{"id":3948,"date":"2026-02-28T10:36:04","date_gmt":"2026-02-28T10:36:04","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.diagrams-ai.com\/vn\/include-extend-use-case-diagrams-visual-paradigm-ai\/"},"modified":"2026-02-28T10:36:04","modified_gmt":"2026-02-28T10:36:04","slug":"include-extend-use-case-diagrams-visual-paradigm-ai","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.diagrams-ai.com\/vn\/include-extend-use-case-diagrams-visual-paradigm-ai\/","title":{"rendered":"C\u00e1c m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 <> v\u00e0 <> trong s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch"},"content":{"rendered":"

Gi\u1ea3i t\u1ecfa <<include>><\/code> v\u00e0 <<extend>><\/code> trong s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi AI<\/h1>\n

B\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e3 bao gi\u1edd c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y m\u00ecnh \u0111ang nh\u00ecn ch\u1eb1m ch\u1eb1m v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t t\u1ea5m b\u1ea3ng tr\u1ed1ng, c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng h\u00ecnh dung c\u00e1c t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c trong m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p, ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y cho\u00e1ng ng\u1ee3p b\u1edfi s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng qu\u00e1 l\u1edbn? N\u00f3 gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng k\u1ec3 m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n h\u1ea5p d\u1eabn, nh\u01b0ng t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c tuy\u1ebfn c\u1ed1t truy\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ec1u r\u1ed1i tung l\u00ean. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 ai \u0111ang x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m ho\u1eb7c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf quy tr\u00ecnh, vi\u1ec7c hi\u1ec3u c\u00e1ch ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c v\u1edbi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u t\u1ed1i quan tr\u1ecdng. \u0110\u00f3 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 n\u01a1i m\u00e0S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p<\/a> xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n, \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3n v\u1ebd s\u01a1 b\u1ed9 cho c\u00e1c t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c gi\u1eefa ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng v\u00e0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng.<\/p>\n

H\u00f4m nay, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i s\u1ebd gi\u1ea3i m\u00e3 hai m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd nh\u1ea5t, nh\u01b0ng th\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ecb hi\u1ec3u nh\u1ea7m nh\u1ea5t, c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang: <<include>><\/code> v\u00e0 <<extend>><\/code>. Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i s\u1ebd kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 ch\u00fang l\u00e0 g\u00ec, khi n\u00e0o n\u00ean s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng, v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 b\u1edfi AI nh\u01b0 Visual Paradigm<\/a> gi\u00fap l\u00e0m ch\u1ee7 ch\u00fang kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng h\u01a1n, m\u00e0 c\u00f2n tr\u1ef1c quan v\u00e0 th\u1eadm ch\u00ed th\u00fa v\u1ecb.<\/p>\n

C\u00e1c m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 <<include>><\/code> v\u00e0 <<extend>><\/code> l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/h2>\n

Trong c\u00e1ch \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n nh\u1ea5t, <<include>><\/code> v\u00e0 <<extend>><\/code>l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng lo\u1ea1i m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p UML \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c v\u00e0 \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n h\u00f3a c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p. Ch\u00fang gi\u00fap b\u1ea1n chia nh\u1ecf c\u00e1c ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng l\u1edbn, ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p th\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng ph\u1ea7n nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n, d\u1ec5 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd, n\u00e2ng cao t\u00ednh r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u00e1i s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m m\u1ea5t \u0111i b\u1ee9c tranh t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3.<\/p>\n

S\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i: <<include>><\/code> so v\u1edbi <<extend>><\/code><\/h2>\n

M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 c\u1ea3 hai m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ec1u gi\u00fap c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng, ch\u00fang ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 nh\u1eefng m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch kh\u00e1c nhau. H\u00e3y t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng ch\u00fang nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 kh\u00e1c nhau trong b\u1ed9 d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi k\u1ec3 chuy\u1ec7n\u2014m\u1ed7i c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ec1u ho\u00e0n h\u1ea3o cho m\u1ed9t b\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u1eb7t c\u1ed1t truy\u1ec7n c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
M\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7<\/th>\nM\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch<\/th>\nS\u1ef1 ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c<\/th>\nH\u01b0\u1edbng<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
<<bao g\u1ed3m>><\/code><\/td>\nS\u1eed d\u1ee5ng b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c:<\/strong> \u0110\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho m\u1ed9t h\u00e0nh vi chung, b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia s\u1ebb b\u1edfi nhi\u1ec1u tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng. Tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bao g\u1ed3m ph\u1ea3i<\/em>x\u1ea3y ra \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u01a1 s\u1edf ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh.<\/td>\nTr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u01a1 s\u1edf ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o<\/strong>tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bao g\u1ed3m.<\/td>\nM\u0169i t\u00ean ch\u1ec9 t\u1eeb tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u01a1 s\u1edf \u0111\u1ebfn tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bao g\u1ed3m.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<<m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng>><\/code><\/td>\nC\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn t\u00f9y ch\u1ecdn:<\/strong> \u0110\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho h\u00e0nh vi b\u1ed5 sung, thay th\u1ebf, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u1ea3y ra ho\u1eb7c kh\u00f4ng t\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3. N\u00f3 th\u00eam ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng t\u00f9y ch\u1ecdn v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng hi\u1ec7n c\u00f3.<\/td>\nTr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o<\/strong>tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u01a1 s\u1edf.<\/td>\nM\u0169i t\u00ean ch\u1ec9 t\u1eeb tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ebfn tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u01a1 s\u1edf. (\u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y th\u01b0\u1eddng khi\u1ebfn m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u1ea7m l\u1eabn; h\u00e3y nh\u1edb r\u1eb1ng ph\u1ea7n b\u1ed5 sung<\/em>ch\u1ec9 v\u1ec1 ph\u1ea7n ban \u0111\u1ea7u<\/em>).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch <<bao g\u1ed3m>><\/code><\/h3>\n

H\u00e3y t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng Sarah, m\u1ed9t qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m m\u1edbi, \u0111ang l\u1eadp b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3 cho m\u1ed9t tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng “X\u1eed l\u00fd \u0111\u01a1n h\u00e0ng tr\u1ef1c tuy\u1ebfn” tr\u00ean n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed c\u1ee7a c\u00f4. C\u00f4 nh\u1eadn ra r\u1eb1ng b\u1ea5t k\u1ec3 \u0111\u01a1n h\u00e0ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u1eed l\u00fd nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o, b\u01b0\u1edbc “X\u00e1c minh t\u00edn d\u1ee5ng kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng” lu\u00f4n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft.lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n<\/em>ph\u1ea3i x\u1ea3y ra. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 th\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng trong quy tr\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n<<include>><\/code> t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng. Tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng “X\u1eed l\u00fd \u0111\u01a1n h\u00e0ng tr\u1ef1c tuy\u1ebfn”<<include>><\/code> “X\u00e1c minh t\u00edn d\u1ee5ng kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng.” Tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bao g\u1ed3m (“X\u00e1c minh t\u00edn d\u1ee5ng kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng”) l\u00e0 thi\u1ebft y\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n (“X\u1eed l\u00fd \u0111\u01a1n h\u00e0ng tr\u1ef1c tuy\u1ebfn”) \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. N\u00f3 th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y vi\u1ec7c t\u00e1i s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng v\u00ec “X\u00e1c minh t\u00edn d\u1ee5ng kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng” c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bao g\u1ed3m trong c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng kh\u00e1c nh\u01b0 “Qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd \u0111\u0103ng k\u00fd” ho\u1eb7c “X\u1eed l\u00fd ho\u00e0n h\u00e0ng.”<\/p>\n

T\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u s\u00e2u v\u1ec1<<extend>><\/code><\/h3>\n

B\u00e2y gi\u1edd, h\u00e3y n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed c\u1ee7a Sarah c\u0169ng cung c\u1ea5p t\u00ednh n\u0103ng t\u00f9y ch\u1ecdn “\u00c1p d\u1ee5ng m\u00e3 gi\u1ea3m gi\u00e1.” \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 th\u1ee9 m\u00e0ph\u1ea3i<\/em>x\u1ea3y ra m\u1ed7i khi m\u1ed9t \u0111\u01a1n h\u00e0ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u1eed l\u00fd. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u01b0\u1edbct\u00f9y ch\u1ecdn<\/em>b\u01b0\u1edbcm\u1edf r\u1ed9ng<\/em>tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng “X\u1eed l\u00fd \u0111\u01a1n h\u00e0ng tr\u1ef1c tuy\u1ebfn”, nh\u01b0ng ch\u1ec9 trong c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: n\u1ebfu kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng nh\u1eadp m\u00e3 h\u1ee3p l\u1ec7).<\/p>\n

\u1ede \u0111\u00e2y, “\u00c1p d\u1ee5ng m\u00e3 gi\u1ea3m gi\u00e1”<<extend>><\/code> “X\u1eed l\u00fd \u0111\u01a1n h\u00e0ng tr\u1ef1c tuy\u1ebfn.” Tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng (“\u00c1p d\u1ee5ng m\u00e3 gi\u1ea3m gi\u00e1”) b\u1ed5 sung ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng cho tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n (“X\u1eed l\u00fd \u0111\u01a1n h\u00e0ng tr\u1ef1c tuy\u1ebfn”) nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh lu\u1ed3ng ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. Tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n v\u1eabn c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng ngay c\u1ea3 khi tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd x\u1ea3y ra.<\/p>\n

Khi n\u00e0o n\u00ean s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 n\u00e0y<\/h2>\n

Hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c “\u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec” l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u, nh\u01b0ng bi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c “khi n\u00e0o” m\u1edbi l\u00e0 n\u01a1i th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n chuy\u00ean m\u00f4n th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1.<\/p>\n

S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng<<include>><\/code> khi:<\/strong><\/p>\n