{"id":4094,"date":"2026-03-28T00:26:00","date_gmt":"2026-03-28T00:26:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.diagrams-ai.com\/vn\/dfd-real-world-analyst-developer-communication\/"},"modified":"2026-03-28T00:26:00","modified_gmt":"2026-03-28T00:26:00","slug":"dfd-real-world-analyst-developer-communication","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.diagrams-ai.com\/vn\/dfd-real-world-analyst-developer-communication\/","title":{"rendered":"DFD trong Th\u1ebf Gi\u1edbi Th\u1ef1c T\u1ebf: C\u00e1ch C\u00e1c Nh\u00e0 Ph\u00e2n T\u00edch S\u1eed D\u1ee5ng S\u01a1 \u0110\u1ed3 \u0110\u1ec3 Giao Ti\u1ebfp V\u1edbi C\u00e1c L\u1eadp Tr\u00ecnh Vi\u00ean"},"content":{"rendered":"

Trong ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m, \u00edt t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u n\u00e0o mang tr\u1ecdng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u1eb1ng S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 D\u00f2ng D\u1eef Li\u1ec7u (DFD). D\u00f9 c\u00e1c t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt v\u00e0 kho m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n l\u00e0 thi\u1ebft y\u1ebfu, DFD l\u1ea1i \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 nh\u01b0 c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 d\u1ecbch thu\u1eadt ph\u1ed5 qu\u00e1t gi\u1eefa logic kinh doanh v\u00e0 tri\u1ec3n khai k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt. N\u00f3 c\u1ea7u n\u1ed1i kho\u1ea3ng tr\u1ed1ng n\u01a1i y\u00eau c\u1ea7u k\u1ebft th\u00fac v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c thi b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u. Khi m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch v\u1ebd m\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh, h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 minh h\u1ecda s\u1ef1 di chuy\u1ec3n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u; h\u1ecd \u0111ang \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. V\u1edbi c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 n\u00e0y l\u00e0 b\u1ea3n v\u1ebd thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf chi ti\u1ebft gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00ecnh c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u, \u0111i\u1ec3m cu\u1ed1i API v\u00e0 logic x\u1eed l\u00fd.<\/p>\n

H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn n\u00e0y kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n c\u1ee7a S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 D\u00f2ng D\u1eef Li\u1ec7u trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng chuy\u00ean nghi\u1ec7p. Ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd xem x\u00e9t c\u00e1ch c\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 n\u00e0y ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u01b0 c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 giao ti\u1ebfp, c\u00e1c ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o s\u1ef1 r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng, v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec3m xung \u0111\u1ed9t ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn ph\u00e1t sinh gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch v\u00e0 nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n. B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch hi\u1ec3u s\u00e2u h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a DFD v\u01b0\u1ee3t ra ngo\u00e0i \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft, c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9i nh\u00f3m c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u s\u1ef1 m\u01a1 h\u1ed3 v\u00e0 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau kinh doanh.<\/p>\n

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\"Charcoal<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n

Hi\u1ec3u R\u00f5 C\u00e1c Th\u00e0nh Ph\u1ea7n Ch\u00ednh C\u1ee7a M\u1ed9t DFD \ud83d\udd0d<\/h2>\n

Tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi b\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0o c\u00e1c chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c, \u0111i\u1ec1u thi\u1ebft y\u1ebfu l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp m\u1ed9t t\u1eeb v\u1ef1ng chung. S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 D\u00f2ng D\u1eef Li\u1ec7u l\u00e0 bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n \u0111\u1ed3 h\u1ecda v\u1ec1 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u qua m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng th\u00f4ng tin. Kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 l\u01b0u \u0111\u1ed3, v\u1ed1n mi\u00eau t\u1ea3 lu\u1ed3ng \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n v\u00e0 logic ra quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh, DFD ch\u1ec9 t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i v\u00e0 di chuy\u1ec3n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. M\u1ed7i th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n trong s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ec1u mang m\u1ed9t \u00fd ngh\u0129a ng\u1eef ngh\u0129a c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3.<\/p>\n

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  • C\u00e1c Th\u1ef1c Th\u1ec3 B\u00ean Ngo\u00e0i (H\u00ecnh vu\u00f4ng ho\u1eb7c h\u00ecnh ch\u1eef nh\u1eadt):<\/strong> \u0110\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho ngu\u1ed3n ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u00edch c\u1ee7a d\u1eef li\u1ec7u n\u1eb1m ngo\u00e0i ranh gi\u1edbi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. Ch\u00fang c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng, c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng kh\u00e1c ho\u1eb7c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee9ng. Ch\u00fang kh\u1edfi t\u1ea1o c\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ho\u1eb7c nh\u1eadn k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3.<\/li>\n
  • C\u00e1c Qu\u00e1 Tr\u00ecnh (H\u00ecnh ch\u1eef nh\u1eadt tr\u00f2n ho\u1eb7c h\u00ecnh tr\u00f2n):<\/strong> \u0110\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho s\u1ef1 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 n\u01a1i \u201cc\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c\u201d di\u1ec5n ra. M\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh nh\u1eadn d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o, thay \u0111\u1ed5i n\u00f3 v\u00e0 t\u1ea1o ra d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ea7u ra. Trong b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c h\u00e0m, ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c ho\u1eb7c microservice.<\/li>\n
  • C\u00e1c Kho D\u1eef Li\u1ec7u (H\u00ecnh ch\u1eef nh\u1eadt h\u1edf ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng song song):<\/strong> \u0110\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho kho l\u01b0u tr\u1eef n\u01a1i d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1eef \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng sau n\u00e0y. Bao g\u1ed3m c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u, h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng t\u1eadp tin ho\u1eb7c th\u1eadm ch\u00ed l\u00e0 b\u1ed9 nh\u1edb \u0111\u1ec7m t\u1ea1m th\u1eddi. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 kho l\u01b0u tr\u1eef th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed9ng.<\/li>\n
  • C\u00e1c Lu\u1ed3ng D\u1eef Li\u1ec7u (M\u0169i t\u00ean):<\/strong> \u0110\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho s\u1ef1 di chuy\u1ec3n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3, qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh v\u00e0 kho l\u01b0u tr\u1eef. H\u01b0\u1edbng c\u1ee7a m\u0169i t\u00ean cho bi\u1ebft chi\u1ec1u d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y. M\u1ed7i m\u0169i t\u00ean ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi nh\u00e3n b\u1eb1ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chuy\u1ec3n giao.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

    Khi c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p l\u1ea1i, ch\u00fang t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3 ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac th\u00f4ng tin c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. \u0110\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c c\u1ee7a b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3 n\u00e0y ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c nh\u00e3n v\u00e0 t\u00ednh nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n logic c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i.<\/p>\n

    C\u00e1c M\u1ee9c \u0110\u1ed9 Tr\u1eebu T\u01b0\u1ee3ng: T\u1eeb B\u1ed1i C\u1ea3nh \u0110\u1ebfn Thi\u1ebft K\u1ebf Chi Ti\u1ebft \ud83d\udcc9<\/h2>\n

    C\u00e1c DFD hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 hi\u1ebfm khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra trong m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n duy nh\u1ea5t. Ch\u00fang ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n qua c\u00e1c m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 tr\u1eebu t\u01b0\u1ee3ng, cho ph\u00e9p c\u00e1c b\u00ean li\u00ean quan hi\u1ec3u h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u1edf c\u00e1c m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 chi ti\u1ebft kh\u00e1c nhau. Th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n c\u1ea5p n\u00e0y r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ec3 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh chuy\u1ec3n giao cho nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n.<\/p>\n

    1. S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 B\u1ed1i C\u1ea3nh (M\u1ee9c 0)<\/h3>\n

    \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 g\u00f3c nh\u00ecn c\u1ea5p cao nh\u1ea5t. N\u00f3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh duy nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 v\u1edbi c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i. N\u00f3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u00f5 ranh gi\u1edbi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. V\u1edbi m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 n\u00e0y tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi: \u201cH\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng n\u00e0y n\u00f3i chuy\u1ec7n v\u1edbi c\u00e1i g\u00ec?\u201d N\u00f3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh ph\u1ea1m vi v\u00e0 ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng ph\u1ea1m vi b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch tr\u1ef1c quan h\u00f3a nh\u1eefng g\u00ec n\u1eb1m trong v\u00e0 ngo\u00e0i h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng.<\/p>\n

    2. S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 M\u1ee9c 1<\/h3>\n

    \u1ede \u0111\u00e2y, qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh trung t\u00e2m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00e1ch ra th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh con ch\u00ednh. M\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 n\u00e0y ti\u1ebft l\u1ed9 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac b\u00ean trong m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb m\u1eafc k\u1eb9t v\u00e0o t\u1eebng c\u1ed5ng logic nh\u1ecf. Th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia s\u1ebb v\u1edbi c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ea5p cao \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c chia t\u00e1ch ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac. N\u00f3 gi\u00fap x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c module n\u00e0o c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ea7n tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c b\u1ea3ng c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t.<\/p>\n

    3. S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 M\u1ee9c 2 v\u00e0 Th\u1ea5p H\u01a1n<\/h3>\n

    C\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 n\u00e0y \u0111i s\u00e2u v\u00e0o c\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh con c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 n\u01a1i ch\u1ee9a logic chi ti\u1ebft. C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n th\u01b0\u1eddng tham kh\u1ea3o c\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 n\u00e0y khi vi\u1ebft ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb ho\u1eb7c tri\u1ec3n khai c\u00e1c quy t\u1eafc kinh doanh c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3. Tuy nhi\u00ean, vi\u1ec7c ghi ch\u00e9p qu\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u \u1edf m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh g\u00e1nh n\u1eb7ng b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
    M\u1ee9c S\u01a1 \u0110\u1ed3<\/th>\n\u0110\u1ed1i T\u01b0\u1ee3ng Ch\u00ednh<\/th>\nM\u1ee5c \u0110\u00edch Ch\u00ednh<\/th>\n\u0110\u1ed9 Chi Ti\u1ebft<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
    B\u1ed1i C\u1ea3nh<\/td>\nC\u00e1c b\u00ean li\u00ean quan, Ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac s\u01b0<\/td>\nX\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh Ranh Gi\u1edbi<\/td>\nCao (H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t kh\u1ed1i duy nh\u1ea5t)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    C\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 1<\/td>\nTr\u01b0\u1edfng nh\u00f3m, Ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac s\u01b0<\/td>\nX\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c m\u00f4-\u0111un<\/td>\nTrung b\u00ecnh (C\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh con ch\u00ednh)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    C\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 2+<\/td>\nL\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh vi\u00ean, Ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed<\/td>\nX\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh logic<\/td>\nTh\u1ea5p (Chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

    Kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch giao ti\u1ebfp: Chuy\u00ean vi\u00ean ph\u00e2n t\u00edch so v\u1edbi L\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh vi\u00ean \ud83e\udd1d<\/h2>\n

    Ngay c\u1ea3 khi c\u00f3 s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1ebd r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng, s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3u l\u1ea7m v\u1eabn th\u01b0\u1eddng x\u1ea3y ra. Chuy\u00ean vi\u00ean ph\u00e2n t\u00edch suy ngh\u0129 theo kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb kinh doanh v\u00e0 t\u00ednh to\u00e0n v\u1eb9n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. L\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh vi\u00ean suy ngh\u0129 theo kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh \u0111\u1ed9 tr\u1ec5, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3u d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 DFD l\u00e0 n\u01a1i g\u1eb7p g\u1ee1, nh\u01b0ng n\u00f3 \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi s\u1ef1 d\u1ecbch thu\u1eadt.<\/p>\n

    Nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec3m g\u00e2y m\u00e2u thu\u1eabn ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn<\/h3>\n
      \n
    • Logic ng\u1ea7m \u0111\u1ecbnh:<\/strong> M\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u00e1n nh\u00e3n l\u00e0 ‘X\u00e1c th\u1ef1c ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng’ c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u00f4ng \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n tr\u00ean s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh vi\u00ean, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m tra m\u1ed9t gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb b\u0103m, x\u00e1c minh \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 IP ho\u1eb7c truy v\u1ea5n m\u1ed9t d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 b\u00ean th\u1ee9 ba. S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 DFD ph\u1ea3i th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p ho\u1eb7c li\u00ean k\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u chi ti\u1ebft.<\/li>\n
    • Th\u1eddi gian v\u00e0 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i:<\/strong> S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 DFD th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 t\u0129nh. Ch\u00fang kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n th\u1eddi gian. L\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh vi\u00ean c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1ed9 hay b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1ed9 hay kh\u00f4ng. N\u1ebfu s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n lu\u1ed3ng t\u1eeb Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh A sang Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh B, l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh vi\u00ean s\u1ebd cho r\u1eb1ng n\u00f3 x\u1ea3y ra ngay l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c tr\u1eeb khi c\u00f3 ghi ch\u00fa kh\u00e1c.<\/li>\n
    • C\u1ea5u tr\u00fac d\u1eef li\u1ec7u:<\/strong> M\u1ed9t s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 DFD cho th\u1ea5y d\u1eef li\u1ec7u ‘\u0110\u01a1n h\u00e0ng’ di chuy\u1ec3n t\u1eeb Th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 sang Kho. N\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed3. N\u1ebfu d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01a1n h\u00e0ng ch\u1ee9a c\u00e1c m\u1ea3ng l\u1ed3ng nhau, c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u ph\u1eb3ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u1eb7p kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p, \u0111i\u1ec1u m\u00e0 l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh vi\u00ean ph\u1ea3i suy lu\u1eadn t\u1eeb ng\u1eef c\u1ea3nh c\u1ee7a s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

      L\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ea7y kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch<\/h3>\n

      \u0110\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y, c\u00e1c chuy\u00ean vi\u00ean ph\u00e2n t\u00edch n\u00ean ch\u00fa th\u00edch s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c. C\u00e1c l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh vi\u00ean n\u00ean xem x\u00e9t s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 v\u1ec1 t\u00ednh kh\u1ea3 thi. Vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c n\u00e0y n\u00ean di\u1ec5n ra tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u vi\u1ebft m\u00e3.<\/p>\n

        \n
      • X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh giao di\u1ec7n:<\/strong> Khi m\u1ed9t m\u0169i t\u00ean v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua ranh gi\u1edbi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng, h\u00e3y x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ecbnh d\u1ea1ng giao di\u1ec7n (JSON, XML, CSV) trong t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u \u0111i k\u00e8m.<\/li>\n
      • L\u00e0m r\u00f5 c\u00e1c s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n k\u00edch ho\u1ea1t:<\/strong> X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec k\u00edch ho\u1ea1t m\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh. C\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 c\u00fa nh\u1ea5p chu\u1ed9t c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng, m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00ean l\u1ecbch, hay m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n t\u1eeb h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng kh\u00e1c?<\/li>\n
      • G\u00e1n nh\u00e3n ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c cho c\u00e1c lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u:<\/strong> Tr\u00e1nh s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c nh\u00e3n chung chung nh\u01b0 ‘Th\u00f4ng tin’ hay ‘D\u1eef li\u1ec7u’. H\u00e3y d\u00f9ng c\u00e1c thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 nh\u01b0 ‘M\u00e3 kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng’ ho\u1eb7c ‘D\u1eef li\u1ec7u giao d\u1ecbch’. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y gi\u00fap c\u00e1c l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh vi\u00ean \u0111\u1eb7t t\u00ean bi\u1ebfn v\u00e0 tham s\u1ed1 API m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

        C\u00e1c th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t cho m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c \ud83d\udcdd<\/h2>\n

        Duy tr\u00ec m\u1ed9t s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 DFD lu\u00f4n h\u1eefu \u00edch trong su\u1ed1t v\u00f2ng \u0111\u1eddi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi s\u1ef1 k\u1ef7 lu\u1eadt. M\u1ed9t s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt s\u1ebd tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh g\u00e1nh n\u1eb7ng, g\u00e2y hi\u1ec3u l\u1ea7m cho \u0111\u1ed9i ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u00e0 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn n\u1ee3 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt.<\/p>\n

        1. T\u00ednh nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n trong k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u<\/h3>\n

        C\u00f3 hai tr\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e1i ch\u00ednh v\u1ec1 k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u DFD: Yourdon\/DeMarco v\u00e0 Gane\/Sarson. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 ch\u00fang kh\u00e1c nhau m\u1ed9t ch\u00fat v\u1ec1 h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng (h\u00ecnh tr\u00f2n so v\u1edbi g\u00f3c nh\u1ecdn cho c\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh), nh\u01b0ng \u00fd ngh\u0129a v\u1eabn t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i gi\u1ed1ng nhau. To\u00e0n b\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ed9i ng\u0169 ph\u1ea3i th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t m\u1ed9t chu\u1ea9n m\u1ef1c. Vi\u1ec7c tr\u1ed9n l\u1eabn c\u00e1c k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u trong c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t d\u1ef1 \u00e1n s\u1ebd t\u1ea1o ra g\u00e1nh n\u1eb7ng nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 g\u00e2y nh\u1ea7m l\u1eabn.<\/p>\n

        2. H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u00e1nh s\u1ed1<\/h3>\n

        S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u00e1nh s\u1ed1 ph\u00e2n c\u1ea5p cho c\u00e1c quy tr\u00ecnh. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, n\u1ebfu quy tr\u00ecnh c\u1ea5p cao nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 0, th\u00ec quy tr\u00ecnh con \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean l\u00e0 1.0, v\u00e0 quy tr\u00ecnh con c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 l\u00e0 1.1. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y cho ph\u00e9p tham chi\u1ebfu ch\u00e9o d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng. N\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n nh\u1eafc \u0111\u1ebfn \u201cQuy tr\u00ecnh 3.2\u201d, nh\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch s\u1ebd ngay l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c bi\u1ebft ph\u1ea3i xem ph\u1ea7n n\u00e0o tr\u00ean s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 c\u1ea5p 1.<\/p>\n

        3. T\u00edch h\u1ee3p t\u1eeb \u0111i\u1ec3n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u<\/h3>\n

        S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u (DFD) kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch c\u00f4 l\u1eadp. N\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i \u0111i k\u00e8m v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t T\u1eeb \u0111i\u1ec3n D\u1eef li\u1ec7u. T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a t\u1eebng ph\u1ea7n t\u1eed d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong c\u00e1c m\u0169i t\u00ean. N\u00f3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh ki\u1ec3u d\u1eef li\u1ec7u, \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0i v\u00e0 c\u00e1c r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: \u201c\u0110\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 email: Chu\u1ed7i, T\u1ed1i \u0111a 255 k\u00fd t\u1ef1, Kh\u00e1c nhau\u201d).<\/p>\n

          \n
        • Ki\u1ec3m tra t\u00ednh nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n:<\/strong>\u0110\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o t\u00ean c\u1ee7a lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u trong s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 kh\u1edbp ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c v\u1edbi t\u00ean trong t\u1eeb \u0111i\u1ec3n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u.<\/li>\n
        • T\u00ednh nguy\u00ean t\u1eed:<\/strong>X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u1edf m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a th\u1ea5p nh\u1ea5t. N\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t lu\u1ed3ng ch\u1ee9a \u201c\u0110\u1ecba ch\u1ec9\u201d, t\u1eeb \u0111i\u1ec3n ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u1ed1, Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1, M\u00e3 b\u01b0u ch\u00ednh v\u00e0 Qu\u1ed1c gia.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

          4. Ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n cho s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3<\/h3>\n

          Gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n, s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 c\u0169ng thay \u0111\u1ed5i. M\u1ed9t b\u1ea3n c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt t\u00ednh n\u0103ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u00eam m\u1ed9t lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u m\u1edbi ho\u1eb7c thay \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1ed9t quy tr\u00ecnh. Nh\u1eefng thay \u0111\u1ed5i n\u00e0y ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c theo d\u00f5i. C\u00e1c nh\u00f3m n\u00ean duy tr\u00ec l\u1ecbch s\u1eed c\u00e1c phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3. Khi m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n h\u1ecfi: \u201cCh\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 th\u00eam lu\u1ed3ng thanh to\u00e1n t\u1eeb khi n\u00e0o?\u201d, l\u1ecbch s\u1eed phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n s\u1ebd cung c\u1ea5p c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi.<\/p>\n

          Nh\u1eefng sai l\u1ea7m ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn c\u1ea7n tr\u00e1nh \ud83d\udeab<\/h2>\n

          Ngay c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 kinh nghi\u1ec7m c\u0169ng m\u1eafc sai l\u1ea7m. Nh\u1eadn di\u1ec7n nh\u1eefng m\u1eabu n\u00e0y s\u1edbm s\u1ebd ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u th\u1eddi gian trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n

          1. H\u1ed1 \u0111en d\u1eef li\u1ec7u<\/h3>\n

          \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y x\u1ea3y ra khi m\u1ed9t quy tr\u00ecnh c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea7u ra. N\u00f3 ng\u1ee5 \u00fd r\u1eb1ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra ho\u1eb7c ti\u00eau th\u1ee5 m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3. Trong h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y th\u01b0\u1eddng cho th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t th\u00f4ng b\u00e1o b\u1ecb thi\u1ebfu, y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ghi nh\u1eadt k\u00fd, ho\u1eb7c thao t\u00e1c ghi d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u00e0o c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb b\u1ecf qu\u00ean.<\/p>\n

          2. Ph\u00e9p m\u00e0u d\u1eef li\u1ec7u<\/h3>\n

          \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi h\u1ed1 \u0111en d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. M\u1ed9t quy tr\u00ecnh c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea7u ra nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o. N\u00f3 ng\u1ee5 \u00fd r\u1eb1ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch k\u1ef3 di\u1ec7u. Trong th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb b\u1ecf s\u00f3t trong s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb m\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ecbnh ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u1ed3 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng.<\/p>\n

          3. Lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp t\u1eeb th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 n\u00e0y sang th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 kh\u00e1c<\/h3>\n

          D\u1eef li\u1ec7u kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean ch\u1ea3y tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i n\u00e0y sang th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i kh\u00e1c m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111i qua h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. N\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng g\u1eedi d\u1eef li\u1ec7u cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng kh\u00e1c, d\u1eef li\u1ec7u ph\u1ea3i \u0111i qua m\u1ed9t quy tr\u00ecnh x\u00e1c th\u1ef1c v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecbnh tuy\u1ebfn. C\u00e1c lu\u1ed3ng tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp s\u1ebd b\u1ecf qua c\u00e1c ki\u1ec3m tra b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt v\u00e0 logic kinh doanh.<\/p>\n

          4. C\u00e1c lu\u1ed3ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u00e1n nh\u00e3n ho\u1eb7c m\u01a1 h\u1ed3<\/h3>\n

          Nh\u1eefng m\u0169i t\u00ean kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 nh\u00e3n l\u00e0 v\u00f4 d\u1ee5ng. Ch\u00fang bu\u1ed9c nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea3i \u0111o\u00e1n xem d\u1eef li\u1ec7u n\u00e0o \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c truy\u1ec1n t\u1ea3i. N\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t lu\u1ed3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u00e1n nh\u00e3n l\u00e0 \u201cD\u1eef li\u1ec7u\u201d, th\u00ec qu\u00e1 m\u01a1 h\u1ed3. H\u00e3y s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c danh t\u1eeb c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 n\u1ed9i dung.<\/p>\n

          Tinh ch\u1ec9nh v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec theo v\u00f2ng l\u1eb7p \ud83d\udd04<\/h2>\n

          S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u s\u1ed1ng. N\u00f3 n\u00ean ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n song song v\u1edbi ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m. S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ban \u0111\u1ea7u l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t gi\u1ea3 thuy\u1ebft v\u1ec1 c\u00e1ch h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng. Khi c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed, th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t. S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh tri\u1ec3n khai th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf.<\/p>\n

          Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i n\u00e0y bao g\u1ed3m:<\/p>\n

            \n
          • \u0110\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 Sprint:<\/strong>V\u00e0o cu\u1ed1i c\u00e1c chu k\u1ef3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, xem x\u00e9t s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ed1i chi\u1ebfu v\u1edbi c\u00e1c t\u00ednh n\u0103ng \u0111\u00e3 tri\u1ec3n khai. X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t.<\/li>\n
          • T\u00e1i c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac:<\/strong>N\u1ebfu c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n thay \u0111\u1ed5i (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: t\u00e1ch m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng monolith th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 vi m\u00f4), s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 DFD ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh c\u00e1c ranh gi\u1edbi v\u00e0 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u m\u1edbi.<\/li>\n
          • Ti\u1ebfp nh\u1eadn th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean m\u1edbi:<\/strong>C\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean m\u1edbi trong nh\u00f3m s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 DFD \u0111\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng nhanh ch\u00f3ng. M\u1ed9t s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 l\u1ed7i th\u1eddi s\u1ebd g\u00e2y nh\u1ea7m l\u1eabn cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1edbi v\u00e0 l\u00e0m ch\u1eadm qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh t\u00edch h\u1ee3p.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

            V\u00ed d\u1ee5 th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf: Lu\u1ed3ng x\u1eed l\u00fd thanh to\u00e1n \ud83d\udcb3<\/h2>\n

            \u0110\u1ec3 minh h\u1ecda \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, h\u00e3y xem x\u00e9t m\u1ed9t m\u00f4-\u0111un x\u1eed l\u00fd thanh to\u00e1n. C\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i l\u00e0 Kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng, C\u1ed5ng thanh to\u00e1n v\u00e0 Ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng. H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t \u201cY\u00eau c\u1ea7u thanh to\u00e1n\u201d t\u1eeb Kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng.<\/p>\n

            T\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng A: Giao ti\u1ebfp k\u00e9m<\/strong><\/p>\n

            Nh\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch v\u1ebd m\u1ed9t quy tr\u00ecnh g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201cX\u1eed l\u00fd thanh to\u00e1n\u201d. Nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n cho r\u1eb1ng quy tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y x\u1eed l\u00fd th\u1ebb t\u00edn d\u1ee5ng tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp. S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng. Nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng m\u1ed9t gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p l\u01b0u tr\u1eef chi ti\u1ebft th\u1ebb, vi ph\u1ea1m tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt v\u00ec s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 DFD kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n y\u00eau c\u1ea7u chuy\u1ec3n t\u1ea3i sang c\u1ed5ng thanh to\u00e1n.<\/p>\n

            T\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng B: Giao ti\u1ebfp hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3<\/strong><\/p>\n

            Nh\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch v\u1ebd quy tr\u00ecnh con \u201cX\u1eed l\u00fd thanh to\u00e1n\u201d. N\u00f3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n lu\u1ed3ng \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn C\u1ed5ng thanh to\u00e1n (Th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1nh nh\u00e3n l\u00e0 \u201cD\u1eef li\u1ec7u th\u1ebb \u0111\u00e3 m\u00e3 h\u00f3a\u201d. N\u00f3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n lu\u1ed3ng tr\u1ea3 v\u1ec1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1nh nh\u00e3n l\u00e0 \u201cTr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i giao d\u1ecbch\u201d. T\u1eeb \u0111i\u1ec3n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a \u201cD\u1eef li\u1ec7u th\u1ebb \u0111\u00e3 m\u00e3 h\u00f3a\u201d l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ID tham chi\u1ebfu, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i s\u1ed1 li\u1ec7u th\u00f4. Nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ngay l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c bi\u1ebft ph\u1ea3i s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng t\u00edch h\u1ee3p API thay v\u00ec x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng logic l\u01b0u tr\u1eef.<\/p>\n

            T\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng th\u1ee9 hai ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt. S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c, \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01b0\u1edbng nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ebfn quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac \u0111\u00fang \u0111\u1eafn.<\/p>\n

            H\u1ec7 qu\u1ea3 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \ud83e\udde0<\/h2>\n

            \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u (DFD) l\u00e0 ti\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ec1 tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp cho c\u00e1c quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt. M\u1ed7i m\u0169i t\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho m\u1ed9t l\u1eddi g\u1ecdi m\u1ea1ng, truy v\u1ea5n c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u ho\u1eb7c thao t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecdc\/ghi b\u1ed9 nh\u1edb.<\/p>\n

              \n
            • Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u:<\/strong>C\u00e1c kho d\u1eef li\u1ec7u trong DFD chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp th\u00e0nh b\u1ea3ng ho\u1eb7c b\u1ed9 s\u01b0u t\u1eadp. C\u00e1c m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c quy tr\u00ecnh v\u00e0 kho d\u1eef li\u1ec7u cung c\u1ea5p th\u00f4ng tin cho c\u00e1c r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c kh\u00f3a ngo\u1ea1i.<\/li>\n
            • Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf API:<\/strong>C\u00e1c lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i th\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m cu\u1ed1i REST ho\u1eb7c d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 gRPC. \u0110\u1ea7u v\u00e0o v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u ra c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t quy tr\u00ecnh tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh n\u1ed9i dung y\u00eau c\u1ea7u v\u00e0 ph\u1ea3n h\u1ed3i.<\/li>\n
            • Hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t:<\/strong>N\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t quy tr\u00ecnh c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u ra, n\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh \u0111i\u1ec3m ngh\u1ebdn. S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 DFD gi\u00fap x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c quy tr\u00ecnh c\u00f3 l\u01b0u l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cao c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cache ho\u1eb7c t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a.<\/li>\n
            • B\u1ea3o m\u1eadt:<\/strong>C\u00e1c lu\u1ed3ng v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua ranh gi\u1edbi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ec3m tra k\u1ef9 l\u01b0\u1ee1ng v\u1ec1 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u m\u00e3 h\u00f3a. S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 l\u00e0m n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt n\u01a1i d\u1eef li\u1ec7u nh\u1ea1y c\u1ea3m r\u1eddi kh\u1ecfi khu v\u1ef1c \u0111\u00e1ng tin c\u1eady.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

              K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng \ud83c\udfc1<\/h2>\n

              Gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u kh\u00f4ng n\u1eb1m \u1edf v\u1ebb ngo\u00e0i th\u1ea9m m\u1ef9, m\u00e0 n\u1eb1m \u1edf kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u s\u1ef1 m\u01a1 h\u1ed3. N\u00f3 bu\u1ed9c nh\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch ph\u1ea3i suy ngh\u0129 v\u1ec1 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 n\u01a1i d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn. N\u00f3 bu\u1ed9c nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea3i hi\u1ec3u m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi vi\u1ebft b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 d\u00f2ng m\u00e3 n\u00e0o.<\/p>\n

              Khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u00fang c\u00e1ch, DFD l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u00e0nh l\u1eb7ng l\u1ebd trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n. N\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng k\u00eau g\u1ecdi s\u1ef1 ch\u00fa \u00fd, nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc. C\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9i nh\u00f3m \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 th\u1eddi gian v\u00e0o c\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 DFD ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c duy tr\u00ec v\u00e0 h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c s\u1ebd th\u1ea5y chu k\u1ef3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd tr\u01a1n tru h\u01a1n, \u00edt ph\u1ea3i s\u1eeda ch\u1eefa l\u1ea1i v\u00e0 \u00edt hi\u1ec3u l\u1ea7m h\u01a1n. C\u00f4ng s\u1ee9c b\u1ecf ra cho s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 s\u1ebd mang l\u1ea1i l\u1ee3i \u00edch l\u1edbn v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec c\u1ee7a s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng.<\/p>\n

              B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 c\u00e1c k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u chu\u1ea9n, duy tr\u00ec t\u1eeb \u0111i\u1ec3n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 coi s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed9ng, c\u00e1c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o giao ti\u1ebfp gi\u1eefa ph\u00e2n t\u00edch v\u00e0 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt lu\u00f4n r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng, ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3. S\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1ed9 n\u00e0y l\u00e0 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng cho ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

              Trong ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m, \u00edt t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u n\u00e0o mang tr\u1ecdng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u1eb1ng S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 D\u00f2ng D\u1eef Li\u1ec7u (DFD). D\u00f9 c\u00e1c t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt v\u00e0 kho m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n l\u00e0 thi\u1ebft y\u1ebfu, DFD l\u1ea1i \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 nh\u01b0 c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 d\u1ecbch thu\u1eadt ph\u1ed5 qu\u00e1t gi\u1eefa logic kinh doanh v\u00e0 tri\u1ec3n khai k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt. N\u00f3 c\u1ea7u n\u1ed1i kho\u1ea3ng tr\u1ed1ng n\u01a1i y\u00eau c\u1ea7u k\u1ebft th\u00fac v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c thi b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u. Khi m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch v\u1ebd m\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh, h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 minh h\u1ecda s\u1ef1 di chuy\u1ec3n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u; h\u1ecd \u0111ang \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. V\u1edbi c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 n\u00e0y l\u00e0 b\u1ea3n v\u1ebd thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf chi ti\u1ebft gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00ecnh c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u, \u0111i\u1ec3m cu\u1ed1i API v\u00e0 logic x\u1eed l\u00fd. H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn n\u00e0y kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n c\u1ee7a S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 D\u00f2ng D\u1eef Li\u1ec7u trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng chuy\u00ean nghi\u1ec7p. Ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd xem x\u00e9t c\u00e1ch c\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 n\u00e0y ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u01b0 c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 giao ti\u1ebfp, c\u00e1c ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o s\u1ef1 r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng, v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec3m xung \u0111\u1ed9t ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn ph\u00e1t sinh gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch v\u00e0 nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n. B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch hi\u1ec3u s\u00e2u h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a DFD v\u01b0\u1ee3t ra ngo\u00e0i \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft, c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9i nh\u00f3m c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u s\u1ef1 m\u01a1 h\u1ed3 v\u00e0 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau kinh doanh. Hi\u1ec3u R\u00f5 C\u00e1c Th\u00e0nh Ph\u1ea7n Ch\u00ednh C\u1ee7a M\u1ed9t DFD \ud83d\udd0d Tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi b\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0o c\u00e1c chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c, \u0111i\u1ec1u thi\u1ebft y\u1ebfu l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp m\u1ed9t t\u1eeb v\u1ef1ng chung. S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 D\u00f2ng D\u1eef Li\u1ec7u l\u00e0 bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n \u0111\u1ed3 h\u1ecda v\u1ec1 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u qua m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng th\u00f4ng tin. Kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 l\u01b0u \u0111\u1ed3, v\u1ed1n mi\u00eau t\u1ea3 lu\u1ed3ng \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n v\u00e0 logic ra quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh, DFD ch\u1ec9 t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i v\u00e0 di chuy\u1ec3n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. M\u1ed7i th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n trong s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ec1u mang m\u1ed9t \u00fd ngh\u0129a ng\u1eef ngh\u0129a c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3. C\u00e1c Th\u1ef1c Th\u1ec3 B\u00ean Ngo\u00e0i (H\u00ecnh vu\u00f4ng ho\u1eb7c h\u00ecnh ch\u1eef nh\u1eadt): \u0110\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho ngu\u1ed3n ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u00edch c\u1ee7a d\u1eef li\u1ec7u n\u1eb1m ngo\u00e0i ranh gi\u1edbi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. Ch\u00fang c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng, c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng kh\u00e1c ho\u1eb7c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee9ng. Ch\u00fang kh\u1edfi t\u1ea1o c\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ho\u1eb7c nh\u1eadn k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3. C\u00e1c Qu\u00e1 Tr\u00ecnh (H\u00ecnh ch\u1eef nh\u1eadt tr\u00f2n ho\u1eb7c h\u00ecnh tr\u00f2n): \u0110\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho s\u1ef1 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 n\u01a1i \u201cc\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c\u201d di\u1ec5n ra. M\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh nh\u1eadn d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o, thay \u0111\u1ed5i n\u00f3 v\u00e0 t\u1ea1o ra d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ea7u ra. Trong b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c h\u00e0m, ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c ho\u1eb7c microservice. C\u00e1c Kho D\u1eef Li\u1ec7u (H\u00ecnh ch\u1eef nh\u1eadt h\u1edf ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng song song): \u0110\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho kho l\u01b0u tr\u1eef n\u01a1i d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1eef \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng sau n\u00e0y. Bao g\u1ed3m c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u, h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng t\u1eadp tin ho\u1eb7c th\u1eadm ch\u00ed l\u00e0 b\u1ed9 nh\u1edb \u0111\u1ec7m t\u1ea1m th\u1eddi. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 kho l\u01b0u tr\u1eef th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed9ng. C\u00e1c Lu\u1ed3ng D\u1eef Li\u1ec7u (M\u0169i t\u00ean): \u0110\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho s\u1ef1 di chuy\u1ec3n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3, qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh v\u00e0 kho l\u01b0u tr\u1eef. H\u01b0\u1edbng c\u1ee7a m\u0169i t\u00ean cho bi\u1ebft chi\u1ec1u d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y. M\u1ed7i m\u0169i t\u00ean ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi nh\u00e3n b\u1eb1ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chuy\u1ec3n giao. Khi c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p l\u1ea1i, ch\u00fang t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3 ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac th\u00f4ng tin c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. \u0110\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c c\u1ee7a b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3 n\u00e0y ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c nh\u00e3n v\u00e0 t\u00ednh nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n logic c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i. C\u00e1c M\u1ee9c \u0110\u1ed9 Tr\u1eebu T\u01b0\u1ee3ng: T\u1eeb B\u1ed1i C\u1ea3nh \u0110\u1ebfn Thi\u1ebft K\u1ebf Chi Ti\u1ebft \ud83d\udcc9 C\u00e1c DFD hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 hi\u1ebfm khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra trong m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n duy nh\u1ea5t. Ch\u00fang ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n qua c\u00e1c m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 tr\u1eebu t\u01b0\u1ee3ng, cho ph\u00e9p c\u00e1c b\u00ean li\u00ean quan hi\u1ec3u h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u1edf c\u00e1c m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 chi ti\u1ebft kh\u00e1c nhau. Th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n c\u1ea5p n\u00e0y r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ec3 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh chuy\u1ec3n giao cho nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n. 1. S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 B\u1ed1i C\u1ea3nh (M\u1ee9c 0) \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 g\u00f3c nh\u00ecn c\u1ea5p cao nh\u1ea5t. N\u00f3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh duy nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 v\u1edbi c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i. N\u00f3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u00f5 ranh gi\u1edbi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. V\u1edbi m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 n\u00e0y tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi: \u201cH\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng n\u00e0y n\u00f3i chuy\u1ec7n v\u1edbi c\u00e1i g\u00ec?\u201d N\u00f3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh ph\u1ea1m vi v\u00e0 ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng ph\u1ea1m vi b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch tr\u1ef1c quan h\u00f3a nh\u1eefng g\u00ec n\u1eb1m trong v\u00e0 ngo\u00e0i h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. 2. S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 M\u1ee9c 1 \u1ede \u0111\u00e2y, qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh trung t\u00e2m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00e1ch ra th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh con ch\u00ednh. M\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 n\u00e0y ti\u1ebft l\u1ed9 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac b\u00ean trong m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb m\u1eafc k\u1eb9t v\u00e0o t\u1eebng c\u1ed5ng logic nh\u1ecf. Th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia s\u1ebb v\u1edbi c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ea5p cao \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c chia t\u00e1ch ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac. N\u00f3 gi\u00fap x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c module n\u00e0o c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ea7n tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c b\u1ea3ng c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t. 3. S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 M\u1ee9c 2 v\u00e0 Th\u1ea5p H\u01a1n C\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 n\u00e0y \u0111i s\u00e2u v\u00e0o c\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh con c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 n\u01a1i ch\u1ee9a logic chi ti\u1ebft. C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n th\u01b0\u1eddng tham kh\u1ea3o c\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 n\u00e0y khi vi\u1ebft ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb ho\u1eb7c tri\u1ec3n khai c\u00e1c quy t\u1eafc kinh doanh c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3. Tuy nhi\u00ean, vi\u1ec7c ghi ch\u00e9p qu\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u \u1edf m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh g\u00e1nh n\u1eb7ng b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec. M\u1ee9c S\u01a1 \u0110\u1ed3 \u0110\u1ed1i T\u01b0\u1ee3ng Ch\u00ednh M\u1ee5c \u0110\u00edch Ch\u00ednh \u0110\u1ed9 Chi Ti\u1ebft B\u1ed1i C\u1ea3nh C\u00e1c b\u00ean li\u00ean quan, Ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac s\u01b0 X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh Ranh Gi\u1edbi Cao (H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t kh\u1ed1i duy nh\u1ea5t) C\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 1 Tr\u01b0\u1edfng nh\u00f3m, Ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac s\u01b0 X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c m\u00f4-\u0111un Trung b\u00ecnh (C\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh con ch\u00ednh) C\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 2+<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":4095,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_yoast_wpseo_title":"DFD trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi th\u1ef1c: H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn cho nh\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch v\u00e0 nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n","_yoast_wpseo_metadesc":"H\u1ecdc c\u00e1ch s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u n\u1ed1i li\u1ec1n kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch kinh doanh v\u00e0 nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n. M\u1ed9t h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf v\u1ec1 giao ti\u1ebfp DFD, k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u v\u00e0 c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t.","fifu_image_url":"","fifu_image_alt":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[84],"tags":[77,83],"class_list":["post-4094","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-dfd","tag-academic","tag-dfd"],"yoast_head":"\nDFD trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi th\u1ef1c: H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn cho nh\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch v\u00e0 nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"H\u1ecdc c\u00e1ch s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u n\u1ed1i li\u1ec1n kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch kinh doanh v\u00e0 nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n. 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