{"id":4100,"date":"2026-03-27T21:02:18","date_gmt":"2026-03-27T21:02:18","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.diagrams-ai.com\/vn\/dfd-vs-flowchart-guide\/"},"modified":"2026-03-27T21:02:18","modified_gmt":"2026-03-27T21:02:18","slug":"dfd-vs-flowchart-guide","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.diagrams-ai.com\/vn\/dfd-vs-flowchart-guide\/","title":{"rendered":"DFD so v\u1edbi Bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng: Nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u b\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n bi\u1ebft tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u v\u1ebd s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>V\u1ebd s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n trong ph\u00e2n t\u00edch h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m. N\u00f3 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i c\u00e1c kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m tr\u1eebu t\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac tr\u1ef1c quan m\u00e0 c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1. Tuy nhi\u00ean, hai ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u00e2y nh\u1ea7m l\u1eabn cho c\u00e1c chuy\u00ean gia: s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u (DFD) v\u00e0 bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 c\u1ea3 hai \u0111\u1ec1u bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n quy tr\u00ecnh, nh\u01b0ng ch\u00fang ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 c\u00e1c m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch kh\u00e1c nhau, s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u kh\u00e1c nhau v\u00e0 t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o c\u00e1c kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh kh\u00e1c nhau trong h\u00e0nh vi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. Vi\u1ec7c ch\u1ecdn sai c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn hi\u1ec3u l\u1ea7m, suy lu\u1eadn sai l\u1ec7ch ho\u1eb7c chu k\u1ef3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n k\u00e9m hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3. H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn n\u00e0y cung c\u1ea5p m\u1ed9t ph\u00e2n t\u00edch r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng, \u0111\u00e1ng tin c\u1eady v\u1ec1 c\u1ea3 hai ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p.<\/p>\n<p>Hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec3m kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t tinh t\u1ebf gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 n\u00e0y l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 ai tham gia thu th\u1eadp y\u00eau c\u1ea7u, ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ho\u1eb7c c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn quy tr\u00ecnh. T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u n\u00e0y kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt, \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1eb1m \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c.<\/p>\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter\"><img alt=\"Cartoon infographic comparing Data Flow Diagrams (DFD) and Flowcharts: flowcharts show control flow with decision diamonds, sequential steps, and logic paths for algorithms and workflows; DFDs illustrate data movement with external entities, processes, data stores, and labeled flows for system architecture; includes side-by-side symbol guides, use cases, and pro tips for choosing the right diagramming method\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.diagrams-ai.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/dfd-vs-flowchart-comparison-infographic-cartoon.jpg\"\/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<h2>Hi\u1ec3u v\u1ec1 Bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng \ud83d\udd04<\/h2>\n<p>Bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n tr\u1ef1c quan c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t thu\u1eadt to\u00e1n, quy tr\u00ecnh l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c ho\u1eb7c quy tr\u00ecnh. N\u00f3 m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 tr\u00ecnh t\u1ef1 c\u00e1c b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3. Tr\u1ecdng t\u00e2m ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng l\u00e0 <strong>lu\u1ed3ng \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n<\/strong>. N\u00f3 chi ti\u1ebft h\u00f3a logic v\u1ec1 c\u00e1ch m\u1ed9t quy tr\u00ecnh di chuy\u1ec3n t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ebfn cu\u1ed1i, bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh, v\u00f2ng l\u1eb7p v\u00e0 c\u00e1c nh\u00e1nh \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n.<\/p>\n<h3>C\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng<\/h3>\n<p>Bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 c\u00e1c h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a, th\u01b0\u1eddng li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n ANSI ho\u1eb7c ISO. M\u1ed7i h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng mang m\u1ed9t \u00fd ngh\u0129a c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 v\u1ec1 h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>K\u1ebft th\u00fac:<\/strong> H\u00ecnh elip ho\u1eb7c h\u00ecnh ch\u1eef nh\u1eadt tr\u00f2n, ch\u1ec9 ra \u0111i\u1ec3m b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u ho\u1eb7c k\u1ebft th\u00fac c\u1ee7a quy tr\u00ecnh.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Quy tr\u00ecnh:<\/strong> H\u00ecnh ch\u1eef nh\u1eadt bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n m\u1ed9t h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng ho\u1eb7c thao t\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n trong h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh:<\/strong> H\u00ecnh thoi chia lu\u1ed3ng d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n c\u00f3\/kh\u00f4ng ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u00fang\/sai.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Nh\u1eadp\/xu\u1ea5t:<\/strong> H\u00ecnh b\u00ecnh h\u00e0nh d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 vi\u1ec7c nh\u1eadp d\u1eef li\u1ec7u ho\u1eb7c hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3.<\/li>\n<li><strong>B\u1ed9 n\u1ed1i:<\/strong> M\u1ed9t h\u00ecnh tr\u00f2n nh\u1ecf d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 n\u1ed1i c\u00e1c ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 qua c\u00e1c trang ho\u1eb7c ph\u1ea7n kh\u00e1c nhau.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Lu\u1ed3ng logic \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c m\u0169i t\u00ean n\u1ed1i c\u00e1c h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng n\u00e0y. Th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1 tr\u1ef1c quan n\u00e0y cho ph\u00e9p c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch theo d\u00f5i \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i th\u1ef1c thi c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ho\u1eb7c m\u1ed9t th\u1ee7 t\u1ee5c kinh doanh. N\u00f3 \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t h\u1eefu \u00edch \u0111\u1ec3 ghi ch\u00e9p c\u00e1ch h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng trong c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3.<\/p>\n<h3>Khi n\u00e0o n\u00ean s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng<\/h3>\n<p>Bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng l\u00e0 l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng khi \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p n\u1eb1m \u1edf ph\u1ea7n <strong>logic v\u00e0 ra quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/strong> trong m\u1ed9t quy tr\u00ecnh. H\u00e3y xem x\u00e9t c\u00e1c t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng sau:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf thu\u1eadt to\u00e1n:<\/strong> Khi x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh logic t\u1eebng b\u01b0\u1edbc cho m\u1ed9t ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh m\u00e1y t\u00ednh tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u vi\u1ebft m\u00e3.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Quy tr\u00ecnh kinh doanh:<\/strong> Khi v\u1ebd s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 c\u00e1c quy tr\u00ecnh ph\u00ea duy\u1ec7t, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 ho\u00e0n ti\u1ec1n chi ph\u00ed ho\u1eb7c quy tr\u00ecnh tuy\u1ec3n d\u1ee5ng.<\/li>\n<li><strong>G\u1ee1 l\u1ed7i:<\/strong> Khi theo d\u00f5i \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i th\u1ef1c thi \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ecm ra n\u01a1i h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng b\u1ecb l\u1ed7i ho\u1eb7c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng ngo\u00e0i mong \u0111\u1ee3i.<\/li>\n<li><strong>C\u00e1c quy tr\u00ecnh v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n (SOPs):<\/strong> Khi t\u1ea1o t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn cho nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean kh\u00f4ng chuy\u00ean \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1t c\u00e1c h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u0110i\u1ec3m m\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng l\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c nh\u00e1nh \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i. N\u1ebfu ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng nh\u1eadp d\u1eef li\u1ec7u kh\u00f4ng h\u1ee3p l\u1ec7, s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng s\u1ebd ch\u1ec9 r\u00f5 cho h\u1ecd b\u01b0\u1edbc s\u1eeda l\u1ed7i. N\u1ebfu d\u1eef li\u1ec7u h\u1ee3p l\u1ec7, n\u00f3 s\u1ebd chuy\u1ec3n sang giai \u0111o\u1ea1n x\u1eed l\u00fd. S\u1ef1 t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o logic \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t n\u00f3 v\u1edbi c\u00e1c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o d\u1eef li\u1ec7u.<\/p>\n<h2>Hi\u1ec3u v\u1ec1 s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u (DFD) \ud83d\udce6<\/h2>\n<p>S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u (DFD) l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch c\u00f3 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n lu\u1ed3ng th\u00f4ng tin b\u00ean trong m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. Kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng, DFD kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c thao t\u00e1c hay th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m x\u1ea3y ra c\u00e1c s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n. Thay v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, n\u00f3 t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o<strong>s\u1ef1 di chuy\u1ec3n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u<\/strong>. N\u00f3 minh h\u1ecda c\u00e1ch d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i, l\u01b0u tr\u1eef v\u00e0 truy\u1ec1n t\u1ea3i gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn kh\u00e1c nhau c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng.<\/p>\n<h3>C\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a DFD<\/h3>\n<p>DFD s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a b\u1edfi c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p nh\u01b0 Yourdon\/DeMarco ho\u1eb7c Gane &amp; Sarson. Tr\u1ecdng t\u00e2m l\u00e0 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i logic \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n n\u00f3.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u0110\u01a1n v\u1ecb b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i:<\/strong> M\u1ed9t h\u00ecnh vu\u00f4ng ho\u1eb7c h\u00ecnh ch\u1eef nh\u1eadt bo tr\u00f2n \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho ngu\u1ed3n ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u00edch c\u1ee7a d\u1eef li\u1ec7u n\u1eb1m ngo\u00e0i ranh gi\u1edbi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng, c\u01a1 quan ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 ho\u1eb7c API b\u00ean th\u1ee9 ba).<\/li>\n<li><strong>Quy tr\u00ecnh:<\/strong> M\u1ed9t h\u00ecnh tr\u00f2n ho\u1eb7c h\u00ecnh ch\u1eef nh\u1eadt bo tr\u00f2n \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho s\u1ef1 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. N\u00f3 m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec x\u1ea3y ra v\u1edbi d\u1eef li\u1ec7u, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i logic \u0111\u1eb1ng sau n\u00f3.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Kho d\u1eef li\u1ec7u:<\/strong> M\u1ed9t h\u00ecnh ch\u1eef nh\u1eadt m\u1edf \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho n\u01a1i l\u01b0u tr\u1eef d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ec3 truy xu\u1ea5t sau n\u00e0y (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u, t\u1ec7p tin ho\u1eb7c t\u1ee7 h\u1ed3 s\u01a1 v\u1eadt l\u00fd).<\/li>\n<li><strong>Lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u:<\/strong> M\u1ed9t m\u0169i t\u00ean ch\u1ec9 h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u di chuy\u1ec3n. N\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi nh\u00e3n b\u1eb1ng t\u00ean d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chuy\u1ec3n.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>M\u1ed9t quy t\u1eafc quan tr\u1ecdng trong DFD l\u00e0 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ch\u1ea3y tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp gi\u1eefa hai kho d\u1eef li\u1ec7u m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t quy tr\u00ecnh \u1edf gi\u1eefa, c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ch\u1ea3y tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i v\u00e0o kho d\u1eef li\u1ec7u m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 quy tr\u00ecnh. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng m\u1ecdi vi\u1ec7c l\u01b0u tr\u1eef d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ec1u li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i ho\u1eb7c qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n<h3>C\u00e1c c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a DFD<\/h3>\n<p>DFD l\u00e0 ph\u00e2n c\u1ea5p. Ch\u00fang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ec3 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p v\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p chi ti\u1ebft khi c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh (c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 0):<\/strong> G\u00f3c nh\u00ecn c\u1ea5p cao nh\u1ea5t. N\u00f3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t quy tr\u00ecnh duy nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 v\u1edbi c\u00e1c \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i. N\u00f3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh ranh gi\u1edbi c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng.<\/li>\n<li><strong>DFD c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 1:<\/strong> Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch quy tr\u00ecnh duy nh\u1ea5t t\u1eeb s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c quy tr\u00ecnh con ch\u00ednh. N\u00f3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1ch d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u00e0o h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u1eed l\u00fd v\u00e0 tho\u00e1t ra.<\/li>\n<li><strong>DFD c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 2:<\/strong> Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch s\u00e2u h\u01a1n c\u00e1c quy tr\u00ecnh c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 t\u1eeb c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 1. M\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 n\u00e0y cung c\u1ea5p logic chi ti\u1ebft cho c\u00e1c quy tr\u00ecnh con ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m qu\u00e1 t\u1ea3i c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>Khi n\u00e0o n\u00ean s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng DFD<\/h3>\n<p>DFD ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c<strong>y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng<\/strong> c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. Ch\u00fang gi\u00fap c\u00e1c b\u00ean li\u00ean quan hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1eef li\u1ec7u h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng x\u1eed l\u00fd l\u00e0 g\u00ec v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch d\u1eef li\u1ec7u di chuy\u1ec3n. C\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng bao g\u1ed3m:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng:<\/strong> \u0110\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u ra c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m m\u1edbi.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u:<\/strong> \u0110\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c kho l\u01b0u tr\u1eef d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c v\u1edbi ch\u00fang.<\/li>\n<li><strong>T\u00e1i thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf quy tr\u00ecnh:<\/strong> \u0110\u1ec3 l\u1eadp b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i v\u00e0 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m ngh\u1ebdn ho\u1eb7c s\u1ef1 tr\u00f9ng l\u1eb7p.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Ki\u1ec3m to\u00e1n b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt:<\/strong> \u0110\u1ec3 theo d\u00f5i n\u01a1i d\u1eef li\u1ec7u nh\u1ea1y c\u1ea3m di chuy\u1ec3n v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o n\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 \u1edf m\u1ecdi n\u00fat.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>L\u1ee3i th\u1ebf ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u (DFD) l\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 th\u1eddi gian v\u00e0 logic, t\u1eadp trung ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n v\u00e0o ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac th\u00f4ng tin. N\u00f3 tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi: \u201cD\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111i \u0111\u00e2u?\u201d thay v\u00ec \u201cH\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u00e0m g\u00ec nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o?\u201d<\/p>\n<h2>S\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t ch\u00ednh: S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u (DFD) so v\u1edbi s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c \ud83c\udd9a<\/h2>\n<p>M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 c\u1ea3 hai s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ec1u s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u0169i t\u00ean v\u00e0 h\u00ecnh h\u1ed9p, nh\u01b0ng tri\u1ebft l\u00fd n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang kh\u00e1c nhau \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3. Vi\u1ec7c nh\u1ea7m l\u1eabn gi\u1eefa hai lo\u1ea1i s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh \u0111\u00fang b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng.<\/p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>T\u00ednh n\u0103ng<\/th>\n<th>S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c<\/th>\n<th>S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u (DFD)<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>Tr\u1ecdng t\u00e2m<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>Lu\u1ed3ng \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n (Logic v\u00e0 Th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1)<\/td>\n<td>Lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u (Di chuy\u1ec3n v\u00e0 Bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>K\u00fd hi\u1ec7u<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>H\u00ecnh elip, H\u00ecnh ch\u1eef nh\u1eadt, H\u00ecnh thoi<\/td>\n<td>H\u00ecnh vu\u00f4ng, H\u00ecnh tr\u00f2n, H\u00ecnh ch\u1eef nh\u1eadt h\u1edf<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>M\u0169i t\u00ean<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>Ch\u1ec9 ra th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1 c\u00e1c b\u01b0\u1edbc<\/td>\n<td>Ch\u1ec9 ra h\u01b0\u1edbng di chuy\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a d\u1eef li\u1ec7u<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>Th\u1eddi gian<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>Ng\u1ee5 \u00fd th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1 v\u00e0 th\u1eddi gian<\/td>\n<td>Kh\u00f4ng ng\u1ee5 \u00fd th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1 hay th\u1eddi gian<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>\u0110i\u1ec3m ra quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>Trung t\u00e2m (H\u00ecnh thoi)<\/td>\n<td>Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 (Logic \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u1ea9n trong c\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>Kho l\u01b0u tr\u1eef d\u1eef li\u1ec7u<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>Kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng<\/td>\n<td>\u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng (Kho l\u01b0u tr\u1eef)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>T\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t cho<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>Logic ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh, lu\u1ed3ng c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c<\/td>\n<td>Ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng, y\u00eau c\u1ea7u<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h3>Lu\u1ed3ng \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n so v\u1edbi lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u<\/h3>\n<p>S\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n. S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng l\u00e0 b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3 v\u1ec1 \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n. N\u00f3 cho b\u1ea1n bi\u1ebft \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec s\u1ebd x\u1ea3y ra ti\u1ebfp theo. N\u1ebfu \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n A \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ecfa m\u00e3n, h\u00e3y chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ebfn b\u01b0\u1edbc B. N\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng, h\u00e3y chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ebfn b\u01b0\u1edbc C. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh v\u00e0 c\u00e1c quy tr\u00ecnh v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh.<\/p>\n<p>DFD l\u00e0 b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3 v\u1ec1 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. N\u00f3 cho b\u1ea1n bi\u1ebft d\u1eef li\u1ec7u n\u00e0o c\u00f3 s\u1eb5n v\u00e0 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e2u. N\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng quan t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c b\u01b0\u1edbc B c\u00f3 x\u1ea3y ra tr\u01b0\u1edbc b\u01b0\u1edbc C hay kh\u00f4ng. Trong DFD, c\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ea1y song song, tu\u1ea7n t\u1ef1 ho\u1eb7c b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1ed9. S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n cho th\u1ea5y Quy tr\u00ecnh 1 t\u1ea1o ra D\u1eef li\u1ec7u X, v\u00e0 Quy tr\u00ecnh 2 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng D\u1eef li\u1ec7u X.<\/p>\n<h3>Vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c kho d\u1eef li\u1ec7u<\/h3>\n<p>S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng th\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng bao g\u1ed3m l\u01b0u tr\u1eef d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. Ch\u00fang t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng. N\u1ebfu s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t t\u1ec7p tin, th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1eadp\/xu\u1ea5t nh\u1ecf. Trong DFD, c\u00e1c kho d\u1eef li\u1ec7u l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u. Ch\u00fang \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho b\u1ed9 nh\u1edb c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. Vi\u1ec7c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u1edbm c\u00e1c kho d\u1eef li\u1ec7u l\u00e0 r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. DFD bu\u1ed9c nh\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch ph\u1ea3i suy ngh\u0129 v\u1ec1 t\u00ednh b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng, trong khi s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c thi tuy\u1ebfn t\u00ednh.<\/p>\n<h2>Nh\u1eefng sai l\u1ea7m ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn khi v\u1ebd s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 \u26a0\ufe0f<\/h2>\n<p>Vi\u1ec7c t\u1ea1o s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 l\u00e0 d\u1ec5; nh\u01b0ng vi\u1ec7c t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c v\u00e0 h\u1eefu \u00edch l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 l\u1ed7i ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn x\u1ea3y ra khi chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y ho\u1eb7c khi v\u1ebd m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng.<\/p>\n<h3>1. Tr\u1ed9n l\u1eabn logic v\u1edbi d\u1eef li\u1ec7u<\/h3>\n<p>M\u1ed9t l\u1ed7i ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn l\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7t c\u00e1c h\u00ecnh thoi quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh b\u00ean trong DFD. DFD kh\u00f4ng x\u1eed l\u00fd logic. N\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n, \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n \u0111\u00f3 n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 trong v\u0103n b\u1ea3n \u0111i k\u00e8m v\u1edbi qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean v\u1ebd th\u00e0nh h\u00ecnh thoi. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y gi\u00fap s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o d\u1eef li\u1ec7u.<\/p>\n<h3>2. Thi\u1ebfu lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u<\/h3>\n<p>Trong DFD, m\u1ed7i kho d\u1eef li\u1ec7u ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 \u00edt nh\u1ea5t m\u1ed9t lu\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t lu\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ea7u ra (tr\u1eeb khi \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 kho d\u1eef li\u1ec7u ch\u1ebft, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y r\u1ea5t hi\u1ebfm). N\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0o ghi v\u00e0o n\u00f3 hay \u0111\u1ecdc t\u1eeb n\u00f3, s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 s\u1ebd b\u1ecb sai. T\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1, trong s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng, m\u1ed7i h\u00ecnh thoi quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 \u00edt nh\u1ea5t hai nh\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ea7u ra.<\/p>\n<h3>3. Nh\u00e3n kh\u00f4ng r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng<\/h3>\n<p>C\u00e1c nh\u00e3n tr\u00ean m\u0169i t\u00ean v\u00e0 h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c. \u201cD\u1eef li\u1ec7u\u201d kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nh\u00e3n. \u201cChi ti\u1ebft \u0111\u01a1n h\u00e0ng kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng\u201d l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nh\u00e3n. \u201cX\u1eed l\u00fd d\u1eef li\u1ec7u\u201d l\u00e0 y\u1ebfu. \u201cX\u00e1c th\u1ef1c v\u00e0 l\u01b0u \u0111\u01a1n h\u00e0ng\u201d l\u00e0 m\u1ea1nh. C\u00e1c quy \u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1eb7t t\u00ean r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng gi\u00fap ng\u0103n ng\u1eeba hi\u1ec3u nh\u1ea7m trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n.<\/p>\n<h3>4. Qu\u00e1 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p<\/h3>\n<p>C\u1ed1 g\u1eafng \u0111\u01b0a qu\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ee9 v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 s\u1ebd l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ecdc. N\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t h\u1ed9p qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ch\u1ee9a h\u01a1n 5 \u0111\u1ebfn 7 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh con, n\u00f3 n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n t\u00edch th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t DFD c\u1ea5p th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n. M\u1ee5c ti\u00eau l\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i che gi\u1ea5u n\u00f3.<\/p>\n<h2>C\u00e1c th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c \u2705<\/h2>\n<p>\u0110\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch, h\u00e3y tu\u00e2n theo c\u00e1c h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn sau. C\u00e1c th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh n\u00e0y \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng cho b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 v\u1ebd s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 n\u00e0o.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>T\u00ednh nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n l\u00e0 ch\u00eca kh\u00f3a:<\/strong>S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u cho c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m trong su\u1ed1t t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u. N\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh l\u00e0 h\u00ecnh tr\u00f2n trong s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 c\u1ea5p 0, th\u00ec n\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i v\u1eabn l\u00e0 h\u00ecnh tr\u00f2n trong s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 c\u1ea5p 1.<\/li>\n<li><strong>C\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3:<\/strong>\u0110\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o c\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh, kho d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n b\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u1eb7n. Tr\u00e1nh t\u1eadp trung t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c m\u0169i t\u00ean v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t g\u00f3c.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Xem x\u00e9t c\u00f9ng c\u00e1c b\u00ean li\u00ean quan:<\/strong>S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 giao ti\u1ebfp. H\u00e3y \u0111i qua logic c\u00f9ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng kinh doanh. N\u1ebfu h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u hay c\u00e1c b\u01b0\u1edbc, s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i.<\/li>\n<li><strong>X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh ranh gi\u1edbi r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng:<\/strong>Trong DFD, h\u00e3y \u0111\u00e1nh d\u1ea5u r\u00f5 ranh gi\u1edbi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3; t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec b\u00ean trong l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ho\u1eb7c kho l\u01b0u tr\u1eef. Kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua ranh gi\u1edbi m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u.<\/li>\n<li><strong>S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng kho\u1ea3ng tr\u1ed1ng tr\u1eafng:<\/strong> \u0110\u1eebng l\u00e0m qu\u00e1 t\u1ea3i b\u1ea3ng v\u1ebd. Cho ph\u00e9p c\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng giao nhau m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n d\u00f9ng b\u1ed9 n\u1ed1i n\u1ebfu c\u00f3 th\u1ec3, nh\u01b0ng tr\u00e1nh nh\u1eefng r\u1ed1i ren gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 m\u00ec \u0103n li\u1ec1n. D\u00f9ng b\u1ed9 n\u1ed1i m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch ti\u1ebft ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1eef cho lu\u1ed3ng th\u00f4ng tin \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>T\u00edch h\u1ee3p v\u00e0o v\u00f2ng \u0111\u1eddi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \ud83d\udd17<\/h2>\n<p>C\u1ea3 s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y v\u00e0 DFD \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ph\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft y\u1ebfu trong V\u00f2ng \u0111\u1eddi Ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n Ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m (SDLC), nh\u01b0ng ch\u00fang xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n \u1edf c\u00e1c giai \u0111o\u1ea1n kh\u00e1c nhau.<\/p>\n<h3>Thu th\u1eadp y\u00eau c\u1ea7u<\/h3>\n<p>Trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean, DFD th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 ch\u00ednh. Ch\u00fang gi\u00fap x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m g\u00ec v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t x\u1eed l\u00fd th\u00f4ng tin. Ch\u00fang gi\u00fap x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u ra mong \u0111\u1ee3i. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ed9i k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1ed9 v\u1edbi m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau kinh doanh.<\/p>\n<h3>Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng<\/h3>\n<p>Khi d\u1ef1 \u00e1n chuy\u1ec3n sang giai \u0111o\u1ea1n thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf, s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y tr\u1edf n\u00ean quan tr\u1ecdng h\u01a1n. C\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u1ea5p cao t\u1eeb DFD \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c lu\u1ed3ng logic c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3. C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y (ho\u1eb7c m\u00e3 gi\u1ea3) \u0111\u1ec3 tri\u1ec3n khai c\u00e1c thu\u1eadt to\u00e1n x\u1eed l\u00fd d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh trong DFD.<\/p>\n<h3>B\u1ea3o tr\u00ec v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed<\/h3>\n<p>C\u1ea3 hai s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec3m tham chi\u1ebfu trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed. C\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c suy ra t\u1eeb c\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i trong s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y. C\u00e1c ki\u1ec3m tra t\u00ednh to\u00e0n v\u1eb9n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c suy ra t\u1eeb c\u00e1c lu\u1ed3ng trong DFD. Khi c\u00f3 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u thay \u0111\u1ed5i, c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt c\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u lu\u00f4n ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c.<\/p>\n<h2>Nh\u1eefng c\u00e2n nh\u1eafc n\u00e2ng cao cho c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p \ud83e\udde9<\/h2>\n<p>\u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u1ea5p doanh nghi\u1ec7p, c\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee7. C\u00e1c k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a n\u00e2ng cao t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ea7y kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch gi\u1eefa hai ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n<h3>S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng b\u01a1i<\/h3>\n<p>M\u1ed9t bi\u1ebfn th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y, s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng b\u01a1i th\u00eam chi\u1ec1u th\u1ee9 ba v\u1ec1 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m. Ch\u00fang cho th\u1ea5y ai th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n t\u1eebng b\u01b0\u1edbc. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y h\u1eefu \u00edch khi nhi\u1ec1u ph\u00f2ng ban t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c v\u1edbi nhau. N\u00f3 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p logic c\u1ee7a s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y v\u1edbi b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c.<\/p>\n<h3>S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 chuy\u1ec3n tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i<\/h3>\n<p>\u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng m\u00e0 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u00e0 quan tr\u1ecdng (v\u00ed d\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u01a1n h\u00e0ng chuy\u1ec3n t\u1eeb \u201c\u0110\u00e3 thanh to\u00e1n\u201d sang \u201c\u0110\u00e3 giao h\u00e0ng\u201d), s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 qu\u00e1 tuy\u1ebfn t\u00ednh. S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c chuy\u1ec3n ti\u1ebfp gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u00edch ho\u1ea1t b\u1edfi s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t v\u1edbi DFD, t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o di chuy\u1ec3n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u, v\u00e0 s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y, t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o c\u00e1c b\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1ee7 t\u1ee5c.<\/p>\n<h3>C\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p<\/h3>\n<p>Trong th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9i th\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u1ea3 hai. M\u1ed9t DFD x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh ranh gi\u1edbi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. M\u1ed9t s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh logic b\u00ean trong m\u1ed9t quy tr\u00ecnh c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, m\u1ed9t DFD cho th\u1ea5y \u201cX\u1eed l\u00fd \u0111\u01a1n h\u00e0ng\u201d l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t quy tr\u00ecnh. Sau \u0111\u00f3, s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y chi ti\u1ebft logic n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9 v\u1ec1 c\u00e1ch \u201cX\u1eed l\u00fd \u0111\u01a1n h\u00e0ng\u201d x\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ebb t\u00edn d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m tra t\u1ed3n kho.<\/p>\n<h2>Suy ngh\u0129 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng v\u1ec1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \ud83e\udd14<\/h2>\n<p>Vi\u1ec7c l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn gi\u1eefa DFD v\u00e0 s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 c\u00e1i n\u00e0o t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 c\u00e1i n\u00e0o ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 m\u00e0 b\u1ea1n \u0111ang c\u1ed1 tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi. N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n bi\u1ebft d\u1eef li\u1ec7u di chuy\u1ec3n nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o, h\u00e3y d\u00f9ng DFD. N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n bi\u1ebft c\u00e1c quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a ra nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o, h\u00e3y d\u00f9ng s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y.<\/p>\n<p>Th\u00e0nh th\u1ea1o c\u1ea3 hai cho ph\u00e9p m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc (DFD) v\u00e0 logic c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c thi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c (s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y). B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 c\u00e1c ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n v\u00e0 tr\u00e1nh nh\u1eefng sai l\u1ea7m ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng theo th\u1eddi gian v\u00e0 th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y giao ti\u1ebfp r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9i k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt v\u00e0 phi k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt.<\/p>\n<p>H\u00e3y nh\u1edb r\u1eb1ng s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 l\u00e0 t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u s\u1ed1ng. Ch\u00fang n\u00ean ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. C\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c xem x\u00e9t v\u00e0 c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt \u0111\u1ecbnh k\u1ef3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh v\u1eabn l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh ch\u00e2n th\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng. D\u00f9 b\u1ea1n \u0111ang v\u1ebd m\u1ed9t quy tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n hay m\u1ed9t ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac doanh nghi\u1ec7p ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p, s\u1ef1 r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng lu\u00f4n l\u00e0 m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng c\u1ee7a b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c v\u1ebd s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 n\u00e0o.<\/p>\n<p>B\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u b\u1eb1ng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u. X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh ph\u1ea1m vi. Ch\u1ecdn c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi nhu c\u1ea7u. V\u00e0 t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u h\u00f3a m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c. C\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn c\u00f3 k\u1ef7 lu\u1eadt n\u00e0y d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n v\u00e0 \u00edt hi\u1ec3u l\u1ea7m h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>V\u1ebd s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n trong ph\u00e2n t\u00edch h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m. N\u00f3 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i c\u00e1c kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m tr\u1eebu t\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac tr\u1ef1c quan m\u00e0 c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1. Tuy nhi\u00ean, hai ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u00e2y nh\u1ea7m l\u1eabn cho c\u00e1c chuy\u00ean gia: s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u (DFD) v\u00e0 bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 c\u1ea3 hai \u0111\u1ec1u bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n quy tr\u00ecnh, nh\u01b0ng ch\u00fang ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 c\u00e1c m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch kh\u00e1c nhau, s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u kh\u00e1c nhau v\u00e0 t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o c\u00e1c kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh kh\u00e1c nhau trong h\u00e0nh vi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. Vi\u1ec7c ch\u1ecdn sai c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn hi\u1ec3u l\u1ea7m, suy lu\u1eadn sai l\u1ec7ch ho\u1eb7c chu k\u1ef3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n k\u00e9m hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3. H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn n\u00e0y cung c\u1ea5p m\u1ed9t ph\u00e2n t\u00edch r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng, \u0111\u00e1ng tin c\u1eady v\u1ec1 c\u1ea3 hai ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p. Hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec3m kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t tinh t\u1ebf gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 n\u00e0y l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 ai tham gia thu th\u1eadp y\u00eau c\u1ea7u, ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ho\u1eb7c c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn quy tr\u00ecnh. T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u n\u00e0y kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt, \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1eb1m \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c. Hi\u1ec3u v\u1ec1 Bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng \ud83d\udd04 Bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n tr\u1ef1c quan c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t thu\u1eadt to\u00e1n, quy tr\u00ecnh l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c ho\u1eb7c quy tr\u00ecnh. N\u00f3 m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 tr\u00ecnh t\u1ef1 c\u00e1c b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3. Tr\u1ecdng t\u00e2m ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng l\u00e0 lu\u1ed3ng \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n. N\u00f3 chi ti\u1ebft h\u00f3a logic v\u1ec1 c\u00e1ch m\u1ed9t quy tr\u00ecnh di chuy\u1ec3n t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ebfn cu\u1ed1i, bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh, v\u00f2ng l\u1eb7p v\u00e0 c\u00e1c nh\u00e1nh \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n. C\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng Bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 c\u00e1c h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a, th\u01b0\u1eddng li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n ANSI ho\u1eb7c ISO. M\u1ed7i h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng mang m\u1ed9t \u00fd ngh\u0129a c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 v\u1ec1 h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n: K\u1ebft th\u00fac: H\u00ecnh elip ho\u1eb7c h\u00ecnh ch\u1eef nh\u1eadt tr\u00f2n, ch\u1ec9 ra \u0111i\u1ec3m b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u ho\u1eb7c k\u1ebft th\u00fac c\u1ee7a quy tr\u00ecnh. Quy tr\u00ecnh: H\u00ecnh ch\u1eef nh\u1eadt bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n m\u1ed9t h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng ho\u1eb7c thao t\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n trong h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. Quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh: H\u00ecnh thoi chia lu\u1ed3ng d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n c\u00f3\/kh\u00f4ng ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u00fang\/sai. Nh\u1eadp\/xu\u1ea5t: H\u00ecnh b\u00ecnh h\u00e0nh d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 vi\u1ec7c nh\u1eadp d\u1eef li\u1ec7u ho\u1eb7c hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3. B\u1ed9 n\u1ed1i: M\u1ed9t h\u00ecnh tr\u00f2n nh\u1ecf d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 n\u1ed1i c\u00e1c ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 qua c\u00e1c trang ho\u1eb7c ph\u1ea7n kh\u00e1c nhau. Lu\u1ed3ng logic \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c m\u0169i t\u00ean n\u1ed1i c\u00e1c h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng n\u00e0y. Th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1 tr\u1ef1c quan n\u00e0y cho ph\u00e9p c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch theo d\u00f5i \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i th\u1ef1c thi c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ho\u1eb7c m\u1ed9t th\u1ee7 t\u1ee5c kinh doanh. N\u00f3 \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t h\u1eefu \u00edch \u0111\u1ec3 ghi ch\u00e9p c\u00e1ch h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng trong c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3. Khi n\u00e0o n\u00ean s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng Bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng l\u00e0 l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng khi \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p n\u1eb1m \u1edf ph\u1ea7n logic v\u00e0 ra quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh trong m\u1ed9t quy tr\u00ecnh. H\u00e3y xem x\u00e9t c\u00e1c t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng sau: Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf thu\u1eadt to\u00e1n: Khi x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh logic t\u1eebng b\u01b0\u1edbc cho m\u1ed9t ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh m\u00e1y t\u00ednh tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u vi\u1ebft m\u00e3. Quy tr\u00ecnh kinh doanh: Khi v\u1ebd s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 c\u00e1c quy tr\u00ecnh ph\u00ea duy\u1ec7t, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 ho\u00e0n ti\u1ec1n chi ph\u00ed ho\u1eb7c quy tr\u00ecnh tuy\u1ec3n d\u1ee5ng. G\u1ee1 l\u1ed7i: Khi theo d\u00f5i \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i th\u1ef1c thi \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ecm ra n\u01a1i h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng b\u1ecb l\u1ed7i ho\u1eb7c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng ngo\u00e0i mong \u0111\u1ee3i. C\u00e1c quy tr\u00ecnh v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n (SOPs): Khi t\u1ea1o t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn cho nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean kh\u00f4ng chuy\u00ean \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1t c\u00e1c h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn. \u0110i\u1ec3m m\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng l\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c nh\u00e1nh \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i. N\u1ebfu ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng nh\u1eadp d\u1eef li\u1ec7u kh\u00f4ng h\u1ee3p l\u1ec7, s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng s\u1ebd ch\u1ec9 r\u00f5 cho h\u1ecd b\u01b0\u1edbc s\u1eeda l\u1ed7i. N\u1ebfu d\u1eef li\u1ec7u h\u1ee3p l\u1ec7, n\u00f3 s\u1ebd chuy\u1ec3n sang giai \u0111o\u1ea1n x\u1eed l\u00fd. S\u1ef1 t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o logic \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t n\u00f3 v\u1edbi c\u00e1c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. Hi\u1ec3u v\u1ec1 s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u (DFD) \ud83d\udce6 S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u (DFD) l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch c\u00f3 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n lu\u1ed3ng th\u00f4ng tin b\u00ean trong m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. Kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng, DFD kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c thao t\u00e1c hay th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m x\u1ea3y ra c\u00e1c s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n. Thay v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, n\u00f3 t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0os\u1ef1 di chuy\u1ec3n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. N\u00f3 minh h\u1ecda c\u00e1ch d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i, l\u01b0u tr\u1eef v\u00e0 truy\u1ec1n t\u1ea3i gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn kh\u00e1c nhau c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. C\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a DFD DFD s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a b\u1edfi c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p nh\u01b0 Yourdon\/DeMarco ho\u1eb7c Gane &amp; Sarson. Tr\u1ecdng t\u00e2m l\u00e0 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i logic \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n n\u00f3. \u0110\u01a1n v\u1ecb b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i: M\u1ed9t h\u00ecnh vu\u00f4ng ho\u1eb7c h\u00ecnh ch\u1eef nh\u1eadt bo tr\u00f2n \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho ngu\u1ed3n ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u00edch c\u1ee7a d\u1eef li\u1ec7u n\u1eb1m ngo\u00e0i ranh gi\u1edbi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng, c\u01a1 quan ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 ho\u1eb7c API b\u00ean th\u1ee9 ba). Quy tr\u00ecnh: M\u1ed9t h\u00ecnh tr\u00f2n ho\u1eb7c h\u00ecnh ch\u1eef nh\u1eadt bo tr\u00f2n \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho s\u1ef1 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. N\u00f3 m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec x\u1ea3y ra v\u1edbi d\u1eef li\u1ec7u, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i logic \u0111\u1eb1ng sau n\u00f3. Kho d\u1eef li\u1ec7u: M\u1ed9t h\u00ecnh ch\u1eef nh\u1eadt m\u1edf \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho n\u01a1i l\u01b0u tr\u1eef d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ec3 truy xu\u1ea5t sau n\u00e0y (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u, t\u1ec7p tin ho\u1eb7c t\u1ee7 h\u1ed3 s\u01a1 v\u1eadt l\u00fd). Lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u: M\u1ed9t m\u0169i t\u00ean ch\u1ec9 h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u di chuy\u1ec3n. N\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi nh\u00e3n b\u1eb1ng t\u00ean d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chuy\u1ec3n. M\u1ed9t quy t\u1eafc quan tr\u1ecdng trong DFD l\u00e0 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ch\u1ea3y tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp gi\u1eefa hai kho d\u1eef li\u1ec7u m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t quy tr\u00ecnh \u1edf gi\u1eefa, c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ch\u1ea3y tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":4101,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_yoast_wpseo_title":"DFD so v\u1edbi S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y: Ch\u1ecdn ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p v\u1ebd s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p \ud83d\udcca","_yoast_wpseo_metadesc":"B\u1ed1i r\u1ed1i gi\u1eefa DFD v\u00e0 s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y? H\u1ecdc c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i, c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c.","fifu_image_url":"","fifu_image_alt":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[84],"tags":[77,83],"class_list":["post-4100","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-dfd","tag-academic","tag-dfd"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v26.1.1 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>DFD so v\u1edbi S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y: Ch\u1ecdn ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p v\u1ebd s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p \ud83d\udcca<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"B\u1ed1i r\u1ed1i gi\u1eefa DFD v\u00e0 s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y? 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