{"id":4086,"date":"2026-03-28T04:49:11","date_gmt":"2026-03-28T04:49:11","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.diagrams-ai.com\/vn\/agile-vs-lean-software-engineering-curriculum\/"},"modified":"2026-03-28T04:49:11","modified_gmt":"2026-03-28T04:49:11","slug":"agile-vs-lean-software-engineering-curriculum","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.diagrams-ai.com\/vn\/agile-vs-lean-software-engineering-curriculum\/","title":{"rendered":"Agile so v\u1edbi Lean: Khung n\u00e0o ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p nh\u1ea5t v\u1edbi ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh gi\u1ea3ng d\u1ea1y k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n?"},"content":{"rendered":"

B\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m \u0111ang thay \u0111\u1ed5i. C\u00e1c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng, tuy\u1ebfn t\u00ednh v\u1ec1 gi\u1ea3ng d\u1ea1y hi\u1ec7n kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i. Nh\u1eefng sinh vi\u00ean b\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0o l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng lao \u0111\u1ed9ng ng\u00e0y nay c\u1ea7n h\u01a1n l\u00e0 ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 c\u00fa ph\u00e1p; h\u1ecd c\u1ea7n hi\u1ec3u s\u00e2u s\u1eafc v\u1ec1 quy tr\u00ecnh l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c, h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c v\u00e0 c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn li\u00ean t\u1ee5c. \u0110\u00e2y ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 l\u00fac c\u00e1c khung c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c nh\u01b0 Agile v\u00e0 Lean tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n then ch\u1ed1t trong ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc. Nh\u01b0ng khung n\u00e0o b\u1ea1n n\u00ean \u01b0u ti\u00ean?<\/p>\n

H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn n\u00e0y cung c\u1ea5p ph\u00e2n t\u00edch to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p Agile v\u00e0 Lean trong b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh c\u00e1c ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m h\u1ecdc thu\u1eadt. Ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c, c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i, chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c tri\u1ec3n khai v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 m\u00e0 ch\u00fang nu\u00f4i d\u01b0\u1ee1ng \u1edf sinh vi\u00ean. \u0110\u1ebfn cu\u1ed1i b\u00e0i, b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn khung c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n

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\"Child-style<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n

Hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng \ud83c\udfdb\ufe0f<\/h2>\n

\u0110\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0a ra quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u00e1ng su\u1ed1t, tr\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u00ean ch\u00fang ta ph\u1ea3i x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u00f5 tri\u1ebft l\u00fd c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i. C\u1ea3 hai khung c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec1u ra \u0111\u1eddi t\u1eeb mong mu\u1ed1n c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, nh\u01b0ng ch\u00fang ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng g\u00f3c \u0111\u1ed9 kh\u00e1c nhau.<\/p>\n

Agile: Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng th\u00edch \u1ee9ng v\u00e0 h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c \ud83e\udd1d<\/h3>\n

Agile l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u01b0 duy coi tr\u1ecdng con ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c h\u01a1n l\u00e0 quy tr\u00ecnh v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5. N\u00f3 t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n theo t\u1eebng giai \u0111o\u1ea1n l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i, trong \u0111\u00f3 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n th\u00f4ng qua s\u1ef1 h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9i ng\u0169 t\u1ef1 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c \u0111a ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng. Trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chuy\u1ec3n h\u00f3a th\u00e0nh h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean d\u1ef1 \u00e1n, n\u01a1i sinh vi\u00ean l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c theo c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ee3t ng\u1eafn ho\u1eb7c chu k\u1ef3.<\/p>\n

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  • Tr\u1ecdng t\u00e2m:<\/strong>T\u00ednh linh ho\u1ea1t v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi thay \u0111\u1ed5i.<\/li>\n
  • K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ea7u ra:<\/strong>Ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c giao th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean.<\/li>\n
  • Vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a sinh vi\u00ean:<\/strong>Ng\u01b0\u1eddi tham gia ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed9ng trong l\u1eadp k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n.<\/li>\n
  • Ph\u1ea3n h\u1ed3i:<\/strong>\u0110\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean, theo chu k\u1ef3 ng\u1eafn v\u1edbi c\u00e1c b\u00ean li\u00ean quan.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

    Lean: Hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u l\u00e3ng ph\u00ed \ud83d\udcc9<\/h3>\n

    Lean b\u1eaft ngu\u1ed3n t\u1eeb c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t, c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng S\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t Toyota. N\u00f3 t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o t\u1ed1i \u0111a h\u00f3a gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb cho kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u h\u00f3a l\u00e3ng ph\u00ed. Trong gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m, Lean nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c v\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng kh\u00f4ng t\u1ea1o ra gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb.<\/p>\n

      \n
    • Tr\u1ecdng t\u00e2m:<\/strong>T\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9, ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng kh\u00f4ng t\u1ea1o ra gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb.<\/li>\n
    • K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ea7u ra:<\/strong>D\u00f2ng gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a t\u1eeb \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn giao h\u00e0ng.<\/li>\n
    • Vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a sinh vi\u00ean:<\/strong>Ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a quy tr\u00ecnh v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ea1o ra gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb.<\/li>\n
    • Ph\u1ea3n h\u1ed3i:<\/strong>C\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn li\u00ean t\u1ee5c th\u00f4ng qua ph\u00e2n t\u00edch nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n g\u1ed1c r\u1ec5.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

      B\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh l\u1ecbch s\u1eed v\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c \ud83d\udcdc<\/h2>\n

      Hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c khung c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c n\u00e0y s\u1ebd gi\u00fap gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch c\u00e1ch ch\u00fang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng trong l\u1edbp h\u1ecdc.<\/p>\n

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      • Ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a Agile:<\/strong>Ra \u0111\u1eddi t\u1eeb Tuy\u00ean ng\u00f4n Agile n\u0103m 2001. N\u00f3 l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u h\u00f3a qu\u00e1 m\u1ee9c v\u00e0 l\u1eadp k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch c\u1ee9ng nh\u1eafc. N\u00f3 coi tr\u1ecdng vi\u1ec7c ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi thay \u0111\u1ed5i h\u01a1n l\u00e0 tu\u00e2n theo m\u1ed9t k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch.<\/li>\n
      • Ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a Lean:<\/strong> Ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n t\u1eeb s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t tinh g\u1ecdn v\u00e0o gi\u1eefa th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 20. Sau n\u00e0y n\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0o ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m, t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c gi\u1ea3m th\u1eddi gian gi\u1eefa \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb cho kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

        Trong khi Agile t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o quy tr\u00ecnh<\/em> c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9i ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, th\u00ec Lean t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o lu\u1ed3ng<\/em> c\u1ee7a gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb. Trong m\u1ed9t ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc, s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t n\u00e0y quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1ch b\u1ea1n c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac c\u00e1c b\u00e0i t\u1eadp.<\/p>\n

        So s\u00e1nh c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i \ud83c\udd9a<\/h2>\n

        Vi\u1ec7c tr\u1ef1c quan h\u00f3a s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t gi\u00fap l\u00e0m r\u00f5 n\u01a1i m\u1ed7i ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p nh\u1ea5t trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp. B\u1ea3ng sau \u0111\u00e2y n\u00eau b\u1eadt nh\u1eefng kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t ch\u00ednh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
        Y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1<\/th>\nAgile<\/th>\nLean<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
        M\u1ee5c ti\u00eau ch\u00ednh<\/td>\nKh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng th\u00edch \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi thay \u0111\u1ed5i<\/td>\nLo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf l\u00e3ng ph\u00ed<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
        Lu\u1ed3ng c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c<\/td>\nV\u00f2ng l\u1eb7p tu\u1ea7n t\u1ef1 (Sprint)<\/td>\nLu\u1ed3ng li\u00ean t\u1ee5c (Kanban)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
        C\u1ea5u tr\u00fac \u0111\u1ed9i nh\u00f3m<\/td>\nC\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9i t\u1ef1 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c<\/td>\nC\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9i lu\u1ed3ng gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
        \u0110o l\u01b0\u1eddng<\/td>\nT\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9, Bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 gi\u1ea3m d\u1ea7n Sprint<\/td>\nTh\u1eddi gian d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ea7u, Th\u1eddi gian chu k\u1ef3<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
        C\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn<\/td>\n\u0110\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 sau m\u1ed7i giai \u0111o\u1ea1n<\/td>\nKaizen (C\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn li\u00ean t\u1ee5c)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

        L\u01b0u \u00fd r\u1eb1ng c\u1ea3 hai \u0111\u1ec1u d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o v\u00f2ng ph\u1ea3n h\u1ed3i. Tuy nhi\u00ean, Agile s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c kho\u1ea3ng th\u1eddi gian r\u1eddi r\u1ea1c, trong khi Lean s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh lu\u1ed3ng li\u00ean t\u1ee5c.<\/p>\n

        Tri\u1ec3n khai Agile trong l\u1edbp h\u1ecdc \ud83c\udfeb<\/h2>\n

        Vi\u1ec7c t\u00edch h\u1ee3p Agile v\u00e0o ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i trong c\u00e1ch sinh vi\u00ean nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. H\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng ti\u1ebfp nh\u1eadn ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c m\u00e0 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed9ng.<\/p>\n

        1. C\u1ea5u tr\u00fac c\u00e1c b\u00e0i t\u1eadp nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c Sprint<\/h3>\n

        Thay v\u00ec m\u1ed9t d\u1ef1 \u00e1n l\u1edbn v\u00e0o cu\u1ed1i h\u1ecdc k\u1ef3, h\u00e3y chia c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c chu k\u1ef3 hai tu\u1ea7n. M\u1ed7i chu k\u1ef3 n\u00ean c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t t\u00ednh n\u0103ng c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 ho\u1eb7c s\u1eeda m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1t l\u1ed7i. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y m\u00f4 ph\u1ecfng t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p.<\/p>\n

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        • L\u00ean k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch:<\/strong>Sinh vi\u00ean \u01b0\u1edbc t\u00ednh n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c v\u00e0 \u01b0u ti\u00ean c\u00e1c nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5.<\/li>\n
        • Th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n:<\/strong>C\u00e1c bu\u1ed5i h\u1ecdp h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 ti\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c tr\u1edf ng\u1ea1i.<\/li>\n
        • \u0110\u00e1nh gi\u00e1:<\/strong>C\u00e1c bu\u1ed5i tr\u00ecnh di\u1ec5n c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00e3 ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh v\u00e0o cu\u1ed1i chu k\u1ef3.<\/li>\n
        • R\u00fat kinh nghi\u1ec7m:<\/strong>Suy ng\u1eabm v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec \u0111\u00e3 di\u1ec5n ra t\u1ed1t v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec c\u1ea7n c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

          2. Lu\u00e2n chuy\u1ec3n vai tr\u00f2<\/h3>\n

          Agile th\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c vai tr\u00f2 nh\u01b0 Scrum Master ho\u1eb7c Product Owner. Trong ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc, lu\u00e2n chuy\u1ec3n c\u00e1c vai tr\u00f2 n\u00e0y gi\u1eefa sinh vi\u00ean. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ph\u1ed1i, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n

          3. Nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh s\u1ef1 h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c<\/h3>\n

          L\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh c\u1eb7p v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m tra m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c. M\u1ee5c ti\u00eau l\u00e0 chia s\u1ebb ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n l\u1ed7i s\u1edbm. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u00e1c k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng m\u1ec1m c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft cho c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9i k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n

          Tri\u1ec3n khai Lean trong l\u1edbp h\u1ecdc \ud83d\udcca<\/h2>\n

          Lean \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t, t\u1eadp trung m\u1ea1nh v\u00e0o t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a quy tr\u00ecnh v\u00e0 lu\u1ed3ng c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c.<\/p>\n

          1. Tr\u1ef1c quan h\u00f3a quy tr\u00ecnh l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c<\/h3>\n

          S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng b\u1ea3ng v\u1eadt l\u00fd ho\u1eb7c k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt s\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ec3 theo d\u00f5i c\u00e1c m\u1ee5c c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c. C\u00e1c c\u1ed9t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 bao g\u1ed3m L\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c, \u0110ang th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 \u0110\u00e3 ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh. R\u00e0o c\u1ea3n l\u00e0 s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1ee5c trong c\u1ed9t ‘\u0110ang th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n’.<\/p>\n

            \n
          • \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y bu\u1ed9c sinh vi\u00ean ph\u1ea3i ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 m\u1edbi.<\/li>\n
          • N\u00f3 l\u00e0m n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m ngh\u1ebdn trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp.<\/li>\n
          • N\u00f3 d\u1ea1y kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c \u0111ang th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n (WIP).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

            2. B\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb<\/h3>\n

            Y\u00eau c\u1ea7u sinh vi\u00ean l\u1eadp b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3 h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t t\u00ednh n\u0103ng t\u1eeb \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn tri\u1ec3n khai. X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c b\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u00f4ng t\u1ea1o ra gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 ch\u1edd \u0111\u1ee3i qu\u00e1 m\u1ee9c ho\u1eb7c ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m l\u1ea1i. K\u1ef9 n\u0103ng ph\u00e2n t\u00edch n\u00e0y r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng.<\/p>\n

            3. C\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn li\u00ean t\u1ee5c (Kaizen)<\/h3>\n

            Khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch nh\u1eefng thay \u0111\u1ed5i nh\u1ecf, t\u1eebng b\u01b0\u1edbc trong quy tr\u00ecnh. Y\u00eau c\u1ea7u sinh vi\u00ean x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n trong quy tr\u00ecnh l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c m\u1ed7i tu\u1ea7n. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng th\u00f3i quen t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a.<\/p>\n

            V\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a sinh vi\u00ean \ud83c\udf93<\/h2>\n

            C\u1ea3 hai khung n\u00e0y t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng kh\u00e1c nhau nh\u01b0ng b\u1ed5 tr\u1ee3 cho nhau. Hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y s\u1ebd gi\u00fap trong vi\u1ec7c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc.<\/p>\n

            K\u1ef9 n\u0103ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n b\u1edfi Agile<\/h3>\n
              \n
            • Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng th\u00edch nghi:<\/strong>Sinh vi\u00ean h\u1ecdc c\u00e1ch \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh khi y\u00eau c\u1ea7u thay \u0111\u1ed5i.<\/li>\n
            • Giao ti\u1ebfp:<\/strong> T\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed3ng nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ed1 v\u1ea5n.<\/li>\n
            • Qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n:<\/strong> Qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd c\u00e1c nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n trong b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh nh\u00f3m.<\/li>\n
            • V\u00f2ng ph\u1ea3n h\u1ed3i:<\/strong>Th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 tho\u1ea3i m\u00e1i khi ti\u1ebfp nh\u1eadn v\u00e0 h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng theo ph\u1ea3n h\u1ed3i ph\u00ea b\u00ecnh.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

              K\u1ef9 n\u0103ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n b\u1edfi Lean<\/h3>\n
                \n
              • Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch quy tr\u00ecnh:<\/strong>Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng nh\u1eadn di\u1ec7n nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec3m k\u00e9m hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3.<\/li>\n
              • T\u01b0 duy h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng:<\/strong>Hi\u1ec3u c\u00e1ch m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng.<\/li>\n
              • Hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3:<\/strong>T\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c cung c\u1ea5p gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch nhanh ch\u00f3ng.<\/li>\n
              • Gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1:<\/strong>Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n g\u1ed1c r\u1ec5 \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u0103n ng\u1eeba t\u00e1i di\u1ec5n.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                Chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 \ud83d\udcdd<\/h2>\n

                \u0110\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 theo c\u00e1c khung n\u00e0y \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi ph\u1ea3i v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua s\u1ef1 \u0111\u00fang sai nh\u1ecb ph\u00e2n. B\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 c\u1ea3 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh l\u1eabn s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m.<\/p>\n

                \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi Agile<\/h3>\n
                  \n
                • Theo d\u00f5i t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9:<\/strong>Li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ed9i c\u00f3 ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00e3 l\u00ean k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch kh\u00f4ng?<\/li>\n
                • \u0110\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c nh\u00f3m:<\/strong>Nh\u00f3m \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee9c n\u00e0o?<\/li>\n
                • S\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m \u0111\u1ea7u ra:<\/strong>Ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng danh s\u00e1ch c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c ch\u1edd, c\u00e1c c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng v\u00e0 t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u.<\/li>\n
                • Ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng bu\u1ed5i t\u1ed5ng k\u1ebft:<\/strong>M\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 suy ng\u1eabm v\u1ec1 quy tr\u00ecnh.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                  \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi Lean<\/h3>\n
                    \n
                  • Th\u1eddi gian chu k\u1ef3:<\/strong>M\u1ea5t bao l\u00e2u \u0111\u1ec3 di chuy\u1ec3n m\u1ed9t m\u1ee5c t\u1eeb b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ebfn k\u1ebft th\u00fac?<\/li>\n
                  • Gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c \u0111ang th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n (WIP):<\/strong>Li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ed9i c\u00f3 tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 c\u00e1c gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n lu\u1ed3ng c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c kh\u00f4ng?<\/li>\n
                  • Nh\u1eadn di\u1ec7n l\u00e3ng ph\u00ed:<\/strong>Sinh vi\u00ean c\u00f3 nh\u1eadn di\u1ec7n v\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf c\u00e1c b\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u00f4ng t\u1ea1o gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb kh\u00f4ng?<\/li>\n
                  • Hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t lu\u1ed3ng:<\/strong>T\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 th\u1eddi gian d\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c so v\u1edbi th\u1eddi gian ch\u1edd \u0111\u1ee3i.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                    Th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi gi\u1ea3ng vi\u00ean \ud83d\udc68\u200d\ud83c\udfeb<\/h2>\n

                    Vi\u1ec7c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c khung n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec1 d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng. Gi\u1ea3ng vi\u00ean v\u00e0 c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd ph\u1ea3i v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua nhi\u1ec1u r\u00e0o c\u1ea3n.<\/p>\n

                      \n
                    • \u0110\u00e0o t\u1ea1o gi\u1ea3ng vi\u00ean:<\/strong>Gi\u1ea3ng vi\u00ean c\u1ea7n hi\u1ec3u s\u00e2u s\u1eafc c\u00e1c khung n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec3 h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn sinh vi\u00ean m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3.<\/li>\n
                    • Ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a:<\/strong>L\u1ecbch h\u1ecdc th\u01b0\u1eddng m\u00e2u thu\u1eabn v\u1edbi chu k\u1ef3 sprint.<\/li>\n
                    • \u0110\u1ed9 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p trong \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1:<\/strong>Quy tr\u00ecnh ch\u1ea5m \u0111i\u1ec3m v\u00e0 h\u00e0nh vi \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 kh\u00f3 h\u01a1n so v\u1edbi ch\u1ea5m \u0111i\u1ec3m m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n.<\/li>\n
                    • S\u1ef1 ph\u1ea3n kh\u00e1ng t\u1eeb sinh vi\u00ean:<\/strong>M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 sinh vi\u00ean th\u00edch h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng h\u01a1n l\u00e0 t\u1ef1 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                      Ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi ng\u00e0nh ngh\u1ec1 \ud83c\udfe2<\/h2>\n

                      Nh\u00e0 tuy\u1ec3n d\u1ee5ng ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng mong \u0111\u1ee3i sinh vi\u00ean t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p quen thu\u1ed9c v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y. Tuy nhi\u00ean, nhu c\u1ea7u c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i t\u00f9y theo t\u1eebng t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c.<\/p>\n

                        \n
                      • C\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ty kh\u1edfi nghi\u1ec7p:<\/strong>Th\u01b0\u1eddng \u01b0a chu\u1ed9ng Agile v\u00ec t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00e0 t\u00ednh linh ho\u1ea1t c\u1ee7a n\u00f3.<\/li>\n
                      • Doanh nghi\u1ec7p l\u1edbn:<\/strong>C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thi\u00ean v\u1ec1 Lean v\u00ec s\u1ef1 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a n\u00f3.<\/li>\n
                      • T\u01b0 v\u1ea5n:<\/strong>Coi tr\u1ecdng t\u00ednh linh ho\u1ea1t c\u1ee7a Agile v\u00e0 t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a Lean.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                        Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng c\u1ea3 hai ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p s\u1ebd chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb cho sinh vi\u00ean m\u1ed9t th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn h\u01a1n. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y cho th\u1ea5y h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u00edch nghi v\u1edbi v\u0103n h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 tuy\u1ec3n d\u1ee5ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai.<\/p>\n

                        C\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p \ud83e\udde9<\/h2>\n

                        Nhi\u1ec1u t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c kh\u00f4ng tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 nghi\u00eam ng\u1eb7t m\u1ed9t khung n\u00e0o. H\u1ecd k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 t\u1eeb c\u1ea3 hai. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Agile-Lean ho\u1eb7c Lean-Agile.<\/p>\n

                          \n
                        • Scrum k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p Kanban:<\/strong>S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c sprint c\u00f3 th\u1eddi gian c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh nh\u01b0ng tr\u1ef1c quan h\u00f3a lu\u1ed3ng c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c trong su\u1ed1t sprint.<\/li>\n
                        • Lean Startup:<\/strong>V\u00f2ng l\u1eb7p Build-Measure-Learn v\u1edbi tr\u1ecdng t\u00e2m v\u00e0o h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c th\u1ef1c.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                          Trong ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc, c\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u \u1edf c\u00e1c kh\u00f3a h\u1ecdc n\u00e2ng cao. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y gi\u00fap sinh vi\u00ean nh\u1eadn ra r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c khung ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i quy t\u1eafc c\u1ee9ng nh\u1eafc.<\/p>\n

                          Ma tr\u1eadn quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc \ud83e\udded<\/h2>\n

                          Khi l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn m\u1ed9t khung tham chi\u1ebfu, h\u00e3y c\u00e2n nh\u1eafc c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 sau.<\/p>\n

                            \n
                          • Th\u1eddi l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00f3a h\u1ecdc:<\/strong>C\u00e1c kh\u00f3a h\u1ecdc ng\u1eafn ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p h\u01a1n v\u1edbi c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ee3t Agile. C\u00e1c kh\u00f3a h\u1ecdc d\u00e0i s\u1ebd h\u01b0\u1edfng l\u1ee3i t\u1eeb lu\u1ed3ng Lean.<\/li>\n
                          • Quy m\u00f4 l\u1edbp h\u1ecdc:<\/strong>C\u00e1c l\u1edbp h\u1ecdc l\u1edbn c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y lu\u1ed3ng Lean d\u1ec5 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd h\u01a1n so v\u1edbi c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m Agile nh\u1ecf.<\/li>\n
                          • M\u1ee5c ti\u00eau h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp:<\/strong>N\u1ebfu m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau l\u00e0 h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c, h\u00e3y ch\u1ecdn Agile. N\u1ebfu m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau l\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3, h\u00e3y ch\u1ecdn Lean.<\/li>\n
                          • Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn ngu\u1ed3n l\u1ef1c:<\/strong>Agile \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi nhi\u1ec1u \u0111i\u1ec1u ph\u1ed1i h\u01a1n. Lean \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi nhi\u1ec1u gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t quy tr\u00ecnh h\u01a1n.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                            Xu h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai trong gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c \ud83d\ude80<\/h2>\n

                            L\u0129nh v\u1ef1c n\u00e0y \u0111ang ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n. Nh\u1eefng xu h\u01b0\u1edbng m\u1edbi \u0111ang \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1ch c\u00e1c khung tham chi\u1ebfu n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3ng d\u1ea1y.<\/p>\n

                              \n
                            • H\u1ee3p t\u00e1c t\u1eeb xa:<\/strong>C\u00e1c c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 cho nh\u00f3m ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n.<\/li>\n
                            • T\u00edch h\u1ee3p tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 nh\u00e2n t\u1ea1o:<\/strong>S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng AI \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch d\u1eef li\u1ec7u quy tr\u00ecnh nh\u1eb1m c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn.<\/li>\n
                            • C\u00e1c nh\u00f3m li\u00ean ng\u00e0nh:<\/strong>K\u1ebft h\u1ee3p sinh vi\u00ean ng\u00e0nh k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt v\u1edbi sinh vi\u00ean thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf v\u00e0 kinh doanh.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                              Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc ph\u1ea3i duy tr\u00ec t\u00ednh linh ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00edch h\u1ee3p nh\u1eefng thay \u0111\u1ed5i n\u00e0y. C\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc c\u1ee7a Agile v\u00e0 Lean cung c\u1ea5p s\u1ef1 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 th\u00edch nghi v\u1edbi c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 m\u1edbi.<\/p>\n

                              Nh\u1eefng c\u00e2n nh\u1eafc cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng \ud83d\udd0d<\/h2>\n

                              Vi\u1ec7c l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn gi\u1eefa Agile v\u00e0 Lean kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn nh\u1ecb ph\u00e2n. N\u00f3 ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o nhu c\u1ea7u c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n v\u00e0 c\u00e1c con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ef1 nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a sinh vi\u00ean. C\u1ea3 hai khung tham chi\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ec1u mang l\u1ea1i b\u00e0i h\u1ecdc qu\u00fd gi\u00e1 v\u1ec1 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3, h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c v\u00e0 c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn li\u00ean t\u1ee5c.<\/p>\n

                              Agile xu\u1ea5t s\u1eafc trong vi\u1ec7c th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng th\u00edch nghi v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c nh\u00f3m. N\u00f3 l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng cho c\u00e1c kh\u00f3a h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m v\u00e0 tr\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7m ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng. Lean xu\u1ea5t s\u1eafc trong vi\u1ec7c gi\u1ea3ng d\u1ea1y t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a quy tr\u00ecnh v\u00e0 lu\u1ed3ng c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c. N\u00f3 l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng cho c\u00e1c kh\u00f3a h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt.<\/p>\n

                              Nhi\u1ec1u ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng t\u00edch h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3 hai. H\u1ecd b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u b\u1eb1ng Agile \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng s\u1ef1 g\u1eafn k\u1ebft nh\u00f3m v\u00e0 gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc Lean \u0111\u1ec3 tinh ch\u1ec9nh quy tr\u00ecnh l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c. S\u1ef1 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p n\u00e0y t\u1ea1o n\u00ean n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc cho s\u1ef1 nghi\u1ec7p trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m.<\/p>\n

                              Cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng, m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau l\u00e0 chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb cho sinh vi\u00ean tr\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c. D\u00f9 h\u1ecd s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng Agile, Lean hay k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p c\u1ea3 hai, c\u00e1c k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i nh\u01b0 giao ti\u1ebfp, t\u01b0 duy ph\u1ea3n bi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng th\u00edch nghi v\u1eabn lu\u00f4n l\u00e0 \u01b0u ti\u00ean h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u. T\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 n\u00e0y, khung tham chi\u1ebfu s\u1ebd tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u00edch \u0111\u1ebfn cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

                              B\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m \u0111ang thay \u0111\u1ed5i. C\u00e1c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng, tuy\u1ebfn t\u00ednh v\u1ec1 gi\u1ea3ng d\u1ea1y hi\u1ec7n kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i. Nh\u1eefng sinh vi\u00ean b\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0o l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng lao \u0111\u1ed9ng ng\u00e0y nay c\u1ea7n h\u01a1n l\u00e0 ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 c\u00fa ph\u00e1p; h\u1ecd c\u1ea7n hi\u1ec3u s\u00e2u s\u1eafc v\u1ec1 quy tr\u00ecnh l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c, h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c v\u00e0 c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn li\u00ean t\u1ee5c. \u0110\u00e2y ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 l\u00fac c\u00e1c khung c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c nh\u01b0 Agile v\u00e0 Lean tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n then ch\u1ed1t trong ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc. Nh\u01b0ng khung n\u00e0o b\u1ea1n n\u00ean \u01b0u ti\u00ean? H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn n\u00e0y cung c\u1ea5p ph\u00e2n t\u00edch to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p Agile v\u00e0 Lean trong b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh c\u00e1c ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m h\u1ecdc thu\u1eadt. Ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c, c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i, chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c tri\u1ec3n khai v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 m\u00e0 ch\u00fang nu\u00f4i d\u01b0\u1ee1ng \u1edf sinh vi\u00ean. \u0110\u1ebfn cu\u1ed1i b\u00e0i, b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn khung c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. Hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng \ud83c\udfdb\ufe0f \u0110\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0a ra quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u00e1ng su\u1ed1t, tr\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u00ean ch\u00fang ta ph\u1ea3i x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u00f5 tri\u1ebft l\u00fd c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i. C\u1ea3 hai khung c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec1u ra \u0111\u1eddi t\u1eeb mong mu\u1ed1n c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, nh\u01b0ng ch\u00fang ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng g\u00f3c \u0111\u1ed9 kh\u00e1c nhau. Agile: Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng th\u00edch \u1ee9ng v\u00e0 h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c \ud83e\udd1d Agile l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u01b0 duy coi tr\u1ecdng con ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c h\u01a1n l\u00e0 quy tr\u00ecnh v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5. N\u00f3 t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n theo t\u1eebng giai \u0111o\u1ea1n l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i, trong \u0111\u00f3 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n th\u00f4ng qua s\u1ef1 h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9i ng\u0169 t\u1ef1 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c \u0111a ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng. Trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chuy\u1ec3n h\u00f3a th\u00e0nh h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean d\u1ef1 \u00e1n, n\u01a1i sinh vi\u00ean l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c theo c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ee3t ng\u1eafn ho\u1eb7c chu k\u1ef3. Tr\u1ecdng t\u00e2m:T\u00ednh linh ho\u1ea1t v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi thay \u0111\u1ed5i. K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ea7u ra:Ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c giao th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean. Vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a sinh vi\u00ean:Ng\u01b0\u1eddi tham gia ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed9ng trong l\u1eadp k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n. Ph\u1ea3n h\u1ed3i:\u0110\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean, theo chu k\u1ef3 ng\u1eafn v\u1edbi c\u00e1c b\u00ean li\u00ean quan. Lean: Hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u l\u00e3ng ph\u00ed \ud83d\udcc9 Lean b\u1eaft ngu\u1ed3n t\u1eeb c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t, c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng S\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t Toyota. N\u00f3 t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o t\u1ed1i \u0111a h\u00f3a gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb cho kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u h\u00f3a l\u00e3ng ph\u00ed. Trong gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m, Lean nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c v\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng kh\u00f4ng t\u1ea1o ra gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb. Tr\u1ecdng t\u00e2m:T\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9, ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng kh\u00f4ng t\u1ea1o ra gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb. K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ea7u ra:D\u00f2ng gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a t\u1eeb \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn giao h\u00e0ng. Vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a sinh vi\u00ean:Ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a quy tr\u00ecnh v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ea1o ra gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb. Ph\u1ea3n h\u1ed3i:C\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn li\u00ean t\u1ee5c th\u00f4ng qua ph\u00e2n t\u00edch nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n g\u1ed1c r\u1ec5. B\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh l\u1ecbch s\u1eed v\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c \ud83d\udcdc Hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c khung c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c n\u00e0y s\u1ebd gi\u00fap gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch c\u00e1ch ch\u00fang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng trong l\u1edbp h\u1ecdc. Ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a Agile:Ra \u0111\u1eddi t\u1eeb Tuy\u00ean ng\u00f4n Agile n\u0103m 2001. N\u00f3 l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u h\u00f3a qu\u00e1 m\u1ee9c v\u00e0 l\u1eadp k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch c\u1ee9ng nh\u1eafc. N\u00f3 coi tr\u1ecdng vi\u1ec7c ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi thay \u0111\u1ed5i h\u01a1n l\u00e0 tu\u00e2n theo m\u1ed9t k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch. Ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a Lean: Ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n t\u1eeb s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t tinh g\u1ecdn v\u00e0o gi\u1eefa th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 20. Sau n\u00e0y n\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0o ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m, t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c gi\u1ea3m th\u1eddi gian gi\u1eefa \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb cho kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng. Trong khi Agile t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o quy tr\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9i ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, th\u00ec Lean t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o lu\u1ed3ng c\u1ee7a gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb. Trong m\u1ed9t ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc, s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t n\u00e0y quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1ch b\u1ea1n c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac c\u00e1c b\u00e0i t\u1eadp. So s\u00e1nh c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i \ud83c\udd9a Vi\u1ec7c tr\u1ef1c quan h\u00f3a s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t gi\u00fap l\u00e0m r\u00f5 n\u01a1i m\u1ed7i ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p nh\u1ea5t trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp. B\u1ea3ng sau \u0111\u00e2y n\u00eau b\u1eadt nh\u1eefng kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t ch\u00ednh. Y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 Agile Lean M\u1ee5c ti\u00eau ch\u00ednh Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng th\u00edch \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi thay \u0111\u1ed5i Lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf l\u00e3ng ph\u00ed Lu\u1ed3ng c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c V\u00f2ng l\u1eb7p tu\u1ea7n t\u1ef1 (Sprint) Lu\u1ed3ng li\u00ean t\u1ee5c (Kanban) C\u1ea5u tr\u00fac \u0111\u1ed9i nh\u00f3m C\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9i t\u1ef1 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c C\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9i lu\u1ed3ng gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb \u0110o l\u01b0\u1eddng T\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9, Bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 gi\u1ea3m d\u1ea7n Sprint Th\u1eddi gian d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ea7u, Th\u1eddi gian chu k\u1ef3 C\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn \u0110\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 sau m\u1ed7i giai \u0111o\u1ea1n Kaizen (C\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn li\u00ean t\u1ee5c) L\u01b0u \u00fd r\u1eb1ng c\u1ea3 hai \u0111\u1ec1u d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o v\u00f2ng ph\u1ea3n h\u1ed3i. Tuy nhi\u00ean, Agile s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c kho\u1ea3ng th\u1eddi gian r\u1eddi r\u1ea1c, trong khi Lean s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh lu\u1ed3ng li\u00ean t\u1ee5c. Tri\u1ec3n khai Agile trong l\u1edbp h\u1ecdc \ud83c\udfeb Vi\u1ec7c t\u00edch h\u1ee3p Agile v\u00e0o ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i trong c\u00e1ch sinh vi\u00ean nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. H\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng ti\u1ebfp nh\u1eadn ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c m\u00e0 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed9ng. 1. C\u1ea5u tr\u00fac c\u00e1c b\u00e0i t\u1eadp nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c Sprint Thay v\u00ec m\u1ed9t d\u1ef1 \u00e1n l\u1edbn v\u00e0o cu\u1ed1i h\u1ecdc k\u1ef3, h\u00e3y chia c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c chu k\u1ef3 hai tu\u1ea7n. M\u1ed7i chu k\u1ef3 n\u00ean c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t t\u00ednh n\u0103ng c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 ho\u1eb7c s\u1eeda m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1t l\u1ed7i. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y m\u00f4 ph\u1ecfng t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p. L\u00ean k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch:Sinh vi\u00ean \u01b0\u1edbc t\u00ednh n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c v\u00e0 \u01b0u ti\u00ean c\u00e1c nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5. Th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n:C\u00e1c bu\u1ed5i h\u1ecdp h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 ti\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c tr\u1edf ng\u1ea1i. \u0110\u00e1nh gi\u00e1:C\u00e1c bu\u1ed5i tr\u00ecnh di\u1ec5n c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00e3 ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh v\u00e0o cu\u1ed1i chu k\u1ef3. R\u00fat kinh nghi\u1ec7m:Suy ng\u1eabm v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec \u0111\u00e3 di\u1ec5n ra t\u1ed1t v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":4087,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_yoast_wpseo_title":"Agile so v\u1edbi Lean trong ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m \ud83c\udf93","_yoast_wpseo_metadesc":"So s\u00e1nh c\u00e1c khung tham chi\u1ebfu Agile v\u00e0 Lean trong gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m. Kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 khung n\u00e0o ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n v\u00e0 s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng cho ng\u00e0nh ngh\u1ec1.","fifu_image_url":"","fifu_image_alt":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[82],"tags":[77,81],"class_list":["post-4086","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-agile","tag-academic","tag-agile"],"yoast_head":"\nAgile so v\u1edbi Lean trong ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m \ud83c\udf93<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"So s\u00e1nh c\u00e1c khung tham chi\u1ebfu Agile v\u00e0 Lean trong gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m. 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