{"id":4060,"date":"2026-03-29T01:32:41","date_gmt":"2026-03-29T01:32:41","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.diagrams-ai.com\/vn\/5-essential-data-flow-diagram-components\/"},"modified":"2026-03-29T01:32:41","modified_gmt":"2026-03-29T01:32:41","slug":"5-essential-data-flow-diagram-components","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.diagrams-ai.com\/vn\/5-essential-data-flow-diagram-components\/","title":{"rendered":"5 Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n B\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c c\u1ee7a M\u1ecdi S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 D\u00f2ng D\u1eef li\u1ec7u (C\u00f3 V\u00ed d\u1ee5)"},"content":{"rendered":"

S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 D\u00f2ng D\u1eef li\u1ec7u (DFD) l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n tr\u1ef1c quan v\u1ec1 c\u00e1ch th\u00f4ng tin di chuy\u1ec3n qua m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. N\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng, m\u00e0 l\u00e0 v\u1ec1 c\u00e1ch d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u1eed l\u00fd, l\u01b0u tr\u1eef v\u00e0 truy\u1ec1n t\u1ea3i. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch v\u00e0 ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac s\u01b0, vi\u1ec7c th\u00e0nh th\u1ea1o k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u n\u00e0y l\u00e0 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng \u0111\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u c\u00e1c lu\u1ed3ng c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb sa \u0111\u00e0 v\u00e0o chi ti\u1ebft tri\u1ec3n khai k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt.<\/p>\n

H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn n\u00e0y ph\u00e2n t\u00edch c\u1ea5u t\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t DFD. Ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd xem x\u00e9t n\u0103m th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i t\u1ea1o n\u00ean c\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 n\u00e0y, kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 c\u00e1ch ch\u00fang t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c v\u1edbi nhau v\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p c\u00e1c v\u00ed d\u1ee5 th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf. \u0110\u1ebfn cu\u1ed1i b\u00e0i, b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 v\u1ec1 t\u00ednh to\u00e0n v\u1eb9n c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng.<\/p>\n

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\"Line<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n

\ud83e\udde9 S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 D\u00f2ng D\u1eef li\u1ec7u l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/h2>\n

S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 D\u00f2ng D\u1eef li\u1ec7u l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n \u0111\u1ed3 h\u1ecda v\u1ec1 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u qua m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng th\u00f4ng tin. Kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 l\u01b0u \u0111\u1ed3, t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o logic \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n v\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m ra quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh, DFD t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. N\u00f3 tr\u1eebu t\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u00f3a tri\u1ec3n khai v\u1eadt l\u00fd \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n lu\u1ed3ng th\u00f4ng tin logic.<\/p>\n

C\u00e1c DFD l\u00e0 ph\u00e2n c\u1ea5p. Ch\u00fang b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1eeb g\u00f3c nh\u00ecn c\u1ea5p cao v\u00e0 \u0111i s\u00e2u v\u00e0o chi ti\u1ebft c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3. C\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn theo l\u1edbp n\u00e0y cho ph\u00e9p c\u00e1c b\u00ean li\u00ean quan hi\u1ec3u h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ch\u1ec9 trong m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn nhanh, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi gi\u00fap c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3.<\/p>\n

    \n
  • R\u00f5 r\u00e0ng v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t tr\u1ef1c quan:<\/strong>Gi\u1ea3m logic ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n.<\/li>\n
  • Giao ti\u1ebfp:<\/strong>L\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ea7y kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9i k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt v\u00e0 c\u00e1c b\u00ean li\u00ean quan kinh doanh.<\/li>\n
  • Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch:<\/strong>Gi\u00fap x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m ngh\u1ebdn, s\u1ef1 tr\u00f9ng l\u1eb7p ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1eabn d\u1eef li\u1ec7u b\u1ecb thi\u1ebfu.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

    \ud83c\udfd7\ufe0f 5 Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n B\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c c\u1ee7a M\u1ecdi S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 D\u00f2ng D\u1eef li\u1ec7u<\/h2>\n

    \u0110\u1ec3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng m\u1ed9t DFD h\u1ee3p l\u1ec7, b\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i t\u00edch h\u1ee3p n\u0103m th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3. Trong \u0111\u00f3 b\u1ed1n th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean l\u00e0 c\u00e1c k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ed3 h\u1ecda, c\u00f2n th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 n\u0103m l\u00e0 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m thi\u1ebft y\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c.<\/p>\n

    1. C\u00e1c Quy tr\u00ecnh (Nh\u1eefng S\u1ef1 Bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i) \ud83d\udd04<\/h3>\n

    M\u1ed9t quy tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho m\u1ed9t ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o th\u00e0nh d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ea7u ra. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. Trong m\u1ed9t DFD, m\u1ed9t quy tr\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n b\u1eb1ng h\u00ecnh ch\u1eef nh\u1eadt tr\u00f2n ho\u1eb7c h\u00ecnh tr\u00f2n, t\u00f9y theo phong c\u00e1ch k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u (Yourdon\/DeMarco so v\u1edbi Gane\/Sarson).<\/p>\n

    \u0110\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m ch\u00ednh:<\/strong><\/p>\n

      \n
    • Bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i:<\/strong>M\u1ed9t quy tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ea3i thay \u0111\u1ed5i d\u1ea1ng th\u1ee9c ho\u1eb7c n\u1ed9i dung c\u1ee7a d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. N\u1ebfu d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u00e0o v\u00e0 ra kh\u00f4ng thay \u0111\u1ed5i, th\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t quy tr\u00ecnh, m\u00e0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t lu\u1ed3ng.<\/li>\n
    • \u0110\u00e1nh s\u1ed1:<\/strong>C\u00e1c quy tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1nh s\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ec3 thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp th\u1ee9 b\u1eadc (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: 1.0, 1.1, 1.2).<\/li>\n
    • T\u00ean b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1eeb:<\/strong>T\u00ean n\u00ean b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1eeb (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: \u201cT\u00ednh T\u1ed5ng\u201d, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i \u201cT\u00ednh T\u1ed5ng\u201d).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

      V\u00ed d\u1ee5:<\/strong>X\u00e9t m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed. M\u1ed9t quy tr\u00ecnh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0\u201cX\u00e1c th\u1ef1c Thanh to\u00e1n\u201d<\/em>. N\u00f3 nh\u1eadn d\u1eef li\u1ec7u th\u1ebb t\u00edn d\u1ee5ng (\u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o) v\u00e0 tr\u1ea3 v\u1ec1 m\u00e3 ch\u1ea5p thu\u1eadn ho\u1eb7c t\u1eeb ch\u1ed1i (\u0111\u1ea7u ra).<\/p>\n

      2. Kho D\u1eef li\u1ec7u (C\u00e1c Kho L\u01b0u tr\u1eef) \ud83d\uddc4\ufe0f<\/h3>\n

      M\u1ed9t kho d\u1eef li\u1ec7u l\u00e0 n\u01a1i th\u00f4ng tin \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0u tr\u1eef \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng sau n\u00e0y. N\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho m\u1ed9t c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u, m\u1ed9t t\u1eadp tin, m\u1ed9t t\u1ee7 h\u1ed3 s\u01a1 gi\u1ea5y ho\u1eb7c b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf l\u01b0u tr\u1eef n\u00e0o. Quan tr\u1ecdng l\u00e0, m\u1ed9t kho d\u1eef li\u1ec7u kh\u00f4ng x\u1eed l\u00fd d\u1eef li\u1ec7u; n\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01a1n thu\u1ea7n l\u01b0u tr\u1eef n\u00f3.<\/p>\n

      \u0110\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m ch\u00ednh:<\/strong><\/p>\n

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      • M\u1edf vs. \u0110\u00f3ng:<\/strong>D\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ea3y v\u00e0o v\u00e0 ra kh\u1ecfi m\u1ed9t kho l\u01b0u tr\u1eef. N\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u1ed1 \u0111en.<\/li>\n
      • \u0110\u1eb7t t\u00ean:<\/strong>T\u00ean n\u00ean l\u00e0 danh t\u1eeb s\u1ed1 nhi\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9 n\u1ed9i dung (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: \u201cD\u1eef li\u1ec7u kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng\u201d, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i \u201cD\u1eef li\u1ec7u kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng\u201d).<\/li>\n
      • Kh\u00f4ng x\u1eed l\u00fd:<\/strong>Kh\u00f4ng nh\u1ea7m l\u1eabn kho d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh. N\u1ebfu d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thay \u0111\u1ed5i, th\u00ec n\u00f3 thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

        V\u00ed d\u1ee5:<\/strong>Trong m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng th\u01b0 vi\u1ec7n, kho \u201cDanh s\u00e1ch s\u00e1ch\u201d<\/em>d\u1eef li\u1ec7u l\u01b0u tr\u1eef ch\u1ee9a th\u00f4ng tin v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch \u0111ang c\u00f3 s\u1eb5n. N\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt khi m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u01b0\u1ee3n ho\u1eb7c tr\u1ea3 l\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n

        3. C\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i (Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c) \ud83d\udc65<\/h3>\n

        C\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i l\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n ho\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a d\u1eef li\u1ec7u n\u1eb1m ngo\u00e0i bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a. Ch\u00fang \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng kh\u00e1c t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c v\u1edbi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ch\u00ednh nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 logic n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a n\u00f3.<\/p>\n

        \u0110\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m ch\u00ednh:<\/strong><\/p>\n

          \n
        • Bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi:<\/strong>Ch\u00fang x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh ph\u1ea1m vi c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. B\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 th\u1ee9 g\u00ec n\u1eb1m ngo\u00e0i khung h\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i.<\/li>\n
        • Lo\u1ea1i:<\/strong>C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: \u201cKh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng\u201d), c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng kh\u00e1c (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: \u201cAPI Ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng\u201d) ho\u1eb7c c\u01a1 quan ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: \u201cC\u01a1 quan thu\u1ebf\u201d).<\/li>\n
        • Vai tr\u00f2:<\/strong>Ch\u00fang cung c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o ho\u1eb7c nh\u1eadn \u0111\u1ea7u ra. Ch\u00fang kh\u00f4ng l\u01b0u tr\u1eef d\u1eef li\u1ec7u cho h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

          V\u00ed d\u1ee5:<\/strong>Trong m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng l\u01b0\u01a1ng, \u201cNh\u00e2n vi\u00ean\u201d<\/em>l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i cung c\u1ea5p s\u1ed1 gi\u1edd l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c v\u00e0 nh\u1eadn l\u01b0\u01a1ng.<\/p>\n

          4. Lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u (S\u1ef1 di chuy\u1ec3n) \ud83d\ude9a<\/h3>\n

          C\u00e1c lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng m\u0169i t\u00ean k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh, kho d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i. Ch\u00fang \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho s\u1ef1 di chuy\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. M\u1ed9t lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 t\u00ean m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 n\u1ed9i dung d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chuy\u1ec3n.<\/p>\n

          \u0110\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m ch\u00ednh:<\/strong><\/p>\n

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          • H\u01b0\u1edbng:<\/strong>C\u00e1c lu\u1ed3ng ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t h\u01b0\u1edbng duy nh\u1ea5t. C\u1ea7n hai m\u0169i t\u00ean n\u1ebfu d\u1eef li\u1ec7u di chuy\u1ec3n theo c\u1ea3 hai chi\u1ec1u.<\/li>\n
          • N\u1ed9i dung:<\/strong>Nh\u00e3n ph\u1ea3i c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: \u201cH\u00f3a \u0111\u01a1n \u0111\u00e3 x\u00e1c th\u1ef1c\u201d thay v\u00ec ch\u1ec9 \u201cH\u00f3a \u0111\u01a1n\u201d).<\/li>\n
          • B\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n:<\/strong>D\u1eef li\u1ec7u kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 bi\u1ebfn m\u1ea5t. M\u1ed7i \u0111\u1ea7u ra \u0111\u1ec1u ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o ho\u1eb7c ngu\u1ed3n t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

            V\u00ed d\u1ee5:<\/strong> M\u1ed9t m\u0169i t\u00ean k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i \u201c\u0110\u0103ng nh\u1eadp\u201d<\/em> quy tr\u00ecnh v\u1edbi \u201cC\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u Ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng\u201d<\/em> kho d\u1eef li\u1ec7u s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1nh nh\u00e3n l\u00e0\u201cY\u00eau c\u1ea7u X\u00e1c th\u1ef1c\u201d<\/em>.<\/p>\n

            5. T\u1eeb \u0111i\u1ec3n D\u1eef li\u1ec7u (C\u00e1c \u0110\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a) \ud83d\udcda<\/h3>\n

            M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1ebd tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp tr\u00ean s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3, T\u1eeb \u0111i\u1ec3n D\u1eef li\u1ec7u l\u00e0 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft y\u1ebfu th\u1ee9 n\u0103m trong m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3n m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 DFD ho\u00e0n ch\u1ec9nh. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t kho l\u01b0u tr\u1eef t\u1eadp trung \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac, ki\u1ec3u v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecbnh d\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a m\u1ecdi ph\u1ea7n t\u1eed d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 n\u00f3, s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 s\u1ebd tr\u1edf n\u00ean m\u01a1 h\u1ed3.<\/p>\n

            \u0110\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m ch\u00ednh:<\/strong><\/p>\n

              \n
            • Ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a:<\/strong>\u0110\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o \u201cM\u00e3 kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng\u201d trong m\u1ed9t quy tr\u00ecnh l\u00e0 gi\u1ed1ng nhau v\u1edbi \u201cM\u00e3 kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng\u201d trong quy tr\u00ecnh kh\u00e1c.<\/li>\n
            • D\u1eef li\u1ec7u m\u00f4 t\u1ea3:<\/strong> \u0110\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a ki\u1ec3u d\u1eef li\u1ec7u (s\u1ed1 nguy\u00ean, chu\u1ed7i, ng\u00e0y th\u00e1ng), \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0i v\u00e0 c\u00e1c gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e9p.<\/li>\n
            • Tham chi\u1ebfu:<\/strong> Li\u00ean k\u1ebft c\u00e1c lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a chi ti\u1ebft c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

              V\u00ed d\u1ee5:<\/strong> T\u1eeb \u0111i\u1ec3n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a \u201cNg\u00e0y sinh\u201d<\/em> l\u00e0 YYYY-MM-DD<\/code> m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb null. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y ng\u0103n ng\u1eeba l\u1ed7i logic trong c\u00e1c quy tr\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n

              \ud83d\udccb B\u1ea3ng so s\u00e1nh Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n<\/h2>\n

              S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng b\u1ea3ng n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec3 tham kh\u1ea3o nhanh c\u00e1c thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a t\u1eebng th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
              Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n<\/th>\nH\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng K\u00fd hi\u1ec7u<\/th>\nCh\u1ee9c n\u0103ng<\/th>\nNh\u00e3n v\u00ed d\u1ee5<\/th>\nQuy t\u1eafc ng\u1eef ph\u00e1p<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
              Quy tr\u00ecnh<\/td>\nH\u00ecnh ch\u1eef nh\u1eadt tr\u00f2n \/ H\u00ecnh tr\u00f2n<\/td>\nChuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i d\u1eef li\u1ec7u<\/td>\nT\u00ednh thu\u1ebf<\/td>\n\u0110\u1ed9ng t\u1eeb + Danh t\u1eeb<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
              Kho d\u1eef li\u1ec7u<\/td>\nH\u00ecnh ch\u1eef nh\u1eadt m\u1edf \/ C\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng song song<\/td>\nL\u01b0u tr\u1eef d\u1eef li\u1ec7u<\/td>\nL\u1ecbch s\u1eed \u0111\u01a1n h\u00e0ng<\/td>\nDanh t\u1eeb (s\u1ed1 nhi\u1ec1u)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
              Th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i<\/td>\nH\u00ecnh vu\u00f4ng \/ H\u00ecnh ch\u1eef nh\u1eadt<\/td>\nNgu\u1ed3n\/\u0110i\u1ec3m thu<\/td>\nH\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng<\/td>\nDanh t\u1eeb (s\u1ed1 \u00edt)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
              D\u00f2ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u<\/td>\nM\u0169i t\u00ean<\/td>\nDi chuy\u1ec3n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u<\/td>\nChi ti\u1ebft thanh to\u00e1n<\/td>\nC\u1ee5m danh t\u1eeb<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
              T\u1eeb \u0111i\u1ec3n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u<\/td>\nT\u00e0i li\u1ec7u \/ Danh s\u00e1ch<\/td>\n\u0110\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a d\u1eef li\u1ec7u<\/td>\n\u0110\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a d\u1eef li\u1ec7u<\/td>\nS\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

              \ud83d\udcc9 C\u00e1c m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 chi ti\u1ebft c\u1ee7a s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u<\/h2>\n

              S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u hi\u1ebfm khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1ebd ri\u00eang l\u1ebb. Ch\u00fang t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i trong m\u1ed9t th\u1ee9 b\u1eadc cho ph\u00e9p c\u00e1c m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 tr\u1eebu t\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00e1c nhau. Vi\u1ec7c hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 c\u00e1c m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng 5 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u00fang c\u00e1ch \u1edf m\u1ed7i giai \u0111o\u1ea1n.<\/p>\n

              S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh (M\u1ee9c 0)<\/h3>\n

              \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 b\u1ea3n xem \u1edf c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 cao nh\u1ea5t. N\u00f3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh duy nh\u1ea5t. N\u00f3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i v\u00e0 c\u00e1c lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u ch\u00ednh \u0111i v\u00e0o ho\u1eb7c r\u1eddi kh\u1ecfi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng.<\/p>\n

                \n
              • Tr\u1ecdng t\u00e2m:<\/strong>Ph\u1ea1m vi v\u00e0 ranh gi\u1edbi.<\/li>\n
              • Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n:<\/strong> 1 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh, 3+ th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i, nhi\u1ec1u lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u.<\/li>\n
              • Chi ti\u1ebft:<\/strong>Kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb c\u00e1c kho d\u1eef li\u1ec7u hay c\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh con.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 0 (M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n)<\/h3>\n

                S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 n\u00e0y t\u00e1ch qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh duy nh\u1ea5t t\u1eeb S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh con ch\u00ednh. N\u00f3 gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u l\u1edbp \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u00e1c kho d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9.<\/p>\n

                  \n
                • Tr\u1ecdng t\u00e2m:<\/strong>C\u00e1c khu v\u1ef1c ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng ch\u00ednh.<\/li>\n
                • Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n:<\/strong>T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 5 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y.<\/li>\n
                • Chi ti\u1ebft:<\/strong>Hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb c\u00e1ch c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c v\u1edbi nhau.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                  S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 1 (B\u1ea3n xem chi ti\u1ebft)<\/h3>\n

                  C\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 n\u00e0y chia nh\u1ecf c\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 0 th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng c\u1ea5u th\u00e0nh. N\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng cho thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf chi ti\u1ebft v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n.<\/p>\n

                    \n
                  • Tr\u1ecdng t\u00e2m:<\/strong>Logic c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 v\u00e0 x\u1eed l\u00fd d\u1eef li\u1ec7u.<\/li>\n
                  • Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n:<\/strong>C\u00e1c lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u chi ti\u1ebft v\u00e0 c\u00e1c kho d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3.<\/li>\n
                  • Chi ti\u1ebft:<\/strong>\u0110\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c cao. \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng b\u1edfi c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                    \ud83d\udee0\ufe0f Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3<\/h2>\n

                    Vi\u1ec7c t\u1ea1o s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i. \u0110\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 v\u1eabn h\u1eefu \u00edch v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c, h\u00e3y tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 c\u00e1c quy t\u1eafc c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac sau.<\/p>\n

                    1. C\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng<\/h3>\n

                    Khi b\u1ea1n ph\u00e2n t\u00edch m\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n, c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u ra ph\u1ea3i duy tr\u00ec s\u1ef1 nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n. N\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh cha nh\u1eadn d\u1eef li\u1ec7u ‘\u0110\u01a1n h\u00e0ng’, c\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh con ph\u1ea3i c\u00f9ng nhau x\u1eed l\u00fd d\u1eef li\u1ec7u ‘\u0110\u01a1n h\u00e0ng’ \u0111\u00f3. B\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o d\u1eef li\u1ec7u t\u1eeb kh\u00f4ng ho\u1eb7c ph\u00e1 h\u1ee7y n\u00f3.<\/p>\n

                    2. Quy \u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1eb7t t\u00ean<\/h3>\n

                    T\u00ednh nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n l\u00e0 ch\u00eca kh\u00f3a. S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng quy \u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1eb7t t\u00ean chu\u1ea9n cho t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n. Tr\u00e1nh d\u00f9ng c\u00e1c ch\u1eef vi\u1ebft t\u1eaft tr\u1eeb khi ch\u00fang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec3u ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn trong t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n. \u0110\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u00e1n nh\u00e3n l\u00e0 ‘H\u00f3a \u0111\u01a1n’ trong s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u00e1n nh\u00e3n l\u00e0 ‘Bill’ trong s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n

                    3. Tr\u00e1nh c\u00e1c lu\u1ed3ng \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n<\/h3>\n

                    M\u1ed9t sai l\u1ea7m ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn l\u00e0 tr\u1ed9n logic \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n (if\/else) v\u00e0o s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u (DFD). C\u00e1c DFD th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n s\u1ef1 di chuy\u1ec3n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i logic ra quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh. S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng b\u1ea3ng quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh ho\u1eb7c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n logic \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n. Trong m\u1ed9t DFD, \u0111i\u1ec3m quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n b\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ea7u ra c\u00e1c lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u kh\u00e1c nhau d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o.<\/p>\n

                    4. K\u1ebft n\u1ed1i C\u1eeda h\u00e0ng D\u1eef li\u1ec7u<\/h3>\n

                    C\u00e1c c\u1eeda h\u00e0ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u ra, tr\u1eeb khi ch\u00fang l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 t\u1ea1o ra m\u1edbi ho\u1eb7c m\u1ed9t kho l\u01b0u tr\u1eef. M\u1ed9t c\u1eeda h\u00e0ng ch\u1ec9 nh\u1eadn d\u1eef li\u1ec7u l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u1ed1 \u0111en. M\u1ed9t c\u1eeda h\u00e0ng ch\u1ec9 cung c\u1ea5p d\u1eef li\u1ec7u l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u00e9p m\u00e0u (t\u1ea1o ra t\u1eeb kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 g\u00ec). C\u1ea3 hai \u0111\u1ec1u vi ph\u1ea1m logic h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng.<\/p>\n

                    \ud83d\udea7 Nh\u1eefng sai l\u1ea7m ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn c\u1ea7n tr\u00e1nh<\/h2>\n

                    Ngay c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a c\u00f3 kinh nghi\u1ec7m c\u0169ng m\u1eafc sai l\u1ea7m. Xem x\u00e9t l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng sai l\u1ea7m ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m th\u1eddi gian trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n ph\u00e2n t\u00edch.<\/p>\n

                      \n
                    • Lu\u1ed3ng ma:<\/strong>V\u1ebd c\u00e1c m\u0169i t\u00ean kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a trong t\u1eeb \u0111i\u1ec3n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u.<\/li>\n
                    • T\u1eeb th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 n\u00e0y sang th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 kh\u00e1c:<\/strong>C\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp v\u1edbi nhau. M\u1ecdi t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c ph\u1ea3i \u0111i qua c\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng.<\/li>\n
                    • V\u00f2ng l\u1eb7p qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh sang qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh:<\/strong>Tr\u00e1nh c\u00e1c v\u00f2ng l\u1eb7p v\u00f4 h\u1ea1n khi Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh A cung c\u1ea5p d\u1eef li\u1ec7u cho Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh B, r\u1ed3i Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh B l\u1ea1i cung c\u1ea5p d\u1eef li\u1ec7u cho Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh A, m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u1eeda h\u00e0ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u hay th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i can thi\u1ec7p.<\/li>\n
                    • Qu\u00e1 t\u1ea3i:<\/strong>N\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n 7-9 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh, th\u00ec c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng qu\u00e1 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p. H\u00e3y s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 c\u1ea5p th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ec3 chia nh\u1ecf ph\u1ea1m vi hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb.<\/li>\n
                    • B\u1ecf qua T\u1eeb \u0111i\u1ec3n:<\/strong>T\u1ea1o s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt T\u1eeb \u0111i\u1ec3n D\u1eef li\u1ec7u s\u1ebd d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn l\u1ed7i tri\u1ec3n khai sau n\u00e0y.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                      \ud83c\udf10 V\u00ed d\u1ee5 th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf: H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1eb7t h\u00e0ng tr\u1ef1c tuy\u1ebfn<\/h2>\n

                      H\u00e3y \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng 5 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n n\u00e0y v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf. H\u00e3y t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1eb7t h\u00e0ng tr\u1ef1c tuy\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n h\u00f3a.<\/p>\n

                      C\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i<\/h3>\n
                        \n
                      • \ud83d\udc64 Kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng<\/li>\n
                      • \ud83c\udfe6 C\u1ed5ng thanh to\u00e1n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                        C\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh<\/h3>\n
                          \n
                        • 1.0 Nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01a1n h\u00e0ng<\/li>\n
                        • 2.0 X\u1eed l\u00fd thanh to\u00e1n<\/li>\n
                        • 3.0 C\u1eadp nh\u1eadt kho h\u00e0ng<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                          C\u1eeda h\u00e0ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u<\/h3>\n
                            \n
                          • \ud83d\uddc4\ufe0f C\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01a1n h\u00e0ng<\/li>\n
                          • \ud83d\udce6 H\u1ed3 s\u01a1 t\u1ed3n kho<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                            Lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u<\/h3>\n
                              \n
                            • \ud83d\ude9a Chi ti\u1ebft \u0111\u01a1n h\u00e0ng (Kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng \u2192 Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh 1.0)<\/li>\n
                            • \ud83d\ude9a X\u00e1c nh\u1eadn thanh to\u00e1n (Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh 2.0 \u2192 C\u1ed5ng thanh to\u00e1n)<\/li>\n
                            • \ud83d\ude9a Ki\u1ec3m tra t\u1ed3n kho (Quy tr\u00ecnh 3.0 \u2192 H\u1ed3 s\u01a1 t\u1ed3n kho)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                              M\u1ee5c nh\u1eadp T\u1eeb \u0111i\u1ec3n D\u1eef li\u1ec7u<\/h3>\n
                                \n
                              • Chi ti\u1ebft \u0110\u01a1n h\u00e0ng:<\/strong> {M\u00e3\u0110\u01a1nH\u00e0ng, Ng\u00e0y, T\u00eanKh\u00e1chH\u00e0ng, DanhS\u00e1chS\u1ea3nPh\u1ea9m, T\u1ed5ngTi\u1ec1n}<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                                \ud83d\udd17 T\u00edch h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi c\u00e1c M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh kh\u00e1c<\/h2>\n

                                S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u kh\u00f4ng t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i trong kho\u1ea3ng tr\u1ed1ng. Ch\u00fang th\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ed5 sung cho c\u00e1c k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n

                                  \n
                                • S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 quan h\u1ec7 th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 (ERD):<\/strong> ERD x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c Kho l\u01b0u tr\u1eef D\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb trong s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u.<\/li>\n
                                • S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 chuy\u1ec3n tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i:<\/strong> Trong khi s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n s\u1ef1 di chuy\u1ec3n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u, s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1ch m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng thay \u0111\u1ed5i tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i theo th\u1eddi gian.<\/li>\n
                                • S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 Tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng:<\/strong> C\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng, trong khi s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1eb1ng sau nh\u1eefng t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c \u0111\u00f3.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                                  \ud83c\udfaf T\u00f3m t\u1eaft c\u00e1c Th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh T\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t<\/h2>\n

                                  \u0110\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n mang l\u1ea1i gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb, h\u00e3y ghi nh\u1edb c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc sau.<\/p>\n

                                    \n
                                  1. B\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n:<\/strong> B\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u b\u1eb1ng S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh ranh gi\u1edbi.<\/li>\n
                                  2. X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh D\u1eef li\u1ec7u tr\u01b0\u1edbc:<\/strong> C\u1eadp nh\u1eadt T\u1eeb \u0111i\u1ec3n D\u1eef li\u1ec7u tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi v\u1ebd c\u00e1c lu\u1ed3ng.<\/li>\n
                                  3. Ki\u1ec3m tra t\u00ednh nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n:<\/strong> \u0110\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 cha v\u00e0 s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 con kh\u1edbp nhau v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o\/\u0111\u1ea7u ra d\u1eef li\u1ec7u.<\/li>\n
                                  4. Gi\u1eef cho s\u1ea1ch s\u1ebd:<\/strong> Tr\u00e1nh c\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u00e9o nhau v\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n.<\/li>\n
                                  5. Xem x\u00e9t c\u00f9ng c\u00e1c b\u00ean li\u00ean quan:<\/strong> X\u00e1c minh r\u1eb1ng lu\u1ed3ng logic ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi k\u1ef3 v\u1ecdng kinh doanh.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                                    B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng nghi\u00eam ng\u1eb7t n\u0103m th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n n\u00e0y v\u00e0 tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 c\u00e1c quy t\u1eafc c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac, b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3n thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc cho ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. S\u1ef1 r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng n\u00e0y gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u s\u1ef1 m\u01a1 h\u1ed3, t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u h\u00f3a c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m l\u1ea1i, v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng tri\u1ec3n khai cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac d\u1eef li\u1ec7u mong mu\u1ed1n.<\/p>\n

                                    H\u00e3y nh\u1edb, s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u s\u1ed1ng. Khi y\u00eau c\u1ea7u thay \u0111\u1ed5i, s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ph\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf m\u1edbi c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. Vi\u1ec7c b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec \u0111\u1ecbnh k\u1ef3 s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 v\u00e0 T\u1eeb \u0111i\u1ec3n D\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111i k\u00e8m l\u00e0 d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ph\u00e2n t\u00edch tr\u01b0\u1edfng th\u00e0nh.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

                                    S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 D\u00f2ng D\u1eef li\u1ec7u (DFD) l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n tr\u1ef1c quan v\u1ec1 c\u00e1ch th\u00f4ng tin di chuy\u1ec3n qua m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. N\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng, m\u00e0 l\u00e0 v\u1ec1 c\u00e1ch d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u1eed l\u00fd, l\u01b0u tr\u1eef v\u00e0 truy\u1ec1n t\u1ea3i. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch v\u00e0 ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac s\u01b0, vi\u1ec7c th\u00e0nh th\u1ea1o k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u n\u00e0y l\u00e0 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng \u0111\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u c\u00e1c lu\u1ed3ng c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb sa \u0111\u00e0 v\u00e0o chi ti\u1ebft tri\u1ec3n khai k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt. H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn n\u00e0y ph\u00e2n t\u00edch c\u1ea5u t\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t DFD. Ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd xem x\u00e9t n\u0103m th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i t\u1ea1o n\u00ean c\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 n\u00e0y, kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 c\u00e1ch ch\u00fang t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c v\u1edbi nhau v\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p c\u00e1c v\u00ed d\u1ee5 th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf. \u0110\u1ebfn cu\u1ed1i b\u00e0i, b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 v\u1ec1 t\u00ednh to\u00e0n v\u1eb9n c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng. \ud83e\udde9 S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 D\u00f2ng D\u1eef li\u1ec7u l\u00e0 g\u00ec? S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 D\u00f2ng D\u1eef li\u1ec7u l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n \u0111\u1ed3 h\u1ecda v\u1ec1 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u qua m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng th\u00f4ng tin. Kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 l\u01b0u \u0111\u1ed3, t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o logic \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n v\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m ra quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh, DFD t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. N\u00f3 tr\u1eebu t\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u00f3a tri\u1ec3n khai v\u1eadt l\u00fd \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n lu\u1ed3ng th\u00f4ng tin logic. C\u00e1c DFD l\u00e0 ph\u00e2n c\u1ea5p. Ch\u00fang b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1eeb g\u00f3c nh\u00ecn c\u1ea5p cao v\u00e0 \u0111i s\u00e2u v\u00e0o chi ti\u1ebft c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3. C\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn theo l\u1edbp n\u00e0y cho ph\u00e9p c\u00e1c b\u00ean li\u00ean quan hi\u1ec3u h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ch\u1ec9 trong m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn nhanh, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi gi\u00fap c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3. R\u00f5 r\u00e0ng v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t tr\u1ef1c quan:Gi\u1ea3m logic ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n. Giao ti\u1ebfp:L\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ea7y kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9i k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt v\u00e0 c\u00e1c b\u00ean li\u00ean quan kinh doanh. Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch:Gi\u00fap x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m ngh\u1ebdn, s\u1ef1 tr\u00f9ng l\u1eb7p ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1eabn d\u1eef li\u1ec7u b\u1ecb thi\u1ebfu. \ud83c\udfd7\ufe0f 5 Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n B\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c c\u1ee7a M\u1ecdi S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 D\u00f2ng D\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0110\u1ec3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng m\u1ed9t DFD h\u1ee3p l\u1ec7, b\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i t\u00edch h\u1ee3p n\u0103m th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3. Trong \u0111\u00f3 b\u1ed1n th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean l\u00e0 c\u00e1c k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ed3 h\u1ecda, c\u00f2n th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 n\u0103m l\u00e0 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m thi\u1ebft y\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c. 1. C\u00e1c Quy tr\u00ecnh (Nh\u1eefng S\u1ef1 Bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i) \ud83d\udd04 M\u1ed9t quy tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho m\u1ed9t ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o th\u00e0nh d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ea7u ra. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. Trong m\u1ed9t DFD, m\u1ed9t quy tr\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n b\u1eb1ng h\u00ecnh ch\u1eef nh\u1eadt tr\u00f2n ho\u1eb7c h\u00ecnh tr\u00f2n, t\u00f9y theo phong c\u00e1ch k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u (Yourdon\/DeMarco so v\u1edbi Gane\/Sarson). \u0110\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m ch\u00ednh: Bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i:M\u1ed9t quy tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ea3i thay \u0111\u1ed5i d\u1ea1ng th\u1ee9c ho\u1eb7c n\u1ed9i dung c\u1ee7a d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. N\u1ebfu d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u00e0o v\u00e0 ra kh\u00f4ng thay \u0111\u1ed5i, th\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t quy tr\u00ecnh, m\u00e0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t lu\u1ed3ng. \u0110\u00e1nh s\u1ed1:C\u00e1c quy tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1nh s\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ec3 thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp th\u1ee9 b\u1eadc (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: 1.0, 1.1, 1.2). T\u00ean b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1eeb:T\u00ean n\u00ean b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1eeb (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: \u201cT\u00ednh T\u1ed5ng\u201d, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i \u201cT\u00ednh T\u1ed5ng\u201d). V\u00ed d\u1ee5:X\u00e9t m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed. M\u1ed9t quy tr\u00ecnh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0\u201cX\u00e1c th\u1ef1c Thanh to\u00e1n\u201d. N\u00f3 nh\u1eadn d\u1eef li\u1ec7u th\u1ebb t\u00edn d\u1ee5ng (\u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o) v\u00e0 tr\u1ea3 v\u1ec1 m\u00e3 ch\u1ea5p thu\u1eadn ho\u1eb7c t\u1eeb ch\u1ed1i (\u0111\u1ea7u ra). 2. Kho D\u1eef li\u1ec7u (C\u00e1c Kho L\u01b0u tr\u1eef) \ud83d\uddc4\ufe0f M\u1ed9t kho d\u1eef li\u1ec7u l\u00e0 n\u01a1i th\u00f4ng tin \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0u tr\u1eef \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng sau n\u00e0y. N\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho m\u1ed9t c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u, m\u1ed9t t\u1eadp tin, m\u1ed9t t\u1ee7 h\u1ed3 s\u01a1 gi\u1ea5y ho\u1eb7c b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf l\u01b0u tr\u1eef n\u00e0o. Quan tr\u1ecdng l\u00e0, m\u1ed9t kho d\u1eef li\u1ec7u kh\u00f4ng x\u1eed l\u00fd d\u1eef li\u1ec7u; n\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01a1n thu\u1ea7n l\u01b0u tr\u1eef n\u00f3. \u0110\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m ch\u00ednh: M\u1edf vs. \u0110\u00f3ng:D\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ea3y v\u00e0o v\u00e0 ra kh\u1ecfi m\u1ed9t kho l\u01b0u tr\u1eef. N\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u1ed1 \u0111en. \u0110\u1eb7t t\u00ean:T\u00ean n\u00ean l\u00e0 danh t\u1eeb s\u1ed1 nhi\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9 n\u1ed9i dung (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: \u201cD\u1eef li\u1ec7u kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng\u201d, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i \u201cD\u1eef li\u1ec7u kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng\u201d). Kh\u00f4ng x\u1eed l\u00fd:Kh\u00f4ng nh\u1ea7m l\u1eabn kho d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh. N\u1ebfu d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thay \u0111\u1ed5i, th\u00ec n\u00f3 thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh. V\u00ed d\u1ee5:Trong m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng th\u01b0 vi\u1ec7n, kho \u201cDanh s\u00e1ch s\u00e1ch\u201dd\u1eef li\u1ec7u l\u01b0u tr\u1eef ch\u1ee9a th\u00f4ng tin v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch \u0111ang c\u00f3 s\u1eb5n. N\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt khi m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u01b0\u1ee3n ho\u1eb7c tr\u1ea3 l\u1ea1i. 3. C\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i (Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c) \ud83d\udc65 C\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i l\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n ho\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a d\u1eef li\u1ec7u n\u1eb1m ngo\u00e0i bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a. Ch\u00fang \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng kh\u00e1c t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c v\u1edbi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ch\u00ednh nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 logic n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. \u0110\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m ch\u00ednh: Bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi:Ch\u00fang x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh ph\u1ea1m vi c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. B\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 th\u1ee9 g\u00ec n\u1eb1m ngo\u00e0i khung h\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i. Lo\u1ea1i:C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: \u201cKh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng\u201d), c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng kh\u00e1c (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: \u201cAPI Ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng\u201d) ho\u1eb7c c\u01a1 quan ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: \u201cC\u01a1 quan thu\u1ebf\u201d). Vai tr\u00f2:Ch\u00fang cung c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o ho\u1eb7c nh\u1eadn \u0111\u1ea7u ra. Ch\u00fang kh\u00f4ng l\u01b0u tr\u1eef d\u1eef li\u1ec7u cho h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. V\u00ed d\u1ee5:Trong m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng l\u01b0\u01a1ng, \u201cNh\u00e2n vi\u00ean\u201dl\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i cung c\u1ea5p s\u1ed1 gi\u1edd l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c v\u00e0 nh\u1eadn l\u01b0\u01a1ng. 4. Lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u (S\u1ef1 di chuy\u1ec3n) \ud83d\ude9a C\u00e1c lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng m\u0169i t\u00ean k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh, kho d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i. Ch\u00fang \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho s\u1ef1 di chuy\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. M\u1ed9t lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 t\u00ean m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 n\u1ed9i dung d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chuy\u1ec3n. \u0110\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m ch\u00ednh: H\u01b0\u1edbng:C\u00e1c lu\u1ed3ng ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t h\u01b0\u1edbng duy nh\u1ea5t. C\u1ea7n hai m\u0169i t\u00ean n\u1ebfu d\u1eef li\u1ec7u di chuy\u1ec3n theo c\u1ea3 hai chi\u1ec1u. N\u1ed9i dung:Nh\u00e3n ph\u1ea3i<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":4061,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_yoast_wpseo_title":"5 Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n B\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c c\u1ee7a S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 Lu\u1ed3ng D\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c Gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch (H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn DFD)","_yoast_wpseo_metadesc":"H\u1ecdc 5 ph\u1ea7n c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i c\u1ee7a S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 Lu\u1ed3ng D\u1eef li\u1ec7u. C\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh, kho l\u01b0u tr\u1eef, th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3, lu\u1ed3ng v\u00e0 t\u1eeb \u0111i\u1ec3n. H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 v\u1edbi c\u00e1c v\u00ed d\u1ee5 cho ph\u00e2n t\u00edch h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng.","fifu_image_url":"","fifu_image_alt":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[84],"tags":[77,83],"class_list":["post-4060","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-dfd","tag-academic","tag-dfd"],"yoast_head":"\n5 Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n B\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c c\u1ee7a S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 Lu\u1ed3ng D\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c Gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch (H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn DFD)<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"H\u1ecdc 5 ph\u1ea7n c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i c\u1ee7a S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 Lu\u1ed3ng D\u1eef li\u1ec7u. C\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh, kho l\u01b0u tr\u1eef, th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3, lu\u1ed3ng v\u00e0 t\u1eeb \u0111i\u1ec3n. H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 v\u1edbi c\u00e1c v\u00ed d\u1ee5 cho ph\u00e2n t\u00edch h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.diagrams-ai.com\/vn\/5-essential-data-flow-diagram-components\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"vi_VN\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"5 Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n B\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c c\u1ee7a S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 Lu\u1ed3ng D\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c Gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch (H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn DFD)\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"H\u1ecdc 5 ph\u1ea7n c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i c\u1ee7a S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 Lu\u1ed3ng D\u1eef li\u1ec7u. C\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh, kho l\u01b0u tr\u1eef, th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3, lu\u1ed3ng v\u00e0 t\u1eeb \u0111i\u1ec3n. 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