  B\u01b0\u1edbc 6: C\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3<\/h3>\n

                  \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t quy t\u1eafc quan tr\u1ecdng. \u0110\u1ea7u v\u00e0o v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u ra c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh cha ph\u1ea3i b\u1eb1ng t\u1ed5ng \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u ra c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh con. N\u1ebfu s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb \u201c\u0110\u01a1n h\u00e0ng \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1eadn\u201d, s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 M\u1ee9c 1 c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb \u201c\u0110\u01a1n h\u00e0ng \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1eadn\u201d \u0111ang \u0111i v\u00e0o h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u1edf \u0111\u00e2u \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n

                  B\u01b0\u1edbc 7: Xem x\u00e9t v\u00e0 tinh ch\u1ec9nh<\/h3>\n

                  \u0110i d\u1ecdc theo s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3. Theo d\u00f5i m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ebfn cu\u1ed1i. D\u00f2ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u00f3 h\u1ee3p l\u00fd kh\u00f4ng? C\u00f3 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0o b\u1ecb b\u1ecf r\u01a1i kh\u00f4ng? T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi nh\u00e3n ch\u01b0a?<\/p>\n

                  \u26a0\ufe0f Nh\u1eefng sai l\u1ea7m ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn c\u1ea7n tr\u00e1nh<\/h2>\n

                  Ngay c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch c\u00f3 kinh nghi\u1ec7m c\u0169ng m\u1eafc sai l\u1ea7m khi x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u00e1c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh n\u00e0y. Nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng l\u1ed7i ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n xem x\u00e9t.<\/p>\n

                    \n
                  • Lu\u1ed3ng \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n:<\/strong> \u0110\u1eebng hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb c\u00e1c s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng, t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u k\u00edch ho\u1ea1t ho\u1eb7c t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n. S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u (DFD) ch\u1ec9 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n. N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u k\u00edch ho\u1ea1t, n\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111i v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh.<\/li>\n
                  • Lu\u1ed3ng r\u1ed1i nh\u01b0 m\u00ec \u0103n li\u1ec1n:<\/strong> Tr\u00e1nh giao nhau c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00e2y \u1edf m\u1ecdi n\u01a1i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3. N\u1ebfu c\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng giao nhau, h\u00e3y s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u \u201cc\u1ea7u\u201d ho\u1eb7c s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp l\u1ea1i b\u1ed1 c\u1ee5c. T\u00ednh r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng quan tr\u1ecdng h\u01a1n s\u1ef1 ho\u00e0n h\u1ea3o v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t th\u1ea9m m\u1ef9.<\/li>\n
                  • Thi\u1ebfu kho d\u1eef li\u1ec7u:<\/strong> N\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ecdc d\u1eef li\u1ec7u, \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 ng\u1ee5 \u00fd vi\u1ec7c l\u01b0u tr\u1eef. N\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ghi d\u1eef li\u1ec7u, \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 c\u0169ng ng\u1ee5 \u00fd vi\u1ec7c l\u01b0u tr\u1eef. \u0110\u1eebng \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00e1c k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i n\u00e0y ng\u1ea7m \u1ea9n.<\/li>\n
                  • Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ma qu\u00e1i:<\/strong> \u0110\u1eebng t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m g\u00ec c\u1ea3. M\u1ed7i qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ea3i bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i d\u1eef li\u1ec7u.<\/li>\n
                  • Lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3:<\/strong> D\u1eef li\u1ec7u kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ch\u1ea3y tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp gi\u1eefa hai th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. M\u1ecdi t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c ph\u1ea3i \u0111i qua ranh gi\u1edbi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                    \ud83d\udd0d M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh logic so v\u1edbi m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh v\u1eadt l\u00fd<\/h2>\n

                    R\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng khi ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa quan \u0111i\u1ec3m logic c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 quan \u0111i\u1ec3m v\u1eadt l\u00fd. S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u logic m\u00f4 t\u1ea3\u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec<\/em>h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng l\u00e0m g\u00ec. S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u1eadt l\u00fd m\u00f4 t\u1ea3l\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o<\/em>h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng l\u00e0m \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o.<\/p>\n

                      \n
                    • Logic:<\/strong>T\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o c\u00e1c quy t\u1eafc kinh doanh. \u201cX\u00e1c th\u1ef1c thanh to\u00e1n\u201d. Kh\u00f4ng x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m.<\/li>\n
                    • V\u1eadt l\u00fd:<\/strong>T\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o tri\u1ec3n khai. \u201cG\u1ecdi API Thanh to\u00e1n v2\u201d. X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                      B\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u v\u1edbi m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh logic. Kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u c\u00e1c r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt qu\u00e1 s\u1edbm. Vi\u1ec7c gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 qu\u00e1 s\u1edbm c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf c\u00e1c l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf v\u00e0 t\u1ea1o ra thi\u00ean l\u1ec7ch trong ph\u00e2n t\u00edch. Khi m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh logic \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00ea duy\u1ec7t, m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh v\u1eadt l\u00fd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c suy ra \u0111\u1ec3 h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n.<\/p>\n

                      \ud83d\udccb C\u00e1c th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t cho t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u<\/h2>\n

                      \u0110\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o c\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u (DFD) v\u1eabn h\u1eefu \u00edch trong su\u1ed1t v\u00f2ng \u0111\u1eddi d\u1ef1 \u00e1n, h\u00e3y tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 c\u00e1c ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

                        \n
                      • T\u00ean g\u1ecdi nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n:<\/strong>S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng t\u1eeb \u0111i\u1ec3n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ec3 chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a t\u00ean g\u1ecdi. \u201cKh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng\u201d kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean l\u00e0 \u201cKh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng\u201d hay \u201cNg\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng\u201d trong c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3.<\/li>\n
                      • G\u00e1n s\u1ed1 duy nh\u1ea5t:<\/strong>G\u00e1n s\u1ed1 cho m\u1ecdi qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh. 1.0, 1.1, 1.2. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y cho ph\u00e9p tham chi\u1ebfu d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng trong t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u.<\/li>\n
                      • Nh\u00e3n t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u:<\/strong>Gi\u1eef nh\u00e3n lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u ng\u1eafn g\u1ecdn. N\u1ebfu nh\u00e3n d\u00e0i, h\u00e3y \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a n\u00f3 trong t\u1eeb \u0111i\u1ec3n.<\/li>\n
                      • Ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n:<\/strong>Xem s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 nh\u01b0 m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n. Ch\u00fang thay \u0111\u1ed5i. Theo d\u00f5i c\u00e1c phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o.<\/li>\n
                      • Li\u00ean k\u1ebft ch\u00e9o:<\/strong>Li\u00ean k\u1ebft s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 DFD v\u1edbi c\u00e1c t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u kh\u00e1c. Tham chi\u1ebfu s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 quan h\u1ec7 th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 (ERD) \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng (Use Case Diagram) \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                        \ud83d\udca1 Gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a t\u01b0 duy tr\u1ef1c quan<\/h2>\n

                        T\u1ea1i sao ph\u1ea3i d\u00e0nh th\u1eddi gian v\u1ebd nh\u1eefng s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 n\u00e0y? C\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u v\u0103n b\u1ea3n d\u1ec5 b\u1ecb hi\u1ec3u nh\u1ea7m. M\u1ed9t c\u00e2u m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 quy tr\u00ecnh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecdc theo nhi\u1ec1u c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c nhau. M\u1ed9t s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 l\u00e0 tr\u1ef1c quan v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng gian.<\/p>\n

                        Khi m\u1ed9t b\u00ean li\u00ean quan nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3, h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ngay l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c lu\u1ed3ng b\u1ecb thi\u1ebfu. H\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y d\u1eef li\u1ec7u b\u1ecb tr\u00f9ng l\u1eb7p \u1edf \u0111\u00e2u. H\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ch\u1ec9 trong m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn. S\u1ef1 x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn tr\u1ef1c quan n\u00e0y gi\u00fap gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u r\u1ee7i ro x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng sai h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng.<\/p>\n

                        H\u01a1n n\u1eefa, c\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 DFD \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 giao ti\u1ebfp gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9i kinh doanh v\u00e0 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt. C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch kinh doanh s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ch\u00fang \u0111\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u y\u00eau c\u1ea7u. C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ch\u00fang \u0111\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac. B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch duy tr\u00ec m\u1ed9t t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u chung, t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u s\u1ef1 t\u00e1ch bi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed3ng thu\u1eadn.<\/p>\n

                        \ud83d\ude80 Ti\u1ebfn b\u01b0\u1edbc v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda tr\u01b0\u1edbc<\/h2>\n

                        Th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi s\u1ef1 k\u1ef7 lu\u1eadt. Kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee7 ch\u1ec9 v\u1ebd c\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00e9t; b\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 c\u00e1c quy t\u1eafc b\u1ea3o to\u00e0n v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n r\u00e3 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. Khi luy\u1ec7n t\u1eadp, b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean c\u1ee7a qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh suy ngh\u0129 c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n.<\/p>\n

                        B\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u nh\u1ecf. M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a m\u1ed9t giao d\u1ecbch \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n. Sau \u0111\u00f3 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng sang m\u1ed9t ph\u00f2ng ban. Cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng, m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 doanh nghi\u1ec7p. \u1ede m\u1ed7i c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9, hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n v\u1ec1 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng s\u1ebd s\u00e2u s\u1eafc h\u01a1n. M\u1ee5c ti\u00eau kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3n v\u1ebd ho\u00e0n h\u1ea3o, m\u00e0 l\u00e0 t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3 r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 di chuy\u1ec3n th\u00f4ng tin, gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01b0\u1edbng vi\u1ec7c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u00e1c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc.<\/p>\n

                        H\u00e3y nh\u1edb, s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ec3 suy ngh\u0129, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ec3 l\u01b0u tr\u1eef. H\u00e3y s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng n\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c c\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecbnh, ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n kho\u1ea3ng tr\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 x\u00e1c minh logic. Trong b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng, s\u1ef1 r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng v\u1eabn l\u00e0 h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c cao nh\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n

                        \ud83d\udcdd T\u00f3m t\u1eaft c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc ch\u00ednh<\/h2>\n
                          \n
                        • B\u1ea3o to\u00e0n:<\/strong>D\u1eef li\u1ec7u kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra hay ti\u00eau h\u1ee7y, ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i.<\/li>\n
                        • Ph\u00e2n r\u00e3:<\/strong>Chia c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c ti\u1ec3u h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/li>\n
                        • C\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng:<\/strong>C\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 con ph\u1ea3i kh\u1edbp v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u ra c\u1ee7a s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 cha.<\/li>\n
                        • Tr\u1eebu t\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u00f3a:<\/strong>T\u00e1ch bi\u1ec7t nhu c\u1ea7u logic kh\u1ecfi tri\u1ec3n khai v\u1eadt l\u00fd.<\/li>\n
                        • R\u00f5 r\u00e0ng:<\/strong>\u01afu ti\u00ean t\u00ednh d\u1ec5 \u0111\u1ecdc h\u01a1n l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t th\u1ea9m m\u1ef9.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                          B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch tu\u00e2n theo c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc n\u00e0y, b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c di chuy\u1ec3n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u trong b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng kinh doanh n\u00e0o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi ch\u00e9p m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec3u b\u1edfi t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c b\u00ean li\u00ean quan trong su\u1ed1t v\u00f2ng \u0111\u1eddi d\u1ef1 \u00e1n.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

                          S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u (DFD) \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 l\u00e0 b\u1ea3n v\u1ebd tr\u1ef1c quan cho c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng th\u00f4ng tin. Kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n, v\u1ed1n m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 logic th\u00f4ng qua c\u00fa ph\u00e1p, m\u1ed9t DFD m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 logic th\u00f4ng qua chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng. N\u00f3 m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 c\u00e1ch d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u00e0o h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i qua c\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh kh\u00e1c nhau, r\u1ed3i tho\u00e1t ra d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng \u0111\u1ea7u ra ho\u1eb7c l\u01b0u tr\u1eef. H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn n\u00e0y cung c\u1ea5p c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 n\u00e0y m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 chuy\u00ean d\u1ee5ng, t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a ph\u00e2n t\u00edch h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. D\u00f9 b\u1ea1n \u0111ang x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh y\u00eau c\u1ea7u cho m\u1ed9t \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng m\u1edbi hay ki\u1ec3m to\u00e1n m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u0169, vi\u1ec7c hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u then ch\u1ed1t. M\u1ed9t s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 DFD \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac t\u1ed1t s\u1ebd lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf s\u1ef1 m\u01a1 h\u1ed3. N\u00f3 bu\u1ed9c c\u00e1c b\u00ean li\u00ean quan ph\u1ea3i th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t v\u1ec1 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c th\u00f4ng tin v\u00e0 n\u01a1i th\u00f4ng tin k\u1ebft th\u00fac. T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u n\u00e0y kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac c\u1ee7a DFD, c\u00e1c quy t\u1eafc \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n vi\u1ec7c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng ch\u00fang, v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ph\u00e2n t\u00edch h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p th\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng g\u00f3c nh\u00ecn d\u1ec5 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd. \ud83e\udde0 Hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n. N\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n th\u1eddi gian hay th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1 c\u00e1c s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n. Thay v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, n\u00f3 t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o ch\u00ednh d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. H\u00e3y h\u00ecnh dung n\u00f3 nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng s\u00f4ng ng\u00f2i. B\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng quan t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 n\u01b0\u1edbc hay th\u1eddi ti\u1ebft, m\u00e0 quan t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c nh\u00e1nh s\u00f4ng, h\u1ed3 ch\u1ee9a v\u00e0 mi\u1ec7ng s\u00f4ng. Khi m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng kinh doanh, DFD tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi ba c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi ch\u00ednh: D\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eeb \u0111\u00e2u? (C\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i) D\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thay \u0111\u1ed5i nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o? (C\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh) D\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0u tr\u1eef \u1edf \u0111\u00e2u? (C\u00e1c kho d\u1eef li\u1ec7u) B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi n\u00e0y, b\u1ea1n t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n logic c\u1ee7a doanh nghi\u1ec7p. Bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n n\u00e0y v\u1eabn h\u1ee3p l\u1ec7 b\u1ea5t k\u1ec3 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 n\u00e0o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef tr\u1eebu t\u01b0\u1ee3ng gi\u00fap n\u1ed1i li\u1ec1n kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch gi\u1eefa nhu c\u1ea7u kinh doanh v\u00e0 tri\u1ec3n khai k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt. \ud83d\udd11 B\u1ed1n th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft y\u1ebfu M\u1ed7i s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng b\u1eb1ng b\u1ed1n k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 c\u00e1ch k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00e1c nhau m\u1ed9t ch\u00fat gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p, nh\u01b0ng c\u00e1c kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i v\u1eabn gi\u1eef nguy\u00ean. Vi\u1ec7c th\u00e0nh th\u1ea1o c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n n\u00e0y l\u00e0 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng cho vi\u1ec7c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c. 1. C\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i \ud83c\udfe2 C\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho ngu\u1ed3n ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u00edch c\u1ee7a d\u1eef li\u1ec7u n\u1eb1m ngo\u00e0i ranh gi\u1edbi c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a. Ch\u00fang th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, ph\u00f2ng ban ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng kh\u00e1c t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c v\u1edbi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ch\u00ednh. Ngu\u1ed3n: M\u1ed9t kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng g\u1eedi \u0111\u01a1n h\u00e0ng. \u0110\u00edch \u0111\u1ebfn: M\u1ed9t c\u01a1 quan thu\u1ebf nh\u1eadn b\u00e1o c\u00e1o. H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng: M\u1ed9t c\u1ed5ng thanh to\u00e1n b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i. Trong s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3, ch\u00fang th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n b\u1eb1ng h\u00ecnh vu\u00f4ng ho\u1eb7c h\u00ecnh ch\u1eef nh\u1eadt. Ch\u00fang lu\u00f4n ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh; d\u1eef li\u1ec7u kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n t\u1eeb nowhere hay bi\u1ebfn m\u1ea5t v\u00f4 h\u00ecnh. 2. C\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u2699\ufe0f M\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o th\u00e0nh d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ea7u ra. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. Trong DFD, c\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n b\u1eb1ng h\u00ecnh tr\u00f2n ho\u1eb7c h\u00ecnh ch\u1eef nh\u1eadt bo g\u00f3c. T\u00ean qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh lu\u00f4n ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 c\u1ee5m t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1eeb-danh t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng. H\u1ee3p l\u1ec7: \u201cX\u00e1c th\u1ef1c \u0111\u01a1n h\u00e0ng\u201d, \u201cT\u00ednh thu\u1ebf\u201d. Kh\u00f4ng h\u1ee3p l\u1ec7: \u201c\u0110\u01a1n h\u00e0ng\u201d, \u201cThu\u1ebf\u201d. M\u1ed7i qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 \u00edt nh\u1ea5t m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea7u ra. N\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea7u ra, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u201cl\u1ed7 \u0111en\u201d. N\u1ebfu n\u00f3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea7u ra nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u201cph\u00e9p m\u00e0u\u201d. C\u1ea3 hai tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho l\u1ed7i m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a. 3. Kho d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \ud83d\udcbe C\u00e1c kho d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho n\u01a1i l\u01b0u tr\u1eef th\u00f4ng tin \u0111\u1ec3 truy xu\u1ea5t sau n\u00e0y. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u, h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng t\u1ec7p, t\u1ee7 h\u1ed3 s\u01a1 v\u1eadt l\u00fd ho\u1eb7c b\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ec7m t\u1ea1m th\u1eddi. Kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi c\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh, c\u00e1c kho d\u1eef li\u1ec7u kh\u00f4ng thay \u0111\u1ed5i d\u1eef li\u1ec7u; ch\u00fang ch\u1ec9 l\u01b0u gi\u1eef n\u00f3. V\u00ed d\u1ee5:C\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng, Nh\u1eadt k\u00fd t\u1ed3n kho, Gi\u1ecf h\u00e0ng t\u1ea1m th\u1eddi. Ch\u00fang th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1ebd d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng h\u00ecnh ch\u1eef nh\u1eadt h\u1edf ho\u1eb7c hai \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng song song. Ch\u00fang k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh th\u00f4ng qua lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u, cho th\u1ea5y c\u00e1c thao t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecdc ho\u1eb7c ghi. 4. Lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \ud83d\udd04 C\u00e1c lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng m\u0169i t\u00ean k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n. Ch\u00fang \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho s\u1ef1 di chuy\u1ec3n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3, qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh v\u00e0 kho l\u01b0u tr\u1eef. \u0110\u1ea7u m\u0169i t\u00ean cho bi\u1ebft h\u01b0\u1edbng di chuy\u1ec3n. Nh\u00e3n hi\u1ec7u:M\u1ed7i m\u0169i t\u00ean ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t nh\u00e3n duy nh\u1ea5t m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 g\u00f3i d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. \u0110\u1eb7t t\u00ean:S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng danh t\u1eeb, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 \u201cH\u00f3a \u0111\u01a1n\u201d, \u201cTh\u00f4ng tin \u0111\u0103ng nh\u1eadp\u201d, ho\u1eb7c \u201cB\u00e1o c\u00e1o t\u1ed3n kho\u201d. H\u01b0\u1edbng:C\u00e1c lu\u1ed3ng l\u00e0 \u0111\u01a1n h\u01b0\u1edbng. N\u1ebfu d\u1eef li\u1ec7u di chuy\u1ec3n theo c\u1ea3 hai chi\u1ec1u, h\u00e3y v\u1ebd hai m\u0169i t\u00ean ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t. \ud83d\udcc9 C\u00e1c m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u00e2n r\u00e3 C\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 v\u1ebd tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t trang duy nh\u1ea5t. \u0110\u1ec3 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p, c\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u (DFD) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n r\u00e3 th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 chi ti\u1ebft kh\u00e1c nhau. C\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn ph\u00e2n c\u1ea5p n\u00e0y cho ph\u00e9p c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch thu nh\u1ecf ho\u1eb7c m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. M\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 0: S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh l\u00e0 g\u00f3c nh\u00ecn \u1edf m\u1ee9c cao nh\u1ea5t. N\u00f3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n to\u00e0n<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":4123,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_yoast_wpseo_title":"H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn DFD: M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a Di chuy\u1ec3n D\u1eef li\u1ec7u trong C\u00e1c H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng Kinh doanh \ud83d\udcca","_yoast_wpseo_metadesc":"H\u1ecdc c\u00e1ch t\u1ea1o s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. Hi\u1ec3u c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n, c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1ef1c quan h\u00f3a c\u00e1c quy tr\u00ecnh h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m.","fifu_image_url":"","fifu_image_alt":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[84],"tags":[77,83],"class_list":["post-4122","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-dfd","tag-academic","tag-dfd"],"yoast_head":"\nH\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn DFD: M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a Di chuy\u1ec3n D\u1eef li\u1ec7u trong C\u00e1c H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng Kinh doanh \ud83d\udcca<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"H\u1ecdc c\u00e1ch t\u1ea1o s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. 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