{"id":4070,"date":"2026-03-28T19:36:21","date_gmt":"2026-03-28T19:36:21","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.diagrams-ai.com\/vn\/dfd-checklist-complete-accurate-actionable\/"},"modified":"2026-03-28T19:36:21","modified_gmt":"2026-03-28T19:36:21","slug":"dfd-checklist-complete-accurate-actionable","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.diagrams-ai.com\/vn\/dfd-checklist-complete-accurate-actionable\/","title":{"rendered":"B\u1ea3ng ki\u1ec3m DFD: \u0110\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7, ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c thi"},"content":{"rendered":"

S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u (DFD) \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng trong thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. Ch\u00fang cung c\u1ea5p h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh tr\u1ef1c quan v\u1ec1 c\u00e1ch th\u00f4ng tin di chuy\u1ec3n qua h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng, l\u00e0m n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt c\u00e1c quy tr\u00ecnh, kho l\u01b0u tr\u1eef d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 c\u00e1c t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i. Tuy nhi\u00ean, m\u1ed9t s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ch\u1ec9 t\u1ed1t b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c v\u00e0 r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. N\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ec3m tra nghi\u00eam ng\u1eb7t, m\u1ed9t DFD c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn k\u1ef3 v\u1ecdng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1ed9, l\u1ed7i ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u00e0 c\u00e1c l\u1ed7 h\u1ed5ng b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt.<\/p>\n

H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn n\u00e0y cung c\u1ea5p m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3ng ki\u1ec3m to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c minh s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n. Ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd xem x\u00e9t m\u1ecdi kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3, t\u1eeb t\u00ednh to\u00e0n v\u1eb9n c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac \u0111\u1ebfn t\u00ednh nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n logic, \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3n v\u1ebd, m\u00e0 c\u00f2n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng cho k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt v\u00e0 giao ti\u1ebfp. \ud83d\udee0\ufe0f<\/p>\n

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\"Chibi-style<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n

Hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i \ud83e\udde9<\/h2>\n

Tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng b\u1ea3ng ki\u1ec3m, \u0111i\u1ec1u quan tr\u1ecdng l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i x\u00e1c minh r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 m\u1eb7t v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c. M\u1ed9t DFD h\u1ee3p l\u1ec7 ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o b\u1ed1n th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3. N\u1ebfu b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n n\u00e0o b\u1ecb thi\u1ebfu ho\u1eb7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng sai, t\u00ednh to\u00e0n v\u1eb9n c\u1ee7a s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 s\u1ebd b\u1ecb \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng.<\/p>\n

    \n
  • C\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i:<\/strong> \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n ho\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a d\u1eef li\u1ec7u n\u1eb1m ngo\u00e0i ranh gi\u1edbi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. Ch\u00fang \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng, c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng kh\u00e1c ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee9ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c v\u1edbi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng.<\/li>\n
  • C\u00e1c quy tr\u00ecnh:<\/strong> Ch\u00fang \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho c\u00e1c h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng ho\u1eb7c bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng l\u00ean d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. Ch\u00fang nh\u1eadn d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o, thay \u0111\u1ed5i n\u00f3 v\u00e0 t\u1ea1o ra d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ea7u ra.<\/li>\n
  • C\u00e1c kho l\u01b0u tr\u1eef d\u1eef li\u1ec7u:<\/strong> Ch\u00fang \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho n\u01a1i d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0u tr\u1eef khi kh\u00f4ng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng. Bao g\u1ed3m c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u, t\u1eadp tin ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c kho l\u01b0u tr\u1eef v\u1eadt l\u00fd.<\/li>\n
  • C\u00e1c lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u:<\/strong> \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 c\u00e1c m\u0169i t\u00ean k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n, cho th\u1ea5y h\u01b0\u1edbng di chuy\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a th\u00f4ng tin.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

    M\u1ed7i th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i tu\u00e2n theo c\u00e1c quy t\u1eafc k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 c\u00e1c phong c\u00e1ch k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u kh\u00e1c nhau, nh\u01b0ng logic n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng v\u1eabn nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n. \u0110\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o b\u1ea1n quen thu\u1ed9c v\u1edbi ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n, d\u00f9 l\u00e0 Gane v\u00e0 Sarson hay Yourdon v\u00e0 DeMarco.<\/p>\n

    Chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi v\u1ebd s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 \ud83d\udcdd<\/h2>\n

    Vi\u1ec7c x\u00e1c minh b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi v\u1ebd m\u0169i t\u00ean \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean. M\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb t\u1ed1t s\u1ebd gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u l\u1ed7i trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n v\u1ebd s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3. S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c b\u01b0\u1edbc chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb sau \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc.<\/p>\n

      \n
    • X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh ranh gi\u1edbi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng:<\/strong> X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng nh\u1eefng g\u00ec n\u1eb1m trong h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec n\u1eb1m ngo\u00e0i. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c quy tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bao g\u1ed3m v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 n\u00e0o l\u00e0 b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i.<\/li>\n
    • X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c b\u00ean li\u00ean quan:<\/strong> Bi\u1ebft ai s\u1ebd xem x\u00e9t s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3. C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ea7n c\u00e1c chi ti\u1ebft kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch kinh doanh.<\/li>\n
    • Thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp quy \u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1eb7t t\u00ean:<\/strong> Th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t c\u00e1c ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n \u0111\u1eb7t t\u00ean cho quy tr\u00ecnh, lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 kho l\u01b0u tr\u1eef tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u. T\u00ednh nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n s\u1ebd ng\u0103n ng\u1eeba s\u1ef1 nh\u1ea7m l\u1eabn sau n\u00e0y.<\/li>\n
    • X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh ph\u1ea1m vi ph\u00e2n r\u00e3:<\/strong> Quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ea7n bao nhi\u00eau c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 chi ti\u1ebft. M\u1ed9t s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 duy nh\u1ea5t kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9; h\u00e3y l\u00ean k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch cho c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac ph\u00e2n c\u1ea5p.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

      B\u1ea3ng ki\u1ec3m x\u00e1c minh to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n \u2705<\/h2>\n

      S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng b\u1ea3ng n\u00e0y nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t tham chi\u1ebfu trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh xem x\u00e9t c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n. N\u00f3 bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c khu v\u1ef1c quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ec3m tra k\u1ef9 l\u01b0\u1ee1ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u00fang v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
      Lo\u1ea1i<\/th>\nM\u1ee5c ki\u1ec3m tra<\/th>\nTi\u00eau ch\u00ed x\u00e1c minh<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
      C\u1ea5u tr\u00fac<\/strong><\/td>\n\u0110\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a ranh gi\u1edbi<\/td>\nC\u00e1c gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1nh d\u1ea5u r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng b\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ho\u1eb7c khung ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      C\u1ea5u tr\u00fac<\/strong><\/td>\nS\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng quy tr\u00ecnh<\/td>\nC\u00e1c quy tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1nh s\u1ed1 theo th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1 (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: 1.0, 2.0, 3.0).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      D\u00f2ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u<\/strong><\/td>\nH\u01b0\u1edbng m\u0169i t\u00ean<\/td>\nT\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c lu\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec3m b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0 k\u1ebft th\u00fac r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng; kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u0169i t\u00ean tr\u00f4i n\u1ed5i.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      D\u00f2ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u<\/strong><\/td>\nNh\u00e3n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u<\/td>\nM\u1ed7i m\u0169i t\u00ean \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 c\u1ee5m danh t\u1eeb m\u00f4 t\u1ea3, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1eeb.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      L\u00f4gic<\/strong><\/td>\n\u0110\u1ea7u v\u00e0o\/\u0111\u1ea7u ra c\u1ee7a quy tr\u00ecnh<\/td>\nM\u1ed7i quy tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 \u00edt nh\u1ea5t m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea7u ra.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      L\u00f4gic<\/strong><\/td>\nTruy c\u1eadp kho d\u1eef li\u1ec7u<\/td>\nC\u00e1c kho d\u1eef li\u1ec7u ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 c\u1ea3 lu\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ecdc (\u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o) v\u00e0 ghi (\u0111\u1ea7u ra).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      T\u00ednh \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7<\/strong><\/td>\nKh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn t\u1eeb th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i<\/td>\nM\u1ed7i th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i v\u1edbi \u00edt nh\u1ea5t m\u1ed9t quy tr\u00ecnh.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      T\u00ednh \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7<\/strong><\/td>\nT\u00e1ch bi\u1ec7t kho d\u1eef li\u1ec7u<\/td>\nC\u00e1c lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u kh\u00f4ng k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp v\u1edbi c\u00e1c kho d\u1eef li\u1ec7u kh\u00e1c.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

      1. T\u00ednh to\u00e0n v\u1eb9n c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac \ud83d\udd28<\/h3>\n

      B\u1ed1 c\u1ee5c v\u1eadt l\u00fd c\u1ee7a s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ph\u1ea3i h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 lu\u1ed3ng l\u00f4gic. M\u1ed9t s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 h\u1ed7n lo\u1ea1n th\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft h\u1ed7n lo\u1ea1n v\u1ec1 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng.<\/p>\n

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      • \u0110\u00e1nh s\u1ed1 theo th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1:<\/strong>\u0110\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c quy tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1nh s\u1ed1 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch h\u1ee3p l\u00fd. M\u1ee9c 0 n\u00ean b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u b\u1eb1ng 0.0 ho\u1eb7c 1.0. C\u00e1c quy tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n r\u00e3 ph\u1ea3i tu\u00e2n theo th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1 cha-con (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: 1.1, 1.2).<\/li>\n
      • H\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n:<\/strong> N\u1ebfu s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng h\u00ecnh ch\u1eef nh\u1eadt cho c\u00e1c quy tr\u00ecnh, h\u00e3y \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o ch\u00fang kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb nh\u1ea7m l\u1eabn v\u1edbi kho d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. N\u1ebfu s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng h\u00ecnh tr\u00f2n ho\u1eb7c h\u00ecnh ch\u1eef nh\u1eadt bo g\u00f3c, h\u00e3y duy tr\u00ec t\u00ednh nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n trong to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u.<\/li>\n
      • Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n b\u1ecb t\u00e1ch r\u1eddi:<\/strong> Ki\u1ec3m tra xem m\u1ed7i h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i v\u1edbi \u00edt nh\u1ea5t m\u1ed9t th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n kh\u00e1c hay kh\u00f4ng. C\u00e1c quy tr\u00ecnh ho\u1eb7c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 t\u00e1ch bi\u1ec7t cho th\u1ea5y lu\u1ed3ng c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c b\u1ecb gi\u00e1n \u0111o\u1ea1n.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

        2. \u0110\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \ud83d\udd04<\/h3>\n

        C\u00e1c lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng t\u0129nh m\u1ea1ch c\u1ee7a s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3. N\u1ebfu ch\u00fang sai, to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 logic h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng s\u1ebd b\u1ecb sai l\u1ec7ch.<\/p>\n

          \n
        • Ch\u1ec9 d\u00f9ng c\u1ee5m danh t\u1eeb:<\/strong>Nh\u00e3n tr\u00ean c\u00e1c lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 danh t\u1eeb (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: \u201cChi ti\u1ebft \u0111\u01a1n h\u00e0ng\u201d), kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1eeb (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: \u201cX\u1eed l\u00fd \u0111\u01a1n h\u00e0ng\u201d). \u0110\u1ed9ng t\u1eeb n\u00ean n\u1eb1m tr\u00ean ch\u00ednh c\u00e1c quy tr\u00ecnh.<\/li>\n
        • Lu\u1ed3ng hai chi\u1ec1u:<\/strong>N\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t m\u0169i t\u00ean duy nh\u1ea5t k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i hai th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n, h\u00e3y \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o d\u1eef li\u1ec7u th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 \u0111ang ch\u1ea3y theo c\u1ea3 hai chi\u1ec1u. N\u1ebfu d\u1eef li\u1ec7u di chuy\u1ec3n kh\u00e1c nhau theo t\u1eebng chi\u1ec1u, h\u00e3y t\u00e1ch ch\u00fang th\u00e0nh hai m\u0169i t\u00ean ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t v\u1edbi nh\u00e3n kh\u00e1c nhau.<\/li>\n
        • Lu\u1ed3ng ma qu\u00e1i:<\/strong>Lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u n\u00e0o kh\u00f4ng mang th\u00f4ng tin th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf. M\u1ed9t \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng n\u1ed1i gi\u1eefa hai quy tr\u00ecnh m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng truy\u1ec1n t\u1ea3i d\u1eef li\u1ec7u n\u00e0o l\u00e0 ti\u1ebfng \u1ed3n.<\/li>\n
        • T\u00edn hi\u1ec7u \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n so v\u1edbi d\u1eef li\u1ec7u:<\/strong>Ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n v\u00e0 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. T\u00edn hi\u1ec7u \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n (nh\u01b0 \u201cB\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u\u201d ho\u1eb7c \u201cD\u1eebng\u201d) kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. N\u1ebfu ch\u00fang \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i, ch\u00fang n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a kh\u00e1c ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi ch\u00fa ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

          3. X\u00e1c minh logic quy tr\u00ecnh \u2699\ufe0f<\/h3>\n

          C\u00e1c quy tr\u00ecnh bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. N\u1ebfu logic bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i b\u1ecb sai, \u0111\u1ea7u ra s\u1ebd tr\u1edf n\u00ean v\u00f4 d\u1ee5ng.<\/p>\n

            \n
          • Ki\u1ec3m tra l\u1ed7 \u0111en:<\/strong>\u0110\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 quy tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0o ti\u00eau th\u1ee5 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng t\u1ea1o ra b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 \u0111\u1ea7u ra n\u00e0o. M\u1ed9t quy tr\u00ecnh nh\u1eadn d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u00e0o nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m g\u00ec v\u1edbi n\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 l\u1ed7 \u0111en v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i.<\/li>\n
          • Ki\u1ec3m tra l\u1ed7 x\u00e1m:<\/strong>\u0110\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 quy tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0o t\u1ea1o ra d\u1eef li\u1ec7u m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ti\u00eau th\u1ee5 b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u n\u00e0o. M\u1ed9t quy tr\u00ecnh t\u1ea1o ra \u0111\u1ea7u ra t\u1eeb kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 g\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 l\u1ed7 x\u00e1m (ph\u00e9p m\u00e0u).<\/li>\n
          • R\u00f5 r\u00e0ng v\u1ec1 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i:<\/strong>D\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o v\u00e0 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ea7u ra ph\u1ea3i kh\u00e1c nhau. N\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ea7u ra gi\u1ed1ng h\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o, quy tr\u00ecnh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 th\u1eeba, tr\u1eeb khi n\u00f3 th\u00eam th\u00f4ng tin m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 ho\u1eb7c th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u00e1nh d\u1ea5u.<\/li>\n
          • C\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh:<\/strong>C\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u th\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb logic n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9 nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c c\u00e2u l\u1ec7nh \u201cn\u1ebfu\/ho\u1eb7c\u201d. N\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t quy tr\u00ecnh li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn logic nh\u00e1nh, n\u00f3 n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 trong t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1eb7c t\u1ea3 ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean v\u1ebd d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng h\u00ecnh thoi (\u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

            \u0110\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u2696\ufe0f<\/h2>\n

            M\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t trong s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u l\u00e0 c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng. C\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u00e0o v\u00e0 ra kh\u1ecfi m\u1ed9t quy tr\u00ecnh cha kh\u1edbp v\u1edbi d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u00e0o v\u00e0 ra kh\u1ecfi c\u00e1c quy tr\u00ecnh con c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 trong s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 c\u1ea5p th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n

            T\u1ea1i sao c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng l\u1ea1i quan tr\u1ecdng<\/h3>\n

            Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng, th\u00f4ng tin s\u1ebd b\u1ecb m\u1ea5t ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ph\u00e2n r\u00e3. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa b\u1ea3n t\u1ed5ng quan c\u1ea5p cao v\u00e0 k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch tri\u1ec3n khai chi ti\u1ebft.<\/p>\n

            L\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c minh c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng<\/h3>\n
              \n
            • Ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o:<\/strong>T\u1ed5ng c\u00e1c lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u00e0o s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 con ph\u1ea3i b\u1eb1ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u00e0o quy tr\u00ecnh cha.<\/li>\n
            • Ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ea7u ra:<\/strong>T\u1ed5ng c\u00e1c lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u ra kh\u1ecfi s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 con ph\u1ea3i b\u1eb1ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u ra kh\u1ecfi quy tr\u00ecnh cha.<\/li>\n
            • T\u00ednh nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n c\u1ee7a C\u1eeda h\u00e0ng D\u1eef li\u1ec7u:<\/strong> N\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh cha truy c\u1eadp m\u1ed9t c\u1eeda h\u00e0ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u, c\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh con truy c\u1eadp c\u1eeda h\u00e0ng n\u00e0y ph\u1ea3i duy tr\u00ec m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o\/\u0111\u1ea7u ra gi\u1ed1ng nhau.<\/li>\n
            • X\u00e1c minh l\u1ea1i:<\/strong> M\u1ed7i khi b\u1ea1n ph\u00e2n r\u00e3 m\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh, b\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i ki\u1ec3m tra l\u1ea1i s\u1ef1 c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng. D\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng b\u1ecf s\u00f3t m\u1ed9t lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh thu nh\u1ecf.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

              Quy t\u1eafc \u0111\u1eb7t t\u00ean v\u00e0 \u0110\u1ed9 r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng \ud83c\udff7\ufe0f<\/h2>\n

              M\u1ed9t s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 giao ti\u1ebfp. N\u1ebfu c\u00e1c t\u00ean g\u1ecdi m\u01a1 h\u1ed3, vi\u1ec7c giao ti\u1ebfp s\u1ebd th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i. C\u00e1c quy t\u1eafc \u0111\u1eb7t t\u00ean r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng gi\u00fap gi\u1ea3m nhu c\u1ea7u gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch b\u1eb1ng l\u1eddi trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh xem x\u00e9t.<\/p>\n

              \u0110\u1eb7t t\u00ean cho qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh<\/h3>\n
                \n
              • C\u1ea5u tr\u00fac \u0110\u1ed9ng t\u1eeb – Danh t\u1eeb:<\/strong> \u0110\u1eb7t t\u00ean c\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1eeb theo sau l\u00e0 danh t\u1eeb (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: \u201cT\u00ednh thu\u1ebf\u201d, \u201cC\u1eadp nh\u1eadt Kho h\u00e0ng\u201d).<\/li>\n
              • T\u00ean duy nh\u1ea5t:<\/strong> Tr\u00e1nh d\u00f9ng c\u00e1c t\u00ean chung chung nh\u01b0 \u201cQu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh 1\u201d hay \u201cL\u00e0m \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3\u201d. M\u1ed7i qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh c\u1ea7n c\u00f3 t\u00ean duy nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0 m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng.<\/li>\n
              • Nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n:<\/strong> N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n g\u1ecdi n\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u201cX\u00e1c minh Ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng\u201d trong m\u1ed9t s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3, \u0111\u1eebng g\u1ecdi n\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u201cKi\u1ec3m tra \u0110\u0103ng nh\u1eadp\u201d trong s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 kh\u00e1c. S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef \u1edf m\u1ecdi c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                \u0110\u1eb7t t\u00ean cho C\u1eeda h\u00e0ng D\u1eef li\u1ec7u<\/h3>\n
                  \n
                • C\u1ee5m Danh t\u1eeb:<\/strong> C\u00e1c c\u1eeda h\u00e0ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t t\u00ean b\u1eb1ng danh t\u1eeb s\u1ed1 nhi\u1ec1u (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: \u201cH\u1ed3 s\u01a1 Kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng\u201d, \u201cNh\u1eadt k\u00fd \u0110\u01a1n h\u00e0ng\u201d).<\/li>\n
                • L\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng so v\u1edbi V\u1eadt l\u00fd:<\/strong> Kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1eb7t t\u00ean c\u1eeda h\u00e0ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean tri\u1ec3n khai v\u1eadt l\u00fd (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: \u201cSQL_Table_1\u201d). S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng t\u00ean logic m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 n\u1ed9i dung (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: \u201cC\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u Kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng\u201d).<\/li>\n
                • \u0110\u1ed9c nh\u1ea5t:<\/strong> \u0110\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 hai c\u1eeda h\u00e0ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u n\u00e0o chia s\u1ebb t\u00ean gi\u1ed1ng h\u1ec7t nhau, ngay c\u1ea3 khi ch\u00fang n\u1eb1m trong c\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 kh\u00e1c nhau.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                  \u0110\u1eb7t t\u00ean cho Lu\u1ed3ng D\u1eef li\u1ec7u<\/h3>\n
                    \n
                  • D\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3:<\/strong> Kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e1nh nh\u00e3n m\u1ed9t lu\u1ed3ng l\u00e0 \u201cD\u1eef li\u1ec7u\u201d. H\u00e3y c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 h\u01a1n (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: \u201c\u0110\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 Giao h\u00e0ng\u201d, \u201cX\u00e1c nh\u1eadn Thanh to\u00e1n\u201d).<\/li>\n
                  • Thay \u0111\u1ed5i tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i:<\/strong> N\u1ebfu d\u1eef li\u1ec7u thay \u0111\u1ed5i tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: \u201c\u0110\u01a1n h\u00e0ng nh\u00e1p\u201d tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh \u201c\u0110\u01a1n h\u00e0ng cu\u1ed1i\u201d), nh\u00e3n lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u ph\u1ea3i ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t n\u00e0y, ho\u1eb7c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t t\u00ean \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh s\u1ef1 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                    Nh\u1eefng sai l\u1ea7m ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn c\u1ea7n tr\u00e1nh \u26a0\ufe0f<\/h2>\n

                    Ngay c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch c\u00f3 kinh nghi\u1ec7m c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 m\u1eafc b\u1eaby. D\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng l\u1ed7i ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0m \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 DFD.<\/p>\n

                      \n
                    • Lu\u1ed3ng tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp t\u1eeb \u0110\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ebfn \u0110\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng:<\/strong> D\u1eef li\u1ec7u kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ch\u1ea3y tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i n\u00e0y sang \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i kh\u00e1c m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111i qua m\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh n\u1eb1m trong bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y l\u00e0m b\u1ecf qua logic c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng.<\/li>\n
                    • Lu\u1ed3ng t\u1eeb C\u1eeda h\u00e0ng D\u1eef li\u1ec7u n\u00e0y sang C\u1eeda h\u00e0ng D\u1eef li\u1ec7u kh\u00e1c:<\/strong> D\u1eef li\u1ec7u kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 di chuy\u1ec3n tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t kho d\u1eef li\u1ec7u n\u00e0y sang kho d\u1eef li\u1ec7u kh\u00e1c. N\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecdc b\u1edfi m\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i, sau \u0111\u00f3 m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi v\u00e0o kho m\u1edbi.<\/li>\n
                    • Nh\u1ea7m l\u1eabn gi\u1eefa \u0110i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n v\u00e0 D\u1eef li\u1ec7u:<\/strong> C\u00e1c t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u nh\u01b0 \u201cNh\u1ea5n N\u00fat\u201d ho\u1eb7c \u201cH\u1ebft gi\u1edd\u201d l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. Ch\u00fang kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1ebd d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u tr\u1eeb khi ch\u00fang mang theo d\u1eef li\u1ec7u th\u00f4ng tin.<\/li>\n
                    • Qu\u00e1 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p:<\/strong> Tr\u00e1nh \u0111\u01b0a qu\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u chi ti\u1ebft v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 duy nh\u1ea5t. N\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n 7 \u0111\u1ebfn 9 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh, th\u00ec c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng qu\u00e1 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p \u0111\u1ec3 xem trong m\u1ed9t g\u00f3c nh\u00ecn duy nh\u1ea5t. H\u00e3y s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ph\u00e2n r\u00e3 \u0111\u1ec3 chia nh\u1ecf n\u00f3.<\/li>\n
                    • Thi\u1ebfu b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh:<\/strong> Kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 c\u1ea5p 1 ho\u1eb7c c\u1ea5p 2 m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng cung c\u1ea5p s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh (c\u1ea5p 0) nh\u01b0 \u0111i\u1ec3m tham chi\u1ebfu.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                      X\u00e1c minh t\u1eeb c\u00e1c b\u00ean li\u00ean quan \ud83e\udd1d<\/h2>\n

                      \u0110\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t n\u1eeda cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn. S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec3u b\u1edfi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ebd x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng v\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. Vi\u1ec7c x\u00e1c minh \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi s\u1ef1 tham gia t\u00edch c\u1ef1c t\u1eeb c\u00e1c b\u00ean li\u00ean quan.<\/p>\n

                        \n
                      • C\u00e1c bu\u1ed5i \u0111i qua:<\/strong> L\u00ean l\u1ecbch c\u00e1c bu\u1ed5i h\u1ecdp n\u01a1i b\u1ea1n \u0111i qua lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u b\u1eb1ng l\u1eddi n\u00f3i c\u00f9ng b\u00ean li\u00ean quan. Y\u00eau c\u1ea7u h\u1ecd \u0111i qua m\u1ed9t giao d\u1ecbch c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ebfn cu\u1ed1i.<\/li>\n
                      • G\u1ee3i \u00fd c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi:<\/strong> \u0110\u1eb7t c\u00e1c c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi nh\u01b0, \u201c\u0110i\u1ec1u g\u00ec x\u1ea3y ra n\u1ebfu d\u1eef li\u1ec7u n\u00e0y b\u1ecb thi\u1ebfu?\u201d hay \u201cTh\u00f4ng tin n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0u tr\u1eef \u1edf \u0111\u00e2u?\u201d \u0111\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m tra \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3.<\/li>\n
                      • Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch kho\u1ea3ng tr\u1ed1ng:<\/strong> So s\u00e1nh s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 v\u1edbi t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u y\u00eau c\u1ea7u. \u0110\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o m\u1ecdi y\u00eau c\u1ea7u li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn di chuy\u1ec3n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n tr\u1ef1c quan.<\/li>\n
                      • Ph\u1ea3n h\u1ed3i t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ed9i ng\u0169 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n:<\/strong> H\u00e3y \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed9i ng\u0169 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt xem x\u00e9t s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 v\u1ec1 t\u00ednh kh\u1ea3 thi. H\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m ngh\u1ebdn l\u01b0u tr\u1eef d\u1eef li\u1ec7u ho\u1eb7c nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng h\u1ee3p l\u00fd v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t logic m\u00e0 c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch kinh doanh b\u1ecf s\u00f3t.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                        B\u1ea3o tr\u00ec v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n \ud83d\udd04<\/h2>\n

                        H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n theo th\u1eddi gian. Y\u00eau c\u1ea7u thay \u0111\u1ed5i. S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u (DFD) l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u s\u1ed1ng, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u t\u0129nh. Vi\u1ec7c b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec \u0111\u00fang c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 v\u1eabn c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c thi theo th\u1eddi gian.<\/p>\n

                          \n
                        • G\u00e1n phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n:<\/strong> G\u00e1n s\u1ed1 phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n cho c\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: v1.0, v1.1). Ghi ch\u00e9p ng\u00e0y thay \u0111\u1ed5i v\u00e0 l\u00fd do c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt.<\/li>\n
                        • S\u1ed5 ghi ch\u00e9p thay \u0111\u1ed5i:<\/strong> Duy tr\u00ec m\u1ed9t s\u1ed5 ghi ch\u00e9p ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c thay \u0111\u1ed5i. Ghi ch\u00fa l\u1ea1i c\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0o \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00eam, x\u00f3a ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ed5i t\u00ean. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y gi\u00fap h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 ki\u1ec3m to\u00e1n v\u00e0 g\u1ee1 l\u1ed7i sau n\u00e0y.<\/li>\n
                        • \u0110\u1ed3ng b\u1ed9 v\u1edbi y\u00eau c\u1ea7u:<\/strong> M\u1ed7i khi m\u1ed9t y\u00eau c\u1ea7u thay \u0111\u1ed5i, h\u00e3y c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ngay l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c. \u0110\u1eebng \u0111\u1ec3 s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 l\u1ec7ch kh\u1ecfi c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u.<\/li>\n
                        • L\u01b0u tr\u1eef c\u00e1c phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n c\u0169:<\/strong> Gi\u1eef c\u00e1c phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3 lu\u00f4n truy c\u1eadp \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. N\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t t\u00ednh n\u0103ng m\u1edbi l\u00e0m h\u1ecfng m\u1ed9t quy tr\u00ecnh c\u0169, s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 c\u0169 s\u1ebd \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 tham chi\u1ebfu cho h\u00e0nh vi truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                          C\u00e1c b\u01b0\u1edbc ki\u1ec3m tra cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng \ud83d\udd0d<\/h2>\n

                          Tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u, h\u00e3y th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n ki\u1ec3m tra cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng b\u1eb1ng danh s\u00e1ch ki\u1ec3m tra nhanh n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

                            \n
                          • T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1nh s\u1ed1 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c kh\u00f4ng?<\/li>\n
                          • M\u1ed7i lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1nh nh\u00e3n b\u1eb1ng c\u1ee5m danh t\u1eeb kh\u00f4ng?<\/li>\n
                          • T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c kho d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 truy c\u1eadp \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1eeb \u00edt nh\u1ea5t m\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh kh\u00f4ng?<\/li>\n
                          • S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng \u1edf t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c m\u1ee9c kh\u00f4ng?<\/li>\n
                          • C\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i ch\u1ec9 v\u1edbi c\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh kh\u00f4ng?<\/li>\n
                          • Bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng kh\u00f4ng?<\/li>\n
                          • C\u00f3 b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n n\u00e0o tr\u00f4i n\u1ed5i ho\u1eb7c t\u00e1ch r\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng?<\/li>\n
                          • C\u00e1ch k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u c\u00f3 nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n trong to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u kh\u00f4ng?<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                            B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 c\u00e1c h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn n\u00e0y, b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng minh h\u1ecda, m\u00e0 c\u00f2n l\u00e0 b\u1ea3n v\u1ebd thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \u0111\u00e1ng tin c\u1eady cho ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. M\u1ed9t s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ec3m ch\u1ee9ng t\u1ed1t s\u1ebd gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n l\u1ea1i, l\u00e0m r\u00f5 giao ti\u1ebfp v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u d\u1eef li\u1ec7u mong mu\u1ed1n.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

                            S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u (DFD) \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng trong thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. Ch\u00fang cung c\u1ea5p h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh tr\u1ef1c quan v\u1ec1 c\u00e1ch th\u00f4ng tin di chuy\u1ec3n qua h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng, l\u00e0m n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt c\u00e1c quy tr\u00ecnh, kho l\u01b0u tr\u1eef d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 c\u00e1c t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i. Tuy nhi\u00ean, m\u1ed9t s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ch\u1ec9 t\u1ed1t b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c v\u00e0 r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. N\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ec3m tra nghi\u00eam ng\u1eb7t, m\u1ed9t DFD c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn k\u1ef3 v\u1ecdng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1ed9, l\u1ed7i ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u00e0 c\u00e1c l\u1ed7 h\u1ed5ng b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt. H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn n\u00e0y cung c\u1ea5p m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3ng ki\u1ec3m to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c minh s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n. Ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd xem x\u00e9t m\u1ecdi kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3, t\u1eeb t\u00ednh to\u00e0n v\u1eb9n c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac \u0111\u1ebfn t\u00ednh nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n logic, \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3n v\u1ebd, m\u00e0 c\u00f2n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng cho k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt v\u00e0 giao ti\u1ebfp. \ud83d\udee0\ufe0f Hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i \ud83e\udde9 Tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng b\u1ea3ng ki\u1ec3m, \u0111i\u1ec1u quan tr\u1ecdng l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i x\u00e1c minh r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 m\u1eb7t v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c. M\u1ed9t DFD h\u1ee3p l\u1ec7 ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o b\u1ed1n th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3. N\u1ebfu b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n n\u00e0o b\u1ecb thi\u1ebfu ho\u1eb7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng sai, t\u00ednh to\u00e0n v\u1eb9n c\u1ee7a s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 s\u1ebd b\u1ecb \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng. C\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i: \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n ho\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a d\u1eef li\u1ec7u n\u1eb1m ngo\u00e0i ranh gi\u1edbi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. Ch\u00fang \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng, c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng kh\u00e1c ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee9ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c v\u1edbi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. C\u00e1c quy tr\u00ecnh: Ch\u00fang \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho c\u00e1c h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng ho\u1eb7c bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng l\u00ean d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. Ch\u00fang nh\u1eadn d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o, thay \u0111\u1ed5i n\u00f3 v\u00e0 t\u1ea1o ra d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ea7u ra. C\u00e1c kho l\u01b0u tr\u1eef d\u1eef li\u1ec7u: Ch\u00fang \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho n\u01a1i d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0u tr\u1eef khi kh\u00f4ng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng. Bao g\u1ed3m c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u, t\u1eadp tin ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c kho l\u01b0u tr\u1eef v\u1eadt l\u00fd. C\u00e1c lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u: \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 c\u00e1c m\u0169i t\u00ean k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n, cho th\u1ea5y h\u01b0\u1edbng di chuy\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a th\u00f4ng tin. M\u1ed7i th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i tu\u00e2n theo c\u00e1c quy t\u1eafc k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 c\u00e1c phong c\u00e1ch k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u kh\u00e1c nhau, nh\u01b0ng logic n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng v\u1eabn nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n. \u0110\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o b\u1ea1n quen thu\u1ed9c v\u1edbi ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n, d\u00f9 l\u00e0 Gane v\u00e0 Sarson hay Yourdon v\u00e0 DeMarco. Chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi v\u1ebd s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 \ud83d\udcdd Vi\u1ec7c x\u00e1c minh b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi v\u1ebd m\u0169i t\u00ean \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean. M\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb t\u1ed1t s\u1ebd gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u l\u1ed7i trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n v\u1ebd s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3. S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c b\u01b0\u1edbc chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb sau \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc. X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh ranh gi\u1edbi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng: X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng nh\u1eefng g\u00ec n\u1eb1m trong h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec n\u1eb1m ngo\u00e0i. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c quy tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bao g\u1ed3m v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 n\u00e0o l\u00e0 b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i. X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c b\u00ean li\u00ean quan: Bi\u1ebft ai s\u1ebd xem x\u00e9t s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3. C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ea7n c\u00e1c chi ti\u1ebft kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch kinh doanh. Thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp quy \u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1eb7t t\u00ean: Th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t c\u00e1c ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n \u0111\u1eb7t t\u00ean cho quy tr\u00ecnh, lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 kho l\u01b0u tr\u1eef tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u. T\u00ednh nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n s\u1ebd ng\u0103n ng\u1eeba s\u1ef1 nh\u1ea7m l\u1eabn sau n\u00e0y. X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh ph\u1ea1m vi ph\u00e2n r\u00e3: Quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ea7n bao nhi\u00eau c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 chi ti\u1ebft. M\u1ed9t s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 duy nh\u1ea5t kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9; h\u00e3y l\u00ean k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch cho c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac ph\u00e2n c\u1ea5p. B\u1ea3ng ki\u1ec3m x\u00e1c minh to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n \u2705 S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng b\u1ea3ng n\u00e0y nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t tham chi\u1ebfu trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh xem x\u00e9t c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n. N\u00f3 bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c khu v\u1ef1c quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ec3m tra k\u1ef9 l\u01b0\u1ee1ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u00fang v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c. Lo\u1ea1i M\u1ee5c ki\u1ec3m tra Ti\u00eau ch\u00ed x\u00e1c minh C\u1ea5u tr\u00fac \u0110\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a ranh gi\u1edbi C\u00e1c gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1nh d\u1ea5u r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng b\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ho\u1eb7c khung ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t. C\u1ea5u tr\u00fac S\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng quy tr\u00ecnh C\u00e1c quy tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1nh s\u1ed1 theo th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1 (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: 1.0, 2.0, 3.0). D\u00f2ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u H\u01b0\u1edbng m\u0169i t\u00ean T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c lu\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec3m b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0 k\u1ebft th\u00fac r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng; kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u0169i t\u00ean tr\u00f4i n\u1ed5i. D\u00f2ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u Nh\u00e3n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u M\u1ed7i m\u0169i t\u00ean \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 c\u1ee5m danh t\u1eeb m\u00f4 t\u1ea3, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1eeb. L\u00f4gic \u0110\u1ea7u v\u00e0o\/\u0111\u1ea7u ra c\u1ee7a quy tr\u00ecnh M\u1ed7i quy tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 \u00edt nh\u1ea5t m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea7u ra. L\u00f4gic Truy c\u1eadp kho d\u1eef li\u1ec7u C\u00e1c kho d\u1eef li\u1ec7u ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 c\u1ea3 lu\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ecdc (\u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o) v\u00e0 ghi (\u0111\u1ea7u ra). T\u00ednh \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn t\u1eeb th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i M\u1ed7i th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i v\u1edbi \u00edt nh\u1ea5t m\u1ed9t quy tr\u00ecnh. T\u00ednh \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 T\u00e1ch bi\u1ec7t kho d\u1eef li\u1ec7u C\u00e1c lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u kh\u00f4ng k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp v\u1edbi c\u00e1c kho d\u1eef li\u1ec7u kh\u00e1c. 1. T\u00ednh to\u00e0n v\u1eb9n c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac \ud83d\udd28 B\u1ed1 c\u1ee5c v\u1eadt l\u00fd c\u1ee7a s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ph\u1ea3i h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 lu\u1ed3ng l\u00f4gic. M\u1ed9t s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 h\u1ed7n lo\u1ea1n th\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft h\u1ed7n lo\u1ea1n v\u1ec1 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. \u0110\u00e1nh s\u1ed1 theo th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1:\u0110\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c quy tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1nh s\u1ed1 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch h\u1ee3p l\u00fd. M\u1ee9c 0 n\u00ean b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u b\u1eb1ng 0.0 ho\u1eb7c 1.0. C\u00e1c quy tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n r\u00e3 ph\u1ea3i tu\u00e2n theo th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1 cha-con (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: 1.1, 1.2). H\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n: N\u1ebfu s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng h\u00ecnh ch\u1eef nh\u1eadt cho c\u00e1c quy tr\u00ecnh, h\u00e3y \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o ch\u00fang kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb nh\u1ea7m l\u1eabn v\u1edbi kho d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. N\u1ebfu s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng h\u00ecnh tr\u00f2n ho\u1eb7c h\u00ecnh ch\u1eef nh\u1eadt bo g\u00f3c, h\u00e3y duy tr\u00ec t\u00ednh nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n trong to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n b\u1ecb t\u00e1ch r\u1eddi: Ki\u1ec3m tra xem m\u1ed7i h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i v\u1edbi \u00edt nh\u1ea5t m\u1ed9t<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":4071,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_yoast_wpseo_title":"Danh s\u00e1ch ki\u1ec3m tra s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u: H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7, ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n","_yoast_wpseo_metadesc":"X\u00e1c minh s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n b\u1eb1ng danh s\u00e1ch ki\u1ec3m tra to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n n\u00e0y. \u0110\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c, s\u1ef1 c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng v\u00e0 t\u00ednh r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ec3 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n.","fifu_image_url":"","fifu_image_alt":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[84],"tags":[77,83],"class_list":["post-4070","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-dfd","tag-academic","tag-dfd"],"yoast_head":"\nDanh s\u00e1ch ki\u1ec3m tra s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u: H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7, ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"X\u00e1c minh s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n b\u1eb1ng danh s\u00e1ch ki\u1ec3m tra to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n n\u00e0y. \u0110\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c, s\u1ef1 c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng v\u00e0 t\u00ednh r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ec3 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" 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