{"id":4064,"date":"2026-03-28T21:41:51","date_gmt":"2026-03-28T21:41:51","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.diagrams-ai.com\/vn\/dfd-in-action-business-analysts-process-gaps\/"},"modified":"2026-03-28T21:41:51","modified_gmt":"2026-03-28T21:41:51","slug":"dfd-in-action-business-analysts-process-gaps","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.diagrams-ai.com\/vn\/dfd-in-action-business-analysts-process-gaps\/","title":{"rendered":"DFD trong h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng: C\u00e1ch c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch kinh doanh s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n kho\u1ea3ng tr\u1ed1ng quy tr\u00ecnh"},"content":{"rendered":"

Trong b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p c\u1ee7a ph\u00e2n t\u00edch h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng, s\u1ef1 r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u t\u1ed1i quan tr\u1ecdng. C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch kinh doanh th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed1i m\u1eb7t v\u1edbi th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u m\u01a1 h\u1ed3 th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c t\u1ea3 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3. M\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ea7y kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch n\u00e0y l\u00e0 S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 D\u00f2ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u, hay DFD. \u0110\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n tr\u1ef1c quan n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01a1n thu\u1ea7n m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u; n\u00f3 ph\u01a1i b\u00e0y lu\u1ed3ng th\u00f4ng tin logic b\u00ean trong h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng DFD, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n nh\u1eefng b\u1ea5t nh\u1ea5t, \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o b\u1ecb thi\u1ebfu v\u00e0 c\u00e1c quy tr\u00ecnh tr\u00f9ng l\u1eb7p m\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb b\u1ecf s\u00f3t cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi tri\u1ec3n khai. H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn n\u00e0y kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 c\u00e1ch \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a DFD trong vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n kho\u1ea3ng tr\u1ed1ng quy tr\u00ecnh v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc.<\/p>\n

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\"Kawaii<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n

Hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i c\u1ee7a S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 D\u00f2ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \ud83d\udd0d<\/h2>\n

\u0110\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 n\u00e0y hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3, ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng ph\u1ea3i hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 c\u00e1c kh\u1ed1i x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n. DFD l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 c\u00f3 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 c\u00e1ch d\u1eef li\u1ec7u di chuy\u1ec3n qua h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. N\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c, v\u00ec n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh hay logic \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n, m\u00e0 thay v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i v\u00e0 l\u01b0u tr\u1eef d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. C\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n sau \u0111\u00e2y t\u1ea1o n\u00ean n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng cho m\u1ecdi s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3:<\/p>\n

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  • C\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i:<\/strong> \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n ho\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a d\u1eef li\u1ec7u n\u1eb1m ngo\u00e0i ranh gi\u1edbi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. Ch\u00fang \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng, c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng kh\u00e1c ho\u1eb7c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c v\u1edbi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 logic n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng.<\/li>\n
  • C\u00e1c quy tr\u00ecnh:<\/strong> \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 c\u00e1c h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng ho\u1eb7c bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o th\u00e0nh d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ea7u ra. M\u1ed9t quy tr\u00ecnh nh\u1eadn th\u00f4ng tin, thay \u0111\u1ed5i n\u00f3 v\u00e0 g\u1eedi \u0111i n\u01a1i kh\u00e1c. M\u1ed7i quy tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 \u00edt nh\u1ea5t m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea7u ra.<\/li>\n
  • C\u00e1c kho d\u1eef li\u1ec7u:<\/strong> \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng n\u01a1i l\u01b0u tr\u1eef d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng sau n\u00e0y. Ch\u00fang c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u1eadt l\u00fd, c\u00e1c t\u1ec7p tin ho\u1eb7c th\u1eadm ch\u00ed l\u00e0 h\u1ed3 s\u01a1 th\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng. D\u1eef li\u1ec7u ch\u1ea3y v\u00e0o kho \u0111\u1ec3 l\u01b0u tr\u1eef v\u00e0 ch\u1ea3y ra kh\u1ecfi kho \u0111\u1ec3 truy xu\u1ea5t.<\/li>\n
  • C\u00e1c lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u:<\/strong> \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 c\u00e1c h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3, quy tr\u00ecnh v\u00e0 kho d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. Ch\u00fang ch\u1ec9 ra h\u01b0\u1edbng di chuy\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi nh\u00e3n b\u1eb1ng th\u00f4ng tin c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chuy\u1ec3n giao.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

    Khi x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3, t\u00ednh nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n l\u00e0 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 then ch\u1ed1t. T\u00ean lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u gi\u1ed1ng nhau ph\u1ea3i xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n gi\u1ed1ng h\u1ec7t nhau tr\u00ean to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o c\u00e1c b\u00ean li\u00ean quan hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c th\u00f4ng tin n\u00e0o \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c di chuy\u1ec3n \u1edf m\u1ed7i giai \u0111o\u1ea1n. Thi\u1ebfu s\u1ef1 r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng n\u00e0y s\u1ebd d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn hi\u1ec3u l\u1ea7m, g\u00e2y ra l\u1ed7i ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n.<\/p>\n

    Quy tr\u00ecnh l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch kinh doanh: T\u1eeb khai th\u00e1c \u0111\u1ebfn x\u00e1c th\u1ef1c \ud83d\udd75\ufe0f\u200d\u2640\ufe0f<\/h2>\n

    C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch kinh doanh kh\u00f4ng t\u1ea1o s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch t\u00e1ch bi\u1ec7t. Quy tr\u00ecnh bao g\u1ed3m nhi\u1ec1u giai \u0111o\u1ea1n kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 v\u00e0 x\u00e1c minh. Quy tr\u00ecnh l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c th\u01b0\u1eddng tu\u00e2n theo m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn c\u00f3 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c v\u00e0 t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7.<\/p>\n

    1. Khai th\u00e1c ban \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0 b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh h\u00f3a<\/h3>\n

    Tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi v\u1ebd c\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 h\u00ecnh h\u1ed9p, nh\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch ph\u1ea3i hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 ph\u1ea1m vi. B\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c ph\u1ecfng v\u1ea5n c\u1ea5p cao v\u00e0 xem x\u00e9t t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u. M\u1ee5c ti\u00eau l\u00e0 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh ranh gi\u1edbi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. \u0110i\u1ec1u g\u00ec n\u1eb1m trong h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng, v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec n\u1eb1m ngo\u00e0i? B\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y th\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c t\u1ea1o ra S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh, c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 DFD c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 0. N\u00f3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t quy tr\u00ecnh duy nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0 c\u00e1c t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 v\u1edbi c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i.<\/p>\n

    2. Ph\u00e2n r\u00e3 v\u00e0 chi ti\u1ebft h\u00f3a<\/h3>\n

    Khi b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh, quy tr\u00ecnh duy nh\u1ea5t s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia nh\u1ecf th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c quy tr\u00ecnh con. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 ph\u00e2n r\u00e3. DFD c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 1 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh, th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c quy tr\u00ecnh n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh. M\u1ed7i c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 ti\u1ebfp theo, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 2, \u0111i s\u00e2u h\u01a1n v\u00e0o c\u00e1c thao t\u00e1c c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3. C\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn ph\u00e2n c\u1ea5p n\u00e0y cho ph\u00e9p ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch h\u1ee3p l\u00fd.<\/p>\n

    3. X\u00e1c th\u1ef1c v\u1edbi c\u00e1c b\u00ean li\u00ean quan<\/h3>\n

    C\u00e1c b\u1ea3n nh\u00e1p s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem x\u00e9t c\u00f9ng nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng kinh doanh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n nh\u1eefng l\u1ed7i logic m\u00e0 c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecf s\u00f3t. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 ra r\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t b\u00e1o c\u00e1o c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 ch\u01b0a bao gi\u1edd th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra trong quy tr\u00ecnh hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i, l\u00e0m l\u1ed9 ra kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch gi\u1eefa thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf.<\/p>\n

    Ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n kho\u1ea3ng tr\u1ed1ng quy tr\u00ecnh th\u00f4ng qua ph\u00e2n t\u00edch tr\u1ef1c quan \ud83d\udd0e<\/h2>\n

    Gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a DFD n\u1eb1m \u1edf kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ph\u01a1i b\u00e0y c\u00e1c kho\u1ea3ng tr\u1ed1ng. Kho\u1ea3ng tr\u1ed1ng x\u1ea3y ra khi lu\u1ed3ng th\u00f4ng tin logic b\u1ecb gi\u00e1n \u0111o\u1ea1n, ch\u01b0a \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 ho\u1eb7c kh\u00f4ng nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n. C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm nh\u1eefng b\u1ea5t th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 cho th\u1ea5y nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

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    • H\u1ed1 \u0111en:<\/strong> M\u1ed9t quy tr\u00ecnh c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea7u ra. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y cho th\u1ea5y d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111ang v\u00e0o h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0ng bi\u1ebfn m\u1ea5t m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u1eed l\u00fd hay l\u01b0u tr\u1eef. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec3m l\u1ed7i nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng.<\/li>\n
    • H\u1ed1 x\u00e1m:<\/strong> M\u1ed9t quy tr\u00ecnh c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ea7u ra nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea7u ra c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, m\u1ed9t quy tr\u00ecnh nh\u1eadp \u0111\u01a1n h\u00e0ng ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn d\u1eef li\u1ec7u nh\u01b0ng th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i trong vi\u1ec7c c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt kho h\u00e0ng ho\u1eb7c t\u1ea1o h\u00f3a \u0111\u01a1n.<\/li>\n
    • Lu\u1ed3ng m\u1ea5t c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng:<\/strong> \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y x\u1ea3y ra khi m\u1ed9t quy tr\u00ecnh cha \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n r\u00e3 th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c quy tr\u00ecnh con, nh\u01b0ng c\u00e1c lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u kh\u00f4ng kh\u1edbp nhau. C\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u ra \u1edf c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 con ph\u1ea3i b\u1eb1ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u ra \u1edf c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 cha.<\/li>\n
    • Sinh ra t\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t:<\/strong> M\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea7u ra nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o. D\u1eef li\u1ec7u kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n t\u1eeb nowhere. M\u1ecdi \u0111\u1ea7u ra \u0111\u1ec1u ph\u1ea3i b\u1eaft ngu\u1ed3n t\u1eeb \u0111\u00e2u \u0111\u00f3, ho\u1eb7c t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3, m\u1ed9t kho d\u1eef li\u1ec7u, ho\u1eb7c m\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh kh\u00e1c.<\/li>\n
    • Tuy\u1ec7t ch\u1ee7ng:<\/strong> M\u1ed9t kho d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea7u ra. D\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t t\u1ec7p nh\u01b0ng ch\u01b0a bao gi\u1edd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecdc ho\u1eb7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y cho th\u1ea5y s\u1ef1 l\u00e3ng ph\u00ed t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean v\u00e0 nguy c\u01a1 m\u1ea5t d\u1eef li\u1ec7u.<\/li>\n
    • Xung \u0111\u1ed9t lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u:<\/strong> Khi c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n t\u1eed d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t t\u00ean kh\u00e1c nhau \u1edf c\u00e1c ph\u1ea7n kh\u00e1c nhau c\u1ee7a s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y t\u1ea1o ra s\u1ef1 nh\u1ea7m l\u1eabn v\u00e0 c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 t\u00edch h\u1ee3p v\u1ec1 sau.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

      B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch ki\u1ec3m tra h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u00e1c b\u1ea5t th\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00e0y, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tinh ch\u1ec9nh y\u00eau c\u1ea7u tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi vi\u1ebft b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 d\u00f2ng m\u00e3 n\u00e0o. C\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u00e0y gi\u00fap ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 th\u1eddi gian v\u00e0 ng\u00e2n s\u00e1ch trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n.<\/p>\n

      Nh\u1eefng b\u1ea5t th\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn v\u00e0 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang \ud83d\udee0\ufe0f<\/h2>\n

      Hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c b\u1ea5t th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft l\u00e0 h\u1eefu \u00edch, nh\u01b0ng vi\u1ec7c th\u1ea5y ch\u00fang \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u then ch\u1ed1t. B\u1ea3ng d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y n\u00eau r\u00f5 c\u00e1c l\u1ed7i ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn trong DFD v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh ph\u00e1t sinh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
      Lo\u1ea1i b\u1ea5t th\u01b0\u1eddng<\/th>\nM\u00f4 t\u1ea3<\/th>\nT\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
      L\u1ed7 \u0111en<\/td>\nQu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea7u ra<\/td>\n\u0110\u01a1n h\u00e0ng kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eadn nh\u01b0ng ch\u01b0a bao gi\u1edd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u1eed l\u00fd ho\u1eb7c x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      L\u1ed7 x\u00e1m<\/td>\nQu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea7u ra m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n<\/td>\nDanh s\u00e1ch t\u1ed3n kho \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt, nh\u01b0ng nh\u00e3n v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      Lu\u1ed3ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng<\/td>\nSai l\u1ec7ch d\u1eef li\u1ec7u cha\/con<\/td>\nB\u00e1o c\u00e1o h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb t\u1ed5ng kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      Sinh ra t\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t<\/td>\n\u0110\u1ea7u ra kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o<\/td>\nH\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng t\u1ea1o nh\u1eadt k\u00fd l\u1ed7i m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n k\u00edch ho\u1ea1t n\u00e0o.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      Tuy\u1ec7t ch\u1ee7ng<\/td>\n\u0110\u1ea7u v\u00e0o cho kho, kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ecdc<\/td>\nD\u1eef li\u1ec7u l\u1ecbch s\u1eed \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0u nh\u01b0ng ch\u01b0a bao gi\u1edd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c truy xu\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 b\u00e1o c\u00e1o.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      Lu\u1ed3ng v\u00f2ng<\/td>\nLu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u00f2ng l\u1eb7p v\u00f4 h\u1ea1n<\/td>\nH\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng b\u1ecb treo ho\u1eb7c r\u01a1i v\u00e0o v\u00f2ng l\u1eb7p x\u1eed l\u00fd v\u00f4 h\u1ea1n.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

      M\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u00e2n r\u00e3: T\u1eeb b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh \u0111\u1ebfn chi ti\u1ebft \ud83d\udd3b<\/h2>\n

      C\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 DFD l\u00e0 ph\u00e2n c\u1ea5p. Vi\u1ec7c chuy\u1ec3n t\u1eeb tr\u1eebu t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ea5p cao sang chi ti\u1ebft c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p. M\u1ed7i c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ec1u ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 m\u1ed9t m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ph\u00e2n t\u00edch.<\/p>\n

      S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh (C\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 0)<\/h3>\n

      \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 g\u00f3c nh\u00ecn c\u1ea5p cao nh\u1ea5t. N\u00f3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u00f5 ranh gi\u1edbi c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. N\u00f3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t v\u00f2ng tr\u00f2n duy nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i xung quanh n\u00f3. N\u00f3 tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi: ‘H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng l\u00e0 g\u00ec, v\u00e0 ai giao ti\u1ebfp v\u1edbi n\u00f3?’ N\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb c\u00e1c quy tr\u00ecnh n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9.<\/p>\n

      S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 DFD c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 1<\/h3>\n

      S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 n\u00e0y chia qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh duy nh\u1ea5t trong s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c ti\u1ec3u qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ch\u00ednh. Th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng, n\u00f3 ch\u1ee9a t\u1eeb 5 \u0111\u1ebfn 9 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o t\u00ednh d\u1ec5 \u0111\u1ecdc. N\u00f3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1ch d\u1eef li\u1ec7u l\u01b0u th\u00f4ng gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng ch\u00ednh n\u00e0y. C\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 n\u00e0y th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng cho l\u1eadp k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch c\u1ea5p cao v\u00e0 c\u00e1c quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac.<\/p>\n

      S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 DFD c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 2 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 cao h\u01a1n<\/h3>\n

      C\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 n\u00e0y chi ti\u1ebft h\u00f3a c\u00e1c ti\u1ec3u qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 t\u1eeb c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 1. Ch\u00fang hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb c\u00e1c kho d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c lu\u1ed3ng ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 h\u1eefu \u00edch cho nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, nh\u01b0ng ch\u00fang kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean qu\u00e1 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p. N\u1ebfu s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 2 tr\u1edf n\u00ean qu\u00e1 t\u1ea3i, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ea7n ph\u00e2n t\u00edch s\u00e2u h\u01a1n th\u00e0nh c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 3, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u00edt ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi y\u00eau c\u1ea7u kinh doanh.<\/p>\n

      \u0110\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o t\u00ednh nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 \ud83d\udd04<\/h2>\n

      M\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng sai l\u1ea7m ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn nh\u1ea5t khi t\u1ea1o s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 DFD l\u00e0 duy tr\u00ec t\u00ednh nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9. Khi m\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n t\u00edch, d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u00e0o v\u00e0 ra kh\u1ecfi qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh cha ph\u1ea3i kh\u1edbp v\u1edbi d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u00e0o v\u00e0 ra kh\u1ecfi c\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh con. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng.<\/p>\n

      C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch ph\u1ea3i x\u00e1c minh r\u1eb1ng:<\/p>\n

        \n
      • M\u1ecdi lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u trong s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 cha \u0111\u1ec1u ph\u1ea3i xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n trong s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 con.<\/li>\n
      • Kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u th\u00eam lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u n\u00e0o \u1edf c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 con m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 l\u00fd do h\u1ee3p l\u00fd.<\/li>\n
      • C\u00e1c kho d\u1eef li\u1ec7u ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t t\u00ean nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n \u1edf t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9.<\/li>\n
      • C\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i ph\u1ea3i duy tr\u00ec t\u00ednh nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n trong c\u00e1c t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

        N\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 1 c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 ‘\u0110\u01a1n h\u00e0ng kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng’, th\u00ec c\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 2 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch n\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ‘\u0110\u01a1n h\u00e0ng kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng’ ho\u1eb7c m\u1ed9t t\u1eadp con r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. Thay \u0111\u1ed5i t\u00ean m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 l\u00fd do s\u1ebd g\u00e2y nh\u1ea7m l\u1eabn v\u00e0 l\u00e0m m\u1ea5t t\u00ednh kh\u1ea3 thi theo d\u00f5i y\u00eau c\u1ea7u.<\/p>\n

        Chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c v\u00e0 giao ti\u1ebfp \ud83d\udcac<\/h2>\n

        S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 giao ti\u1ebfp. Gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang s\u1ebd b\u1ecb m\u1ea5t n\u1ebfu c\u00e1c b\u00ean li\u00ean quan kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00fang. C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch kinh doanh ph\u1ea3i \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh c\u00e1ch tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 DFD ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi xem.<\/p>\n

          \n
        • \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi Ban l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o:<\/strong> T\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh v\u00e0 C\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 1. Nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh c\u00e1c lu\u1ed3ng c\u1ea5p cao v\u00e0 c\u00e1c kho d\u1eef li\u1ec7u ch\u00ednh. Tr\u00e1nh d\u00f9ng thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt.<\/li>\n
        • \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi Nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n:<\/strong> Cung c\u1ea5p s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 2 v\u00e0 c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 3. \u0110\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o c\u00e1c kho d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t t\u00ean ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c nh\u01b0 trong l\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed3 c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. Hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng.<\/li>\n
        • \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi Ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng cu\u1ed1i:<\/strong> S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn lu\u1ed3ng c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c. Y\u00eau c\u1ea7u h\u1ecd theo d\u00f5i m\u1ed9t giao d\u1ecbch t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ebfn cu\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh t\u01b0 duy c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

          C\u00e1c bu\u1ed5i h\u1ecdp \u0111\u1ecbnh k\u1ef3 r\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec3 xem x\u00e9t c\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 n\u00e0y. \u0110i qua t\u1eebng t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 ‘X\u1eed l\u00fd ho\u00e0n tr\u1ea3’, gi\u00fap ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c kho\u1ea3ng tr\u1ed1ng v\u1ec1 logic. N\u1ebfu s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb m\u1ed9t b\u01b0\u1edbc m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng n\u00f3i h\u1ecd ch\u01b0a bao gi\u1edd th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t kho\u1ea3ng tr\u1ed1ng c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft.<\/p>\n

          Duy tr\u00ec s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 theo th\u1eddi gian \ud83d\udcc5<\/h2>\n

          S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 DFD kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u giao n\u1ed9p m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n. H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng thay \u0111\u1ed5i theo th\u1eddi gian, v\u00e0 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u0169ng thay \u0111\u1ed5i. Duy tr\u00ec c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft cho vi\u1ec7c b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec v\u00e0 n\u00e2ng c\u1ea5p trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai. Khi c\u00f3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i x\u1ea3y ra, s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 DFD c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf m\u1edbi. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u v\u1eabn l\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n th\u00f4ng tin \u0111\u00e1ng tin c\u1eady.<\/p>\n

          C\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c xem x\u00e9t \u0111\u1ecbnh k\u1ef3 n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00ean l\u1ecbch, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 trong m\u1ed7i chu k\u1ef3 ph\u00e1t h\u00e0nh. Th\u00f3i quen n\u00e0y ng\u0103n ng\u1eeba hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1ec7ch l\u1ea1c t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u, khi s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n kh\u1edbp v\u1edbi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf. \u0110\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi, n\u00f3 gi\u00fap c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean m\u1edbi hi\u1ec3u nhanh ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng.<\/p>\n

          T\u00edch h\u1ee3p s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 DFD v\u1edbi c\u00e1c t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u y\u00eau c\u1ea7u kh\u00e1c \ud83d\udcdd<\/h2>\n

          S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 DFD kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch t\u00e1ch bi\u1ec7t. Ch\u00fang ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00edch h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi c\u00e1c t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u ph\u00e2n t\u00edch kh\u00e1c. M\u1ed9t m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 quy tr\u00ecnh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111i k\u00e8m v\u1edbi m\u1ed7i v\u00f2ng tr\u00f2n trong s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3, chi ti\u1ebft h\u00f3a logic \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng. M\u1ed9t t\u1eeb \u0111i\u1ec3n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u n\u00ean \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111ang l\u01b0u th\u00f4ng qua c\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng. C\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1nh x\u1ea1 v\u00e0o c\u00e1c quy tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng.<\/p>\n

          V\u00ed d\u1ee5, n\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 ‘\u0110\u0103ng nh\u1eadp v\u00e0o h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng’, s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 DFD n\u00ean hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb lu\u1ed3ng th\u00f4ng tin x\u00e1c th\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ebfn qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh x\u00e1c th\u1ef1c v\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c tr\u1ea3 v\u1ec1 m\u00e3 phi\u00ean \u0111\u0103ng nh\u1eadp. S\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1ed9 n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng v\u00e0 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac lu\u00f4n nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n.<\/p>\n

          C\u00e1c Th\u1ef1c Ti\u1ec5n T\u1ed1t Nh\u1ea5t cho M\u00f4 H\u00ecnh S\u1ea1ch v\u00e0 Hi\u1ec7u Qu\u1ea3 \u2728<\/h2>\n

          \u0110\u1ec3 t\u1ed1i \u0111a h\u00f3a gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u (DFD), c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch n\u00ean tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 c\u00e1c ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3.<\/p>\n

            \n
          • Gi\u1eef \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n:<\/strong>Tr\u00e1nh l\u00e0m r\u1ed1i s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3. N\u1ebfu s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 qu\u00e1 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p, h\u00e3y chia nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n n\u1eefa. S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nh\u00fang ho\u1eb7c nh\u00f3m khi ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p.<\/li>\n
          • S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng t\u00ean nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n:<\/strong>C\u00e1c nh\u00e3n ph\u1ea3i r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng v\u00e0 nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n. D\u00f9ng danh t\u1eeb cho lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1eeb cho c\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh.<\/li>\n
          • H\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i:<\/strong>M\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 l\u00fd do. \u0110\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o m\u1ecdi lu\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ec1u h\u1ee3p l\u00fd.<\/li>\n
          • Tr\u00e1nh lu\u1ed3ng \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n:<\/strong>Kh\u00f4ng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng DFD \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n logic ra quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh. D\u00f9ng s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng ho\u1eb7c m\u00e3 gi\u1ea3 cho m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch \u0111\u00f3. Gi\u1eef DFD t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o d\u1eef li\u1ec7u.<\/li>\n
          • X\u00e1c minh li\u00ean t\u1ee5c:<\/strong>\u0110\u1eebng ch\u1edd \u0111\u1ebfn cu\u1ed1i m\u1edbi x\u00e1c minh. Ki\u1ec3m tra s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 sau m\u1ed7i b\u01b0\u1edbc quan tr\u1ecdng.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

            B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch tu\u00e2n theo c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n n\u00e0y, c\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd thay v\u00ec nh\u1eefng r\u00e0o c\u1ea3n g\u00e2y nh\u1ea7m l\u1eabn. Ch\u00fang cung c\u1ea5p m\u1ed9t ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef chung cho \u0111\u1ed9i nh\u00f3m th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng.<\/p>\n

            Gi\u00e1 Tr\u1ecb Chi\u1ebfn L\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ee7a Vi\u1ec7c Tr\u1ef1c Quan H\u00f3a Lu\u1ed3ng D\u1eef Li\u1ec7u \ud83d\ude80<\/h2>\n

            L\u1ee3i \u00edch chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng DFD v\u01b0\u1ee3t ra ngo\u00e0i vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n l\u1ed7i. N\u00f3 th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft s\u00e2u s\u1eafc h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c kinh doanh. Khi m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch v\u1ebd s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3, h\u1ecd bu\u1ed9c ph\u1ea3i suy ngh\u0129 k\u1ef9 l\u01b0\u1ee1ng v\u1ec1 h\u1ec7 qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a m\u1ecdi chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. B\u00e0i t\u1eadp t\u01b0 duy n\u00e0y th\u01b0\u1eddng ti\u1ebft l\u1ed9 nh\u1eefng m\u1ed1i ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c t\u1eebng b\u1ecb che gi\u1ea5u.<\/p>\n

            H\u01a1n n\u1eefa, DFD gi\u00fap x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a. N\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u bao g\u1ed3m vi\u1ec7c chuy\u1ec3n tay th\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u1ee9ng c\u1eed vi\u00ean cho t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a. N\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t kho d\u1eef li\u1ec7u y\u00eau c\u1ea7u nh\u1eadp th\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng li\u00ean t\u1ee5c, n\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n g\u00e2y l\u1ed7i. T\u00ednh tr\u1ef1c quan c\u1ee7a s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 l\u00e0m cho nh\u1eefng c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i n\u00e0y tr\u1edf n\u00ean r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng.<\/p>\n

            Cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng, m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau l\u00e0 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u00e1ng tin c\u1eady. M\u1ed9t s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 DFD \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf t\u1ed1t l\u00e0 b\u1ea3n v\u1ebd ph\u00e1c th\u1ea3o cho s\u1ef1 \u0111\u00e1ng tin c\u1eady \u0111\u00f3. N\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thu th\u1eadp, x\u1eed l\u00fd, l\u01b0u tr\u1eef v\u00e0 giao \u0111\u00fang nh\u01b0 mong mu\u1ed1n. B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch th\u00e0nh th\u1ea1o vi\u1ec7c t\u1ea1o ra v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch c\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 n\u00e0y, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch kinh doanh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y nh\u1eefng c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 v\u1ec1 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

            Trong b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p c\u1ee7a ph\u00e2n t\u00edch h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng, s\u1ef1 r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u t\u1ed1i quan tr\u1ecdng. C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch kinh doanh th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed1i m\u1eb7t v\u1edbi th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u m\u01a1 h\u1ed3 th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c t\u1ea3 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3. M\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ea7y kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch n\u00e0y l\u00e0 S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 D\u00f2ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u, hay DFD. \u0110\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n tr\u1ef1c quan n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01a1n thu\u1ea7n m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u; n\u00f3 ph\u01a1i b\u00e0y lu\u1ed3ng th\u00f4ng tin logic b\u00ean trong h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng DFD, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n nh\u1eefng b\u1ea5t nh\u1ea5t, \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o b\u1ecb thi\u1ebfu v\u00e0 c\u00e1c quy tr\u00ecnh tr\u00f9ng l\u1eb7p m\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb b\u1ecf s\u00f3t cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi tri\u1ec3n khai. H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn n\u00e0y kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 c\u00e1ch \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a DFD trong vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n kho\u1ea3ng tr\u1ed1ng quy tr\u00ecnh v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc. Hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i c\u1ee7a S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 D\u00f2ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \ud83d\udd0d \u0110\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 n\u00e0y hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3, ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng ph\u1ea3i hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 c\u00e1c kh\u1ed1i x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n. DFD l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 c\u00f3 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 c\u00e1ch d\u1eef li\u1ec7u di chuy\u1ec3n qua h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. N\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c, v\u00ec n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh hay logic \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n, m\u00e0 thay v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i v\u00e0 l\u01b0u tr\u1eef d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. C\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n sau \u0111\u00e2y t\u1ea1o n\u00ean n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng cho m\u1ecdi s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3: C\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i: \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n ho\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a d\u1eef li\u1ec7u n\u1eb1m ngo\u00e0i ranh gi\u1edbi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. Ch\u00fang \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng, c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng kh\u00e1c ho\u1eb7c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c v\u1edbi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 logic n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. C\u00e1c quy tr\u00ecnh: \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 c\u00e1c h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng ho\u1eb7c bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o th\u00e0nh d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ea7u ra. M\u1ed9t quy tr\u00ecnh nh\u1eadn th\u00f4ng tin, thay \u0111\u1ed5i n\u00f3 v\u00e0 g\u1eedi \u0111i n\u01a1i kh\u00e1c. M\u1ed7i quy tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 \u00edt nh\u1ea5t m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea7u ra. C\u00e1c kho d\u1eef li\u1ec7u: \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng n\u01a1i l\u01b0u tr\u1eef d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng sau n\u00e0y. Ch\u00fang c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u1eadt l\u00fd, c\u00e1c t\u1ec7p tin ho\u1eb7c th\u1eadm ch\u00ed l\u00e0 h\u1ed3 s\u01a1 th\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng. D\u1eef li\u1ec7u ch\u1ea3y v\u00e0o kho \u0111\u1ec3 l\u01b0u tr\u1eef v\u00e0 ch\u1ea3y ra kh\u1ecfi kho \u0111\u1ec3 truy xu\u1ea5t. C\u00e1c lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u: \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 c\u00e1c h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3, quy tr\u00ecnh v\u00e0 kho d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. Ch\u00fang ch\u1ec9 ra h\u01b0\u1edbng di chuy\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi nh\u00e3n b\u1eb1ng th\u00f4ng tin c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chuy\u1ec3n giao. Khi x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3, t\u00ednh nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n l\u00e0 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 then ch\u1ed1t. T\u00ean lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u gi\u1ed1ng nhau ph\u1ea3i xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n gi\u1ed1ng h\u1ec7t nhau tr\u00ean to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o c\u00e1c b\u00ean li\u00ean quan hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c th\u00f4ng tin n\u00e0o \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c di chuy\u1ec3n \u1edf m\u1ed7i giai \u0111o\u1ea1n. Thi\u1ebfu s\u1ef1 r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng n\u00e0y s\u1ebd d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn hi\u1ec3u l\u1ea7m, g\u00e2y ra l\u1ed7i ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n. Quy tr\u00ecnh l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch kinh doanh: T\u1eeb khai th\u00e1c \u0111\u1ebfn x\u00e1c th\u1ef1c \ud83d\udd75\ufe0f\u200d\u2640\ufe0f C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch kinh doanh kh\u00f4ng t\u1ea1o s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch t\u00e1ch bi\u1ec7t. Quy tr\u00ecnh bao g\u1ed3m nhi\u1ec1u giai \u0111o\u1ea1n kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 v\u00e0 x\u00e1c minh. Quy tr\u00ecnh l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c th\u01b0\u1eddng tu\u00e2n theo m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn c\u00f3 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c v\u00e0 t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7. 1. Khai th\u00e1c ban \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0 b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh h\u00f3a Tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi v\u1ebd c\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 h\u00ecnh h\u1ed9p, nh\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch ph\u1ea3i hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 ph\u1ea1m vi. B\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c ph\u1ecfng v\u1ea5n c\u1ea5p cao v\u00e0 xem x\u00e9t t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u. M\u1ee5c ti\u00eau l\u00e0 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh ranh gi\u1edbi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. \u0110i\u1ec1u g\u00ec n\u1eb1m trong h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng, v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec n\u1eb1m ngo\u00e0i? B\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y th\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c t\u1ea1o ra S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh, c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 DFD c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 0. N\u00f3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t quy tr\u00ecnh duy nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0 c\u00e1c t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 v\u1edbi c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i. 2. Ph\u00e2n r\u00e3 v\u00e0 chi ti\u1ebft h\u00f3a Khi b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh, quy tr\u00ecnh duy nh\u1ea5t s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia nh\u1ecf th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c quy tr\u00ecnh con. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 ph\u00e2n r\u00e3. DFD c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 1 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh, th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c quy tr\u00ecnh n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh. M\u1ed7i c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 ti\u1ebfp theo, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 2, \u0111i s\u00e2u h\u01a1n v\u00e0o c\u00e1c thao t\u00e1c c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3. C\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn ph\u00e2n c\u1ea5p n\u00e0y cho ph\u00e9p ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch h\u1ee3p l\u00fd. 3. X\u00e1c th\u1ef1c v\u1edbi c\u00e1c b\u00ean li\u00ean quan C\u00e1c b\u1ea3n nh\u00e1p s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem x\u00e9t c\u00f9ng nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng kinh doanh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n nh\u1eefng l\u1ed7i logic m\u00e0 c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecf s\u00f3t. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 ra r\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t b\u00e1o c\u00e1o c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 ch\u01b0a bao gi\u1edd th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra trong quy tr\u00ecnh hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i, l\u00e0m l\u1ed9 ra kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch gi\u1eefa thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf. Ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n kho\u1ea3ng tr\u1ed1ng quy tr\u00ecnh th\u00f4ng qua ph\u00e2n t\u00edch tr\u1ef1c quan \ud83d\udd0e Gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a DFD n\u1eb1m \u1edf kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ph\u01a1i b\u00e0y c\u00e1c kho\u1ea3ng tr\u1ed1ng. Kho\u1ea3ng tr\u1ed1ng x\u1ea3y ra khi lu\u1ed3ng th\u00f4ng tin logic b\u1ecb gi\u00e1n \u0111o\u1ea1n, ch\u01b0a \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 ho\u1eb7c kh\u00f4ng nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n. C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm nh\u1eefng b\u1ea5t th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 cho th\u1ea5y nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y. H\u1ed1 \u0111en: M\u1ed9t quy tr\u00ecnh c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea7u ra. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y cho th\u1ea5y d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111ang v\u00e0o h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0ng bi\u1ebfn m\u1ea5t m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u1eed l\u00fd hay l\u01b0u tr\u1eef. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec3m l\u1ed7i nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng. H\u1ed1 x\u00e1m: M\u1ed9t quy tr\u00ecnh c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ea7u ra nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea7u ra c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, m\u1ed9t quy tr\u00ecnh nh\u1eadp \u0111\u01a1n<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":4065,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_yoast_wpseo_title":"DFD trong H\u00e0nh \u0110\u1ed9ng: C\u00e1ch C\u00e1c Nh\u00e0 Ph\u00e2n T\u00edch Kinh Doanh Ph\u00e1t Hi\u1ec7n Kho\u1ea3ng Tr\u1ed1ng Quy Tr\u00ecnh","_yoast_wpseo_metadesc":"H\u1ecdc c\u00e1ch c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch kinh doanh t\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 Lu\u1ed3ng D\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n kho\u1ea3ng tr\u1ed1ng, tr\u1ef1c quan h\u00f3a chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a y\u00eau c\u1ea7u h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3.","fifu_image_url":"","fifu_image_alt":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[84],"tags":[77,83],"class_list":["post-4064","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-dfd","tag-academic","tag-dfd"],"yoast_head":"\nDFD trong H\u00e0nh \u0110\u1ed9ng: C\u00e1ch C\u00e1c Nh\u00e0 Ph\u00e2n T\u00edch Kinh Doanh Ph\u00e1t Hi\u1ec7n Kho\u1ea3ng Tr\u1ed1ng Quy Tr\u00ecnh<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"H\u1ecdc c\u00e1ch c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch kinh doanh t\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 Lu\u1ed3ng D\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n kho\u1ea3ng tr\u1ed1ng, tr\u1ef1c quan h\u00f3a chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a y\u00eau c\u1ea7u h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" 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